高中英语中的语法“关键词”.doc

高中英语中的语法“关键词”一、与虚拟语气有关的几类词在一个“坚持”insist,二个“命令”command，order 三个“建议”suggest ，advise， propose 四个“要求”demand， require ，ask， request 后跟宾语从句，从句的谓语动词用“should +V原” should 可以省略。They requested that the meeting (should) be postponed.在demand ，insist ，order， plan， suggestion ，command， proposal ，advice 等词后的同位语从句或表语从句中，谓语动词用“should +V原”should 可以省略.My suggestion is that the old house (should) be pulled down.Doctors give us some advice that we (should) pay more attention to our health.在Its important / strange / necessary / natural / possible / funny / anxious that 句型中，主语从句的谓语动词用“should +V原”，should 可以省略。It is important that we (should) think before we decide.在Its a pity / a shame / no wonder that句型中，主语从句的谓语动词用“should +V原”，should 可以省略。Its a pity that in the story nobody (should) help the dodo.在遇见wish ，as if，if only，would rather 时要正确使用各种虚拟，时态分三种情况。 与现在情况相反动词用过去式，be 动词用were. 与过去情况相反动词用had done. 与将来情况相反动词would +V原。I wish I had been with you yesterday.He opened his mouth as if he would say something.If only he would listen to me carefully.注意：as if 要先判定是否需要使用虚拟语气。He lay still for a long while as if (he were) dead.He left the room hurriedly, as if (he was) angry.遇到with，without， but for，otherwise 时要考虑使用含蓄条件句。Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the masterpieces.The children must have got lost in the woods, otherwise, they would have been at the cake side camp as scheduled.在Its (high / about) time that 句型中，谓语用动词过去式或should +V原。Its about time you cleaned your room.Its about time you should clean your room.2、同位语从句中常见的抽象名词，如fact ,news,idea,belief , promise ,truth,evidence ,suggestion, order 等出现，做题时考虑同位语从句。There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily party without being noticed.3、倒装句中的具有典型代表的词出现时。否定词或否定短语放在句首时，如never, not , not only , hardly , little seldom, rarely, nowhere, scarely, no sooner ,by no means, in no case, at no time, on no condition, in no circumstances, 等。Not only am I interested in photography, but also I took an amateur course at university.Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.only 位于句首且不修饰主语的情况下，主句要部分倒装。Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.在as / though 引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的adj, n, adv 或V提前。Strange as it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.Child as he was, he knew a lot.Try though you may, youll still fail.当so / such that 放在句首时，要将adj, adv 先提前，再部分倒装。So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.So fast did he run that I couldnt catch up with him.hardly (scarely) when, no soonerthan, not onlybut also等待两个句子时，前倒后不倒。Hardly / scarely had he heard the news when he began to cry.注意：前两个连词词组中的时态以及正常语序中它们的位置。当not until 位于句首时，主句要发生部分倒装，但在其强调句型中不用。Not until two days after the earthquake did she find her mother alive.It was not until we each went our separate ways that I realized how important she was to me.4、英语中的倍数表达法（常考点） A is +倍数+比较级+than +B A is +倍数+as+原级+as+B A is +倍数+the+名词(size,length, height 等)+of+B. A is +倍数+that +of+B A is +倍数+what 引导的名词性从句。This mountain is three times higher than that one.=This mountain is three times as high as that one.=This mountain is three times the height of that one.The output of this year is three times that of 2008.=The output of this year is three times what it was in 2008.According to statistics, a man is twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman.Mr Hilton is very pleased with the newly built house, which is almost twice the size of the one he used to live in.China has a population of 1,300,000,000, which is almost six times the size of Japan.It is shown that men have twice as many serious accidents as women do on average while driving according to recent statistics.5、定语从句中的关键词当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case ,stage 等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导；如果不作状语则用that / which引导。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.as用在the same as, such as, asas, soas 结构中，可以作主语，宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词是表示人或物的名词。They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.6、常见固定句型be doing / be about do / had just donewhenI was running along the riverside when I heard a cry for help.I was abot to set off when it began to rain.I had just finished my homework when the light went out.The+比较级the+比较级 越越The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.The harder you study, the greater progress you will make.When it comes to 当谈到或涉及He is a man of few words. But when it comes to playing computer, he will be excited and full of energy.When it comes to helping his wife the housework, John never complains.every time / each time / next time / the first time / any time等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当每次下次”Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.You are welcome to come back any time you want to.There is (no)need to doIt is (not)necessary for sb to do There is (no) difficulty / trouble / point / sense / use / delay (in) doingIs there any chance of us / our winning the match?There is no point in discussing the problem again.It is up to sb to do sth. 应由某人来做某事。When shall we start out?its up to you to decide.prefer to do A rather than do B（两者相比）愿意干A而不愿意干B.I prefer to stay at home rather than go to the park in such weather.Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, on (doing)sthOn arriving (his arrival) at the airport , he was surrounded by the reporters.Have you given John the book?Yes , the moment I saw him. Sb spends money / time on sth/ in doing sth.某人花钱/时间 做某事 Sb pays money to sb for sth. Sth costs sb money / time. It takes sb some time to do sth.The time (he spends watching TV) is as much as he does doing his home work.The MP3, (for which he paid) only ￥150 proved to be useful.The naughty boy cost his mother many sleepless nights.在英语中，如sell, cut ,wash ,last ,burn 等常用作vi, 与well, easily, quickly等副词连用，用来表示某物具备的某各特征，常用主动表被动。His latest novel sells well.Dry paper burns easily.The cloth washes well.The poem reads smoothly.The floor doesnt clean easily.This cheese doesnt cut easily. Its too soft.4