专四专八英语语法限定词1培训资料.ppt

THE THIRD LESSON:DETERMINER（1）第三第三(d sn)讲：限定词（一）讲：限定词（一）第一页，共32页。英语英语(yn y)的限定词包括：的限定词包括：定冠词（定冠词（Definite Article），不定冠词（），不定冠词（Indefinite Article），零冠词（），零冠词（Zero Article）物主限定词（物主限定词（Possessive Determiner）：）：my，your，his，her，our，your，their，ones，its名词属格（名词属格（Genitive Noun）：）：Johns，my friends指示指示(zhsh)限定词（限定词（Demonstrative Determiner）：）：this，that，these，those，such关系限定词（关系限定词（Relative Determiner）：）：whosewhich第二页，共32页。疑疑问问(ywn)(ywn)限限定定词词（Interrogative Interrogative DeterminerDeterminer）：whatwhat，whichwhich，whosewhose不不定定限限定定词词（Indefinite Indefinite DeterminerDeterminer）：nono，somesome，anyany，eacheach，everyevery，enoughenough，eithereither，neitherneither，allall，bothboth，halfhalf，severalseveral，manymany，muchmuch，(a)(a)fewfew，(a)(a)littlelittle，otherother，anotheranother基数词（基数词（Cardinal NumeralCardinal Numeral）和序数词（）和序数词（Ordinal NumberOrdinal Number）倍倍数数词词（Multiplicative Multiplicative NumeralNumeral）和和分分数数词词（Fractional Fractional NumeralNumeral）量量词词（QuantifierQuantifier）：a a lot lot ofof，lots lots ofof，plenty plenty ofof，a a greatgreatgood good deal deal ofof，a a largelargesmall small amountamountquantity quantity ofof，a greata greatlargelargegood number ofgood number of等。等。第三页，共32页。限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词与限定词的搭配关系若干限定词用法(ynf)比较第四页，共32页。（1）能与三类名词）能与三类名词(mng c)搭配的限定词搭配的限定词有些(yuxi)限定词如the，some，any，no，other，whose以及my，your等物主限定词和名词属格（Johns，myfriends）等能与三类名词搭配。例如：thebookthebooksthemoneymybookmybooksmymoneymyfriendsbookmyfriendsbooksmyfriendsmoneyanybookanybooksanymoneysomebooksomebookssomemoneynobooknobooksnomoneytheotherbooktheotherbookstheothermoneywhosebookwhosebookswhosemoney第五页，共32页。（2）只能与名词单数搭配的限定词）只能与名词单数搭配的限定词 有有些些(yuxi)限限定定词词如如a(n)，one，another，each，every，either，neither，many a，such a等等只只能能与与单单数数名名词词搭搭配配。例如：例如：each worker every student either book neither sentence an apple one copy another book many a book such a book（3）只能与复数名词搭配的限定词）只能与复数名词搭配的限定词 有有些些(yuxi)限限定定词词如如both，two，three，another twothree，many，(a)few，several，these，those，a(great)number of等只能与复数名词搭配。例如：等只能与复数名词搭配。例如：both workers (a)few words several students thesethose books a number of essays twothree visitors many students another two students第六页，共32页。（4）只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词）只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词 有有些些限限定定词词如如a(little)bit of，a large amount of，a great deal of，(a)little，much，less，(the)least等等只只能能与与不可数名词搭配。不可数名词搭配。a bit of water a large amount of money much noise (a)little space less oil (the)least oil（5）能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词）能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词 有有些些限限定定词词如如the first，the second，the last，the next等等既既可可与与单单数数(dnsh)名名词词搭搭配配，也也可可与与复复数数名名词词搭搭配配。例如：例如：the first rose the first roses the last man the last men the next meeting the next meetings第七页，共32页。（6）能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词）能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词 有些有些(yuxi)限定词如限定词如this，that等能与单数名词等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如：和不可数名词搭配。例如：thisthat job thisthat work（7）能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词）能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词 还有些还有些(yuxi)限定词如限定词如a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough，more，most，such，other等可与复数名词等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如：和不可数名词搭配。例如：第八页，共32页。a lot of books a lot of money lots of chickens lots of food plenty of chairs plenty of water enough copies enough coal more articles more time most people most work such men such bread other men other bread 这这一一类类限限定定词词也也可可以以包包括括less和和(the)least。如如前前所所述述，less和和least通通常常只只与与不不可可数数名名词词搭搭配配，但但在在现现代代英英语语的的非非正正式式语语体体中中，间间或或也也可可与与复复数数(fsh)名词搭配。例如：名词搭配。例如：Less and less people can afford to go abroad for their holidays.Political programmes on TV attract the least viewers.第九页，共32页。EXERCISES 3.1A1.Why is theretraffic on the streets in February than in May?traffic on the streets in February than in May?A.less B.fewer C.few D.little2.On account of the typhoon2.On account of the typhoon shipment will arrive this week.shipment will arrive this week.A.neither B.all C.both D.these3.Have you got 3.Have you got copies to go round?copies to go round?A.the other B.enough C.a little D.much 4.There4.Theres s water in the bottle.water in the bottle.A.few B.a number of C.plenty of D.any5.There is 5.There is iron in this mine than in that one.iron in this mine than in that one.A.much B.a great deal of C.less D.a lot of6.He wrote 6.He wrote essays on Victorian novels in his class.essays on Victorian novels in his class.A.the next B.the most C.the other D.the more7.He has published 7.He has published short stories in English.short stories in English.A.a great amount of B.a number of C.another D.many a 8.We had 8.We had rainfalls last summer.rainfalls last summer.A.too much B.little C.a little D.only several9.9.care would have prevented the accident.care would have prevented the accident.A.Much B.Little C.A little D.A few10.The students spent 10.The students spent their time working in the fields.their time working in the fields.A.both B.most C.more D.halfAABCCBBDCD第十页，共32页。在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时，就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题(wnt)。按其不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为：（1 1）中位、前位、后位限定词）中位、前位、后位限定词 按照限定词和限定词之间的不同搭配位置(wizhi)，限定词可分为中位限定词（CentralDeterminer）、前 位 限 定 词（Predeterminer）和 后 位 限 定 词（Postdeterminer）。第十一页，共32页。中位限定词中位限定词1、定冠词和不定冠词:a(n)，the，zero；2、物主限定词（物主代词和s属格名词）:my，your,Marys,myfriends3、指示限定词:this，that，these，those4、不定数量词（some,few,no,any,every,each,either,neither,enough）；5、疑问(ywn)限定词和关系限定词:what(ever)，which(ever)，whose第十二页，共32页。b)前位限定词包括前位限定词包括(boku)all，both，half；double，twice，three times等；等；one-third，two-fifths等；等；what，such(a/an)(跨类限定词）。跨类限定词）。c）后位限定词包括）后位限定词包括(boku)one，two，three等；等；first，second，third等；等；next，last，other，another等；等；many，much，(a)few，(a)little，fewer，(the)fewest，less，(the)least，more，most；several等；等；plenty of，a lot of，lots of，a great/large/good number of，a great/good deal of，a large/small amount of；such等。等。第十三页，共32页。(2)(2)三类限定词搭搭配三类限定词搭搭配(dpi)(dpi)关系关系 如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词，其搭配关系总是按照“前位中位后卫(huwi)”的顺序排列。例如：all the four teachers all your three books 前 中 后 前 中 后 all these last few days 前 中 后 后 如果只有上述两类限定词，其搭配关系仍按上述顺序。例如：half his lecture those last few months 前 中 中 后 后 第十四页，共32页。severalseveral hundredhundred guests guests allall otherother students students 后后 后后 前前 后后 such asuch a misfortune misfortune somesome such such alloyalloy 前前 中中 中中 后后 有上述(shngsh)诸例可以看出，中位限定词和前位限定词之间是相互排斥的，即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以，“我的那本书”不是my that book而是that book of mine，因为my 和that 同是中位限定词，不可并列。但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制。例如：his last two books the first two chapters 中 后 后 中 后 后 two more sheets 后 后 第十五页，共32页。个别限定词有跨类现象，如such既属于前位限定词，又可归入后位限定词。由于它只是(zhsh)在sucha.和suchan这样的搭配中属于前位限定词，而在与其他限定词（some，any，no，all，few，another，other，many，one，two等）搭配时，such则是后位限定词，一律放在上述这些限定词的后面，如somesuch，anysuch，nosuch，fewsuch，onesuch等，因此把它归入后位限定词。第十六页，共32页。EXERCISES 3.2AChooseanappropriatecombinationofdeterminerstofillineachblank:1.He did it in time it took me.A.the one-third B.half a C.the double D.one-third the2.I saw boys at the cinema.A.the both B.many a C.both the D.the several3.candidates are girls.A.Half the B.The half C.Their half D.Half a 4.friends usually speak highly of him.A.His some B.His many C.Many his D.Some hisDCAB第十七页，共32页。5.alloy may be used to replace copper.A.Such a B.Some such C.Such some D.Several such6.Are you going to buy rice?A.all these B.these all C.all this D.both these7.dictionary is enough for me.A.Such one B.One such C.Such a one D.One such a 8.factors should be considered.A.These all B.Such all C.All such D.Some these9.meat is tainted.A.That one-third B.One-third that C.Such a D.Few such10.cases have been reported.A.Such few B.Such some C.Few such D.Some theseBCBCBC第十八页，共32页。Translate the following into English,using appropriate determiners:1.开凿隧道开凿隧道(sudo)需要大量劳动力（需要大量劳动力（labor）。）。1.To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labor.2.少说空话（少说空话（empty talk）多干实事）多干实事(sh sh)（practical work）。）。2.There must be less empty talk but more practical work.3.今天参观展览会的人数今天参观展览会的人数(rn sh)比昨天少。比昨天少。3.There are fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.4.安娜（安娜（Anna）因为没有足够的钱财而烦恼丛生。）因为没有足够的钱财而烦恼丛生。4.Anna has enough worries because she hasnt got enough money.5.你读的诗（你读的诗（poetry）和做的练习（）和做的练习（exercises）都比我多。）都比我多。5.You have learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have.第十九页，共32页。（1）many，much，a lot of，lots of，plenty of等等 表示“多”的意思，可用many，much，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a goodgreat many，a large amount of等。作为限定词many和a goodgreat many之后(zhhu)须跟复数名词：much和a large amount of之后(zhhu)须跟不可数名词。例如：Many animals have diseases.Much information is now transmitted through E-mail.We have a great many questions to discuss at meeting.We are going to spend a large amount of money on childrens education.第二十页，共32页。many，much，a great many等等既既可可用用作作限限定定词词，也也可可用用作作不不定定代代词词(dic)。例如：。例如：Have you done all these exercises?No,I havent done very much.Has she read any English novels in the originals?Yes,a great many.Has he spent much money on the house?Oh,a large amount.第二十一页，共32页。many，much 可以可以(ky)带有带有howtoosoas.as等修饰语。例如：等修饰语。例如：I want to know how much money will be spent on the project.How many copies do you need for your class?I have(far)too many books on the shelf.We have had too much rain in the spring.Its really surprising that the boy should have so much strength at his age.You can take as many copies as you need.第二十二页，共32页。（2）(a)few，(a)little 表示“少”的意思(y s)，可用（a）few，(a)little，既可用作限定词，也可用作不定代词。a few，a little表示“少量”，带有肯定含义。例如：Lets invite a few friends to come with us.There are only a very few left.I had a little difficulty in solving the problem.Give me a little of that wine.I am trying to use the little French I have just learnt.第二十三页，共32页。fewlittle若不与a连用则表示否定意义，相当于notmanymuch，notenough。例如(lr)：Ihaveveryfew(chocolates)left.Iunderstandlittleofhisspeech.要注意，quiteafew，agoodfew，notafew不表示“少”，而表示“相当多”的含义，相当于afairnumber(of)。例如(lr)：Quiteafewofusaregettingworried.Youwillhavetowaitagoodfewweeks.little的比较级和最高级是的比较级和最高级是less和和least，通常只能与不可数名词搭配，通常只能与不可数名词搭配，但在当代英语中也有用但在当代英语中也有用less与复数可数名词搭配的。例如：与复数可数名词搭配的。例如：If only there were less holes in the roof.但这只见于非正式语体但这只见于非正式语体(y t)中；在正式语体中；在正式语体(y t)中仍以用中仍以用fewer为为好。好。第二十四页，共32页。（3）some，any要表示“一些”的意思，可用some，any。some是肯定(kndng)词（AssertiveWord），常用于肯定(kndng)句：any是非肯定(kndng)词（NonassertiveWord），常用于否定句或疑问句。例如：Therearesomelettersforme.Therearentanylettersforme.Arethereanylettersforme?Iseldomgetanysleepthesedays.any也常用于条件分句以及带有否定意义的句子中：Ifyouhaveanytrouble,pleaseletmeknow.Iforgottoaskforanychange（零钱）.第二十五页，共32页。当说话人期待肯定回答时，some也可用于疑问句，比如当说话人期待来信时，他可以问到：Aretheresomelettersforme?当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时，也可在疑问句中用some：CouldIhavesomeoftheseapples?Wouldyoulikesomechocolatecake?当some与单数可数名词搭配(dpi)时，some相当于acertain（“某一”）的含义；而any与单数可数名词搭配(dpi)，则相当于every（“任何一个”）的含义。例如：Someboyhasbrokenawindow.Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.第二十六页，共32页。（4）all，both，every，each，either，neither，any这一类词，除every只能(zhnn)作为限定词外，都是既可作为限定词，也可作为不定代词。例如：all(of)the boysboth(of)the boysevery boyevery one of the boyseach boyeither(one)of the boyseither boyeither(one)of the(two)boysneither boyneither(one)of the(two)boysany boyany(one)of the(three or more)boys第二十七页，共32页。由上述诸例可以看出，这一类的限定词和不定代词(dic)在用法上有以下值得注意之处：a)表示“全体”，可用all和both，但all表示三个或三个以上人或物的“全体”，而both则表示两个人或物的“全体”。例如：Allthefourapplicationsarebelowtheaverage.Bothhisparentsareagainsthisgoingtherealone.如果要表示如果要表示“全体都不全体都不”的意思，当的意思，当“全体全体”为三个或更多的人为三个或更多的人或物时，通常或物时，通常(tngchng)用用none。例如：。例如：None of the students failed the examination.Ill have none of your stupid ideas.（我不能接受你的那些糊涂（我不能接受你的那些糊涂(h tu)观念。）观念。）第二十八页，共32页。在上述第一例中，既可用none，也可用noone：Noonefailedtheexamination.但noone只能指人，不能指物。如果(rgu)要表示两个人或物“都不”，通常要用neither:NeitherstudentNeither(one)ofthe(two)studentsfailedtheexamination.b)表示(biosh)全体中的“每个”，如果这个“全体”包含三个或更多的人或物，通常用every。例如：Everystudentintheclasstookpartintheperformance.Hiseveryactionshowsthatheisaverydeterminedyoungman.第二十九页，共32页。如果这个“全体(qunt)”包括两个或两个以上的人或物，便可以用each。例如：Eachsideofthestreetwascrowdedwithpeople.在这里，不可以用every。如果说“广场的每一边都挤满了人“，那就既可用each也可用every:EachEverysideofthesquarewascrowdedwithpeople.every与each的区别还在于every指许多人或物中的“每个”，侧重在全体(qunt)，近乎all的含义。例如：Everystudentfailedtheexamination.=Allthestudentsfailedtheexamination.而each则指许多人或物中的“各个”，侧重在个别。例如：Eachchildwillfindhisownpersonalroadtosuccess.第三十页，共32页。c)表示(biosh)全体中的“任何一个”，也要看这个“全体”包含三个或更多，还是只包含“两个”。当“全体”包含三个或三个以上，要表示(biosh)其中任何一个须用any。例如：Any(=Every)childwouldknowthat.Hisgiftwasunknowntoany(ofthem)excepthimself.当“全体”只包含两个时，要表示(biosh)其中任何一个须用either。例如：TherearetwoflightsforBeijinginthemorning.Youcantakeeither(one).但在oneitherside，oneitherend等固定词组中有时可以兼指两个。例如：Therearewarehousesoneithersideoftheriver(=onbothsidesoftheriver).第三十一页，共32页。EXERCISE 3.3 Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners or corresponding indefinitepronounssemanticallyrelatedtoquantity:1.A:Do you need more milk?B:No,there is too_ already.2.I cant open this lock.There must be _ key that will open it.3._ people will believe_ story you tell them.4.On _ side of the street there were assembled a lot of soldiers.5.When the ship was sunk,all the sailors were drowned,_ one of them.6.The president got down from the plane and shook hands with _one waiting at the airport.muchsomesomeanyeithereveryeach第三十二页，共32页。