小学英语语法学习入门.doc

-_小学英语语法入门（一）小学英语语法入门（一）接数字要大写首字母的单词有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母，并且数字的首字母也要大写，这样的单词有 lesson、grade、class、team、row、number 等。如 Lesson One 第一课， Class Two, Grade Three 三年级二班，Team Four 第四组，Number Five 第五号。但是它们不接 数字时不大写首字母。Be 动词的一般用法动词的一般用法be 动词包括 am、is、are, 其用法如下：1. am 只用于 I 的后面，如：I am a girl. I am ten. 2. is 只用于 she/he/it 或其他单数第三人称后面，如：It is a big apple. A girl is in a bus.(a girl 一个女孩，单独一个人是单数第三人称) Mike is in Team Three.(Mike 一个人名是单数第三人称) An apple is in a box.(an apple 一个苹果，一个东西是单数第三人称) A book is in a desk.(a book 一本书，也是单数第三人称) 3. are 只用于 you、we、they 或复数人称后面。如：You are Number Thirteen. They are in Grade Nine. We are at home. Mike and a girl are in a bus. (Mike 和一个女孩指的是两个人，是复数人称) Six boys are in Team Six.（Six boys 六个男孩，多于两个人也是复数人称）A book and a box are on a desk.（A book and a box 一本书和一个盒子，两个物是复数人称）Three pencils are in the pencil-box.（Three pencils 三支铅笔，多于两个物也是复数人称）如何变一般疑问句（一）如何变一般疑问句（一）1. 提前原句中的 be 动词 is、are，Be 动词首字母要大写，原句首字母恢复小写，照抄剩余部 分，然后加问号。举例如下： Tom is in Grade One. Is Tom in Grade One? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. This is an egg Is this an egg? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.(an egg 是物，所以用 it 来回答) -_ That is Rose Is that Rose? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.（Rose 是女孩，所以用 she 回答） This is Tom Is this Tom? Yes, he is. /No, he isnt.（Tom 是男孩，所以用 he 回答） They are in Class Nine. Are they in Class Nine? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. A cat and a dog are on the floor. Are a cat and a dog on the floor? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. Many birds are flying in the sky. Are many birds flying in the sky? Yes, they are. / No, they arent. 2. 提前情态动词 can ，举例如下： She can spell clock. Can she spell clock? Yes, she can. / No, she cant. Max can say the numbers. Can Max say the numbers? Yes, he can. / No, he cant. They can speak very good English. Can they speak very good English? Yes, they can. / No, they cant. 如何变一般疑问句（二）如何变一般疑问句（二）变一般疑问句，所涉及的所有第一人称都要改成第二人称（特殊除外） 。即：I(me) you, we(us) you, am are, my your, mine yours. 1. I am Number Six. Are you Number Six? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. 2. We are in Team Four. Are you in Team Four? Yes, we are. / No, we arent. 3. This is my classroom. Is this your lassroom? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 练习：变一般疑问句1. We are in the same grade. 2. I am in Class Six. -_3. That is my sister. 练习：变一般疑问句并作两种回答1. Eve is in a bus. 2. This is an orange. 3. That is Mrs Zhang. 4. This is Mr Hu. 5. Kate can ride a bike. 6. Tom and a girl are in the classroom. 7. They are Japanese. 8. Lucy and Lily can speak Chinese. 如何变一般疑问句（三）如何变一般疑问句（三）一、如果句中谓语动词是 have/has got，则提前 have/has。 （注意：有 some 要改成 any, 有第 一人称要改成第二人称，有第二人称要改成第一人称。 ）1. Ive got a knife. Have you got a knife? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. 2. Toms got some good friends. Has Tom got any good friends? Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt. 练习一：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1. Simons got some postcards from Mexico. 2. Lauras got a violin. 3. Ive got a piano. 4. Shes got a knife and fork and chopsticks. 二、如果句中谓语动词是动词原形，则在句首加 do；如果句中谓语动词是第三人称单数，则 在句首加 does，原动词第三人称单数恢复原形；如果句中谓语动词是过去式，则在句首加 did，原动词过去式恢复原形。1. I often sing songs on Flag Day. Do you often sing songs on Flag Day? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 2. Kate always has Easter Eggs on Easter. Does Kate always have Easter Eggs on Easter? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 3. We ate zongzi last Dragon Boat Festival. Did you eat zongzi last Dragon Boat Festival? Yes, we did. / No, we didnt. -_4. Im eating delicious moon cakes now. Are you eating delicious moon cakes now? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. 5. Father Christmas often gives you presents on Christmas. Does Father Christmas often give us presents on Christmas? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 练习二：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1. I sometimes get up at 6:00. 2. Rose never dances on Halloween. 3. They watched a big football game last Thanksgiving. 4. Tom and Mike are swimming in the lake. 5. Santa Claus always gives you presents on Christmas. 变特殊疑问句一般分三步：变特殊疑问句一般分三步：第一步：根据划线部分确定疑问词。第一步：根据划线部分确定疑问词。第二步：将原句变成一般疑问句。第二步：将原句变成一般疑问句。第三步：去掉划线部分，并加问号。第三步：去掉划线部分，并加问号。三步当中以第一步最难确定，现总结如下：如何变特殊疑问句（一）如何变特殊疑问句（一）1. 对姓名提问用 What ，例如 His name is Max. Whats / What is his name? Her name is Rose. Whats / What is her name? 2. 对物提问用 What，例如 It is a banana. Whats /What is it? This is a pear. Whats / What is this? That is a chick. -_Whats / What is that? 3. 对年级提问用 What grade ，例如 Tom is in Grade Six. What grade is Tom in? She is in Grade Nine. What grade is she in? 练习：变特殊疑问句1. That is a bag. 2. His name is Sam. 3. This is a blackboard. 4. Amy is in Grade Eight. 5. He is in Grade Seven. 如何变特殊疑问句（二）如何变特殊疑问句（二）1. 对班级提问用 What class Tom is in Class One, Grade Two. What class is Tom in? I am in Class Six, Grade Three. What class are you in? We are in Class Four, Grade Six. What class are you in? 2. 对组、队提问用 What team I am in Team Nine. What team are you in? We are in Team Ten. What team are you in? Lingling is in Team Eleven. What team is Lingling in? 练习：变特殊疑问句-_1. Daming is in Team Twelve. 2. Im in Class Six, Grade Nine. 3. We are in Team Five. 选择疑问句选择疑问句选择疑问句是由一般疑问句+or+其他构成的供选择的句子。1. Is this a pen or a pencil? Its a pen. 2. Are you English or American? Im an American.(注意：1，择疑问句 or 前面的单词要读声调，or 后面的要读降调。2，择疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 回答，只能在 or 前后选择。) 练习：将下列句子与所给成分合并为选择疑问句并适当回答1. Are you in Class One?(Class Two) 2. Can you speak Chinese?(Japanese) 3. Do you like playing basketball?(football) 4. Would you like some milk?(some juice) 5. Is he Tom?(Sam) 如何变特殊疑问句（三）如何变特殊疑问句（三）1.对人提问用 Who，对人名提问用 what(一句话中有单词 name，并在 name 下划线，疑问词就要用 What；如果没有单词 name，并在 人名下划线，疑问词就要用 Who。) She is Kate. Who is she? Her name is Kate. What is her name? This boy is Jim. Who is this boy? His name is Jim. What is his name? That woman is Ms Smart. -_Who is that woman? Her name is Ms Smart. What is her name? 2.对年龄提问用 How old . She is nine. How old is she? . Eve is ten. How old is Eve? 3.对排、行提问用 What row . Mike is in Row Nine. What row is Mike in? . He is in Row Five. What row is he in? . Im in Row Four. What row are you in? 4. 对地点提问用 Where . Mike is on the hill. Where is Mike? . The cat is in the box. Where is the cat? . A pear is on the chair. Where is the pear?(上句出现 a，下句用 the 特指) 练习：变特殊疑问句1. Coy is in a bus. 2. Laura is in Row Five. 3. Rose is twelve. 4. The girl is Lucy. 5. I am at school. 6. That man is Mr Hu. 7. Im twenty. 8. A woman is in the room. -_9. Her name is Lucy. 10. I am Mr Wang. 如何变特殊疑问句（四）如何变特殊疑问句（四）一. 对长度提问用 How long 1. The Great Wall is thousands of kilometers. How long is the Great Wall? 2. The Changjiang River is about twelve thousand Li long. How long is the Changjiang River? 二. 对人口数量提问用 How big is+地名？1. Beijing has got about 14 million people. How big is Beijing? 2. New York has got 8 million people. How big is New York? 练习：1. The Yellow River is about 5thousand 4hundred kilometers long. 2. Shanghai has got about 17 million people. 3. Heilongjiang is about four thousand three hundred kilometers long. 4. San Francisco has got about eight hundred thousand people. 如何变特殊疑问句（五）如何变特殊疑问句（五）一、对时间提问用 When。1. Christmas is on December 25th When is Christmas? 2. April Fools Day is on April 1st When is April Fools Day? 练习一：对划线部分提问1. Halloween is on October 31st. 2. Easter Sunday is on the first Sunday after April 21st. 3. Childrens Day is on June 1st. 4. Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November. -_二、对数量提问用 How many+可数名词复数或 How much +不可数名词。1. I can see three birds in the sky. How many birds can you see in the sky? 2. Ive got two brothers. How many brothers have you got? 3. There are twenty-six girls in Class Four. How many girls are there in Class 4? 4. There is some bread in the bag. How much bread is there in the bag? 5. Shes got a lot of apples. How many apples has she got? 练习二：对划线部分提问1. There are thirty-three boys in Grade 9. 2. Ive got lots of toys. 3. There is some juice in the bottle. 4. Hes got a lot of stamps. 5. I can see many monkeys in the zoo. 6. There are lots of festivals in America. 三、对所做事情提问用 What。（注意：如果划线部分是动词原形、第三人称单数或过去式，都要用 do 替代划线部分；如 果划线部分是动词现在分词，则用 doing 替代划线部分。 ）1. We carry flags on Flag Day. What do you do on Flag Day? 2. He has a special meal on the Spring Festival. What does he do on the Spring Festival? 3. She is singing songs now. What is she doing now? 4. The cat ate a bird last night. What did the cat do last night? -_练习三：对划线部分提问1. They often watch TV on Saturdays. 2. Im playing computer games now. 3. She goes to school from Monday to Friday. 4. I visited my relatives last Spring Festival. 5. We are seeing the dragon dance. 6. He ate lots of moon cakes last Mid-autumn Day. 7. We see lanterns on Lantern Festival. 8. We eat jiaozi on Spring Festival. 9. We say “Thank you.” on Thanksgiving. 10. They give Easter Eggs to each others on Easter. 四、对职业提问用 What be +sb? / Whats sbs job? / What do(es) sb do? 1. She is a teacher. What is she? / Whats her job? / What does she do? 2. Im a doctor. What are you? / Whats your job? / What do you do? 练习四：对划线部分提问1. Lily is a student. 2. Mr Smart is a driver. 3. We are pupils. 4. They are teachers. 英语中的打电话英语中的打电话英语中的打电话，通常是接电话者自报号码，如 Hello, 89321204. 我是 XXX，不说 Im ， 而说 This is 。你是 XXX 吗？不用 Are you？而说 Is that？你是谁？不用 Who are you?而说 Whos that? 人名人名+s 的用法（一）的用法（一）1. 人名+s 是人名与 is 的缩写,表示 XXX 是。. Toms at home. (Tom 是在家) . Kates in a bus.（Kate 是在公共汽车上）-_2. 人名+s 是名词所有格，表示 XXX 的。. Mikes pen is in the pencil-box. （Mike 的钢笔是在文具盒里）. Coys home is in England.（Coy 的家是在 England）3. 人名+s 是人名与 has 的缩写，表示 XXX 有。. Simons got a big bag. (Simon 有一个大书包。) . Lilys got a brother and two sisters.(Lily 有一个哥哥和两个妹妹。) 练习：翻译下列句子1. Toms dad is at home. 2. Jims at home today. 3. Im Jims dad. 4. Eves on a hill. 5. Li Leis got a pet dog. 6. Kates in a bus. 7. Mikes pen is in the pencil-box. 8. Coys home is in England. 9. Lucys got a good father. 10. Toms at home. -_小学英语语法入门（二）小学英语语法入门（二）名词复数名词复数一、规则变化：1. 一般在名词词尾加 s，如：a desk two desks , an apple three apples 2. 以 s、x 结尾的在名词词尾加 es，如：a box four boxes , a bus five buses 二、名词复数的读音1.加在清辅音后面的 s 发 s，如：deskdesks,mapmaps 2.加在浊辅音后面的 s 发 z，如：eggeggs,girlgirls 3.加在元音后面的 s 发，如：carcars,treetrees 4.加在 s、x 后的 es 发 ，如：busbuses, boxboxes 5.加在 音素后与其合发 ，如：catcats 6.加在 音素后与其合发 ，如：bedbeds 7.加在 音素后发 ，如：orangeoranges练习：将下列名词变复数并标注所加的 s 或 es 的发音cake desk jeep book map bike clock cup girl lesson apple egg pen pencil eraser boy tree picture ruler car dress fox bus box boat cat friend bird orange 三、不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice , child-children ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth ,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 代词代词(一一) 人称代词主格人称代词主格你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 you I he she it you we they 人称代词宾格人称代词宾格你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 -_you me him her it you us them 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 your my his her its your our their 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 yours mine his hers its yours ours theirs 1.人称代词主格用在动词前，做动作的执行者，在句中作主语。I look. He can see a bird. They have a good teacher. 2. 人称代词宾格用在动词或介词后，做动作的承受者，在句中作宾语。Look at me, please. I can see her in the bus. Please ask them3. 形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，主要用在名词前修饰、限制名词，但是不可单独使 用。This is my friend. Thats your orange. Her name is Rose. Miss Li is our teacher. Those are their bananas. 4. 名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，可用于动词前或动词后，可单独使用。This is my desk.= This desk is mine A: Those are their apples. Where are ours? B: Yours are in the box. 练习一：完成下表人称代词主格：你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他（它） （她）们-_人称代词宾格：你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他（它） （她）们 名词性物主代词：我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她） （它）们的练习二：根据汉语提示完成下列各题1. sing, dance all day. This is life.(我) 2. is English. name is Jack. (他) 3. is Rose and this is desk., That chair is , too. (她) 4. ask me, I ask . (他们) 5. can ride a bike? This is bike. That bike isnt . (你) 6. is a cat. name is Tam. Can you see in the picture? (它) 7. Look at , please. are Chinese. Miss Li is English teacher. (我们) hundred、thousand、million、billion当 hundred、thousand、million、billion 前面有具体数量词的时候，它们是数量词，没有复数没有复数 变化，如: a thousand, three thousand, eight million 等；当它们前面没有具体的数量词时，则它 们是名词，总以复数形式复数形式出现，表示数量之多，但不确定，一定要与介词 of 构成短语之后 才能修饰名词, 如：hundreds of boys 数百男孩，thousands of birds 数千只鸟， millions of people 数百万人，If I had billions and billions of dollars（数十亿美元） , I will buy you everything you want. but that's impossible. haha. 练习：选择正确答案1. There are volunteers in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. A. ten millions B. ten millions of C. millions of D. million of 2. Many trees should be planted on the mountains. A. thousand B. thousand of C. thousands D. thousands of 3. More than five _ people are there. A. thousands B. thousand C. thousands of 4.- How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? - It's hard to say. _ people, I think. -_A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of 基数词基数词基数词是表示数量的词，如下：one two three four five . Hundred thousand million1.几十几用整十加连字符“-”再加几， 如： 34：thirty-four 98：ninety-eight 2.几百几十几用几百 and 几十几，如： 112：a hundred and twelve 375：three hundred and seventy-five 序数词序数词1.序数词是表示顺序的词，如下：first 第一， second 第二，third 第三， fourth 第四.2.基数词变序数词，一般都在基数词词尾加 th，其规律如下：一二三要全变， （onefirst ， two second，three third） 其余将 th 加后边， （four fourth，fifty-sevenfifty-seventh ） th 变化有特例， （如下） 八减 t， （eighteighth） 九去 e， （nineninth）ty 改成 tie， （twenty twentieth，ninety ninetieth） ve 变 f 再加 th。 （five fifth，twelve twelfth）基数词变序数词记忆口诀：基数词变序数词记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上基变序，有规律，词尾加上 th。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母 t，d，d。八去八去 t，九除，九除 e，ve 要用要用 f 替，替，ty 将将 y 变成变成 i，th 前面有个前面有个 e。-_若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序小学英语语法入门（三）小学英语语法入门（三）方位名词与方位介词方位名词与方位介词1. 方位名词N means north, S means south, W means west and E meanseast. NE means northeast, SE means southeast, NW meansnorthwest and SW means southwest. mean 代表，意思是 north 北 south 南 west 西 east 东2. 方位介词：包含 in，接壤 on，相望 to . B is in the north of A. (B 在 A 的北部) . C is in the west of A. (C 在 A 的西部) . F is on the north of A. (F 在的北边) . I is on the south of G.(在的南边) . G is to the west of A. (在的西边) . H is to the east of A. (在的东边) 练习一：翻译下列句子 北京在中国的北部。 2. 上海在中国的东部。 3. 旧金山在美国的西部。 4. 海南在中国的南部。 5. 日本在中国的东边。 6. Russia（俄罗斯）在中国的北边。练习二：看右图，用正确的方位名词或方位介词填空。1. E is the south of A. 2. D is in the of A. 3. G is the north of I. 4. G is the west of C. 5. J is the northeast of A. -_There be 句型句型一、There be+sb（某人）/sth（某物）+someplace（某处） ，表示在某地有某人或某物。当 be 后是单数名词时，be 用 is，后面是复数名词时 be 用 are。1. There is a bird in the tree. (在树上有一只鸟。) 2. There is a