液晶显示驱动器知识.ppt

液晶顯示器驅動系統課程大綱液晶物質簡介液晶的電光效應液晶基本驅動原理STN LCDs 驅動原理TFT LCDs 驅動原理影響TFT LCDs 畫面品質的因素Driver IC 簡介TFT LCDs 模組及介面技術簡介 WHQ绿显电子科技 http:/2022/12/51绿显电子科技 http:/液晶物質的相變化固體結晶液晶液體加熱加熱冷卻冷卻绿显电子科技 http:/2022/12/52绿显电子科技 http:/液晶分子的種類Smectic LC 層狀液晶Nematic LC 線狀液晶Cholesteric LC膽固醇狀液晶绿显电子科技 http:/2022/12/53绿显电子科技 http:/液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquid CrystallineLiquid K SmC SmA N LBiaxialUnaxialIsotropicTemperature绿显电子科技 http:/2022/12/54绿显电子科技 http:/液晶的分類绿显电子科技 http:/2022/12/55绿显电子科技 http:/液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)排列因數()折射率()黏滯係數()介電係數()電導係數 磁化率彈性係數()2022/12/56绿显电子科技 http:/液晶的光學特性Optical PositiveOptical NegativeHelical AxisOptical AxisOptical Axis2022/12/57绿显电子科技 http:/液晶驅動原理電極電極液晶Field OFFField ON2022/12/58绿显电子科技 http:/液晶顯示器主要優缺點優點低電壓驅動。低消耗電流。體積薄，重量輕。可實現大面積化。彩色化容易。缺點視角限制。外加被光源或投射光源。溫度操作範圍限制。2022/12/59绿显电子科技 http:/液晶顯示器的種類 液晶顯示器扭轉型(Twinst Nematic,TN)1971超扭轉型(Super Twinst Nematic,STN)1984 雙層雙扭轉型(Double Layer STN,DSTN)1987 光相位補償超扭轉型(Film STN,FSTN)1988 主動驅動超扭轉型(AASTN or MLS STN)1992強介電型(Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal:FLC)1980PDLC(Polymer Dispersive LC)1988 PSCT(Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture)1993Other DS(Dynamic Scattering)1968 PC(Phase Change)1968 GH(Guest Host)1968 ECB(Elcetrical Control Birefregency)1971BTN(Bistable Twist Nematic)1995IPS(In Plane Switch)1995VA(Vertical Alignment)19962022/12/510绿显电子科技 http:/TN 型 LCDs 顯示原理Twist 90液晶分子Field OFFField ON利用液晶的旋光特性調變穿透光線液晶的旋光特性消失2022/12/511绿显电子科技 http:/STN LCDs 顯示原理Twist 270液晶分子Field OFFField ON利用液晶的雙折射特性調變穿透光線2022/12/512绿显电子科技 http:/TN&STN 電光轉移曲線V-T Curve100%90%10%VnsSTN VsSTNVsTNVnsTNTV2022/12/513绿显电子科技 http:/TN 與 STN 的電壓漂移T100%VTN ModeT100%VSTN Mode2022/12/514绿显电子科技 http:/LCDs 驅動方式直接驅動法(Direction Addressing)靜態驅動法(Static Addressing)多工驅動法(Multiplex Addressing)主動驅動法(Active Addressing/Multi-Line Selection)主動矩陣驅動法(Active Matrix Addressing)兩端元件(MIM,Diode.)三端元件(A-Si:H TFT,Ploy-Si TFT.)Plasma Addressing(PALC)熱掃描驅動法(雷射掃描)光掃描驅動法(電子速掃描2022/12/515绿显电子科技 http:/LCDs 靜態驅動法LC CellXORVsVcVsigVcVsigVcVsVc-VsONOFF2022/12/516绿显电子科技 http:/多工驅動法(振幅選擇驅動法,APT)1 2 3 4N 1 2 3Frame 1Frame 2F0DT水平掃描訊號+D-D0垂直影像訊號Row 1Row 2Row 3Row NColumn 1ONOFFONOFFF+DF-DF+DF-D+D-D0+D-D0+D-D0+D-D01 2 3 4NFrame 1液晶畫素電壓T2022/12/517绿显电子科技 http:/多工驅動法的限制1.01.11.21.31002002022/12/518绿显电子科技 http:/APT 驅動波形2022/12/519绿显电子科技 http:/IAPT 驅動波形APT AddressingIAPT Addressing2022/12/520绿显电子科技 http:/APT 與 IAPT 方式比較APT AddressingLow Voltage Segment Driver:2DHigh Voltage Common Driver:2FIAPT AddressingOffset+D for Positive PolarityOffset+F for Negative PolarityVoltage Range of Segment Driver:F+DVoltage Range of Common Driver:F+D2022/12/521绿显电子科技 http:/高容量多工驅動的對策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)2022/12/522绿显电子科技 http:/STN LCDs 規格Operation Voltage Vop:Bias Ratio:Steepness:Selection Ratio:2022/12/523绿显电子科技 http:/STN LCDs 驅動電壓計算If Voff=2V,N=240 rows,Then:APT:Segment Driver:2.96V,Common Driver:44.40VIAPT:Segment&Common Drivers:23.68V2022/12/524绿显电子科技 http:/STN LCDs Drivers 架構.移位暫存器(Shifter Register)DCLK串列輸入訊號.閂鎖暫存器(Latch Register)LPF+D 0F-D 2D偏壓位準.DF(HLHL.H).HLHH並列輸出垂直訊號電極2D 02D2DIAPT 參考電壓IAPT 驅動 IC2022/12/525绿显电子科技 http:/灰階顯示 FRCFrame Rate Control,FRC:2022/12/526绿显电子科技 http:/灰階顯示 PWMPulse Width Modulation,PWM:2022/12/527绿显电子科技 http:/灰階顯示 PHMPulse High Modulation,PHM:2022/12/528绿显电子科技 http:/液晶的頻率響應2022/12/529绿显电子科技 http:/Vertical Crosstalk of STN LCDs2022/12/530绿显电子科技 http:/Horizontal Crosstalk of STN LCDs垂直驅動訊號L Line水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)ABABL2022/12/531绿显电子科技 http:/Frame Response of STN LCDs2022/12/532绿显电子科技 http:/Active Addressing for STN LCDs2022/12/533绿显电子科技 http:/Active Addressing 驅動電壓If Voff=2V,N=240 rows,Then:F =0.730 X 2V=1.460V|G|=0.954 X 2V=21.909VOutput Range of Segment Driver is about 44V.Common Driver of Common Driver is about 3V.2022/12/534绿显电子科技 http:/Segment Voltage of Active Addressing2022/12/535绿显电子科技 http:/Active Addressing 的矩陣運算列向量（Column）時間（Time）行向量（Row）Bit-Map Image MatrixRow Function Matrix時間（Time）列（Column）Column Voltage Matrix2022/12/536绿显电子科技 http:/矩陣運算方式行（Row）行向量（Row）列向量（Column）Bit-Map Image MatrixRow Vector時間（Time）列（Column）Time=Dtk行向量（Row）列向量（Column）第j列Row Function Matrix時間（Time）列（Column）Column Vector垂直序列運算Column Sequential時間序列運算Time Sequential2022/12/537绿显电子科技 http:/Column Sequential 硬體架構 NM圖框記憶體 NM圖框記憶體影像資訊 輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列NM STN LCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體Row Function ROMNSTN LCDs垂直驅動晶片TFT LCDs 垂直驅動晶片1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器2022/12/538绿显电子科技 http:/Time Sequential 硬體架構 NM圖框記憶體 NM圖框記憶體影像資訊 輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列水平驅動函數唯讀記憶體Row Function ROMN1轉2多工器2轉1解多工器NM圖框緩衝記憶體NM圖框緩衝記憶體NM STN LCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數STN LCDs垂直驅動晶片TFT LCDs 垂直驅動晶片N2022/12/539绿显电子科技 http:/主動矩陣式液晶顯示器AM-LCDs2022/12/540绿显电子科技 http:/TFT LCDs 等效電路Row DriversColumn Driver2022/12/541绿显电子科技 http:/Arrangement of Color Filter R G B R G BR G B R G BR G B R G BRBG RGBRBGRBG RGBRBGRBG RGBRBGRGGBRGGBRGGBRGGBRGW BRGW BRGW BRGW BStripe Triangle 2022/12/542绿显电子科技 http:/Pixel Structure of TFT LCDs2022/12/543绿显电子科技 http:/Cs on Common 與 Cs on Gate 架構液晶畫素TFTGate LineData LineCsCs液晶畫素TFTCommonCommonGate LineData LineCsCs Cs on CommonCs on Gate2022/12/544绿显电子科技 http:/Timing Chart of TFT LCDsFrame TimeGate123NTime2022/12/545绿显电子科技 http:/TFT LCDs Driving MethodColumn InversionDot InversionRow InversionFrame Inversion2022/12/546绿显电子科技 http:/Direct Driving of TFT LCDs DC Bias of CommonGrayScale Voltage V0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V01 Frame/1 Line2022/12/547绿显电子科技 http:/AC Modulation Addressing of TFT LCDsV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V0Common WaveformGraylevel Voltage1Frame/1 Line2022/12/548绿显电子科技 http:/TFT LCDs 的電光效應Direct Addressing2022/12/549绿显电子科技 http:/TFT LCDs 的電光效應AC Addressing2022/12/550绿显电子科技 http:/TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Common(一)TFT LCD 驅動波形(Cs on Common,Common=DC Bias)2022/12/551绿显电子科技 http:/TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Common(二)2022/12/552绿显电子科技 http:/TFT LCDs Driving Waveform Cs on Gate 2022/12/553绿显电子科技 http:/TFT 電容效應的影響PixelCgdCgsCsdCsdbCsdb2022/12/554绿显电子科技 http:/液晶電容的效應液晶電容 CLC 會隨液晶作用電壓的改變而變化，因此在驅動液晶時會有殘存的 DC 成份，其所造成的影響：Image Sticking.Picture Flicker.液晶作用電壓大時，液晶分子趨向平行電場方向排列：液晶作用電場小時，液晶分子趨向垂直電場方向排列：2022/12/555绿显电子科技 http:/二階驅動方式的效應CsClcCgdCsdCgsVctCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vs垂直影像訊號水平掃描訊號Vg水平掃描訊號VgVshVslVstVthVth正極性驅動負極性驅動負極性驅動正極性驅動資料驅動晶片輸出訊號電位液晶畫素電位Vct=Vst-VpVpBlack(+)White(+)White(+)Black(+)Black(-)Black(-)White(-)White(-)2022/12/556绿显电子科技 http:/TFT 補償驅動法Ch(N-1)Ch(N)Vst=Vct影像訊號波形 Vs水平脈波掃描波形VgeVgeVghlCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vst影像訊號波形VsVge(+)Vge(-)VghlVghl3 Level Addressing4 Level Addressing2022/12/557绿显电子科技 http:/3 Level AddressingB(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)正極性負極性Vst=VctB(+)B(-)W(+)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)Vp=CgdVghl/Ct正極性負極性正極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd負極性CsVge/CtCsVge/Ct2022/12/558绿显电子科技 http:/4 Level AddressingVst=VctB(+)B(-)B(-)B(+)W(+)W(+)W(-)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)Vp(+)Vp(-)Vp=CgdVghl/CtCsVge(-)/CtCsVge(+)/Ct正極性負極性正極性負極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd2022/12/559绿显电子科技 http:/Cs on Gate 電壓補償方式經由 Cs 將前一條水平脈波的補償波形耦合到動作的液晶畫素,補償 Cgd 造成的電壓漂移及改善液晶畫素內的直流電電壓殘餘.經由 TFT 的 Cgd 造成的電壓漂移經由 TFT 的 Cgd 造成的電壓漂移2022/12/560绿显电子科技 http:/Comparsion of Addressing Method2022/12/561绿显电子科技 http:/Horizontal Line CrosstalkABCscCscCscTFT SubstrateColor Filter Substrate2022/12/562绿显电子科技 http:/Horizontal Area CrosstalkAB2022/12/563绿显电子科技 http:/Vertical Area CrosstalkUpLowUpLow2022/12/564绿显电子科技 http:/Shading Crosstalk2022/12/565绿显电子科技 http:/Gate Pulse 的傳遞延遲Gate(Scan)Line 的等效阻抗為一連串的串聯 RC 網路，因此 Gate Pulse 在傳遞時會造成波形的傳遞延遲失真。RCRCRCRCN2022/12/566绿显电子科技 http:/液晶畫素邊際電場效應(一)Reverse Tilt畫素電極鄰近電極共通電極VPVLVAVA VL:Disclination DisappearedVP LC Threshold VoltageReverse Tilt 2022/12/567绿显电子科技 http:/液晶畫素邊際電場效應(二)TFT水平驅動電極垂直驅動電極RubbingDirectionDisclinationLineReverse TiltDomain改善方法1.增加液晶分子的 預傾角(Pretilt Angle)2.增加 Black Mask 的 遮蔽面積2022/12/568绿显电子科技 http:/驅動 IC Scan DriverBidirectional Shift RegisterLevel Shift CircuitOutput BufferG1 G2 G3.STVRSTVLCPVR/LVDDDVSSDVDDAVSSASTVRSTVLG1G2Gx2022/12/569绿显电子科技 http:/Serial In Serial Out Analog Data DriverSelectData jData j+1MultiplexerPro:Very simple.Fewer external connections.Con:Many analog inputs.Reduced pixel charging time.System Note:Sample clock:(Dot clock)/N,N Phases.Video Phase:NShift RegisterVideo InQiQi+1Variation on MultiplexerPro:Video Input.Con:Fast data line charging needed.Reduced pixel charging time.System Note:Shift Clock:(Dot Clock)/3 for Mono.Video Phase:3 for Mono.Sample and Hold2022/12/570绿显电子科技 http:/Serial In Parallel OutAnalog Data Driver(一)Shift RegisterQiQi+1Qi+2Qi+3Video InTransferDouble Sample and Hold/Single PhaseSample NSample N+1Sample N+2TTTNN+1N+2Out N-1Out NOut N+1Pro:Video Input.Small load on fast sample-and-holds.Full line time to charge pixel.Con:Complex analog circuit.Physical size.System Note:Shift Clock:Dot Clock.Video Phase:Single Phase.2022/12/571绿显电子科技 http:/Serial In Parallel OutAnalog Data Driver(二)Shift RegisterQiQi+1Video InTransferDouble Sample and Hold/Multi-PhasePor:Reduced operation frequency.System Note:Video In:NVideo Phase:NShift Clock:(Dot Clock)/N.2022/12/572绿显电子科技 http:/Digital Data Driver(一)Shift RegisterDACDACDACDACDAC Serial Data BusDigital-to-analog ConvertersPor:Digital input.Con:Complex.Requires sufficient precision to correct for LC response variation.Shift RegisterCount Count Count Count CountRamp InSampled RampPor:Digital input.Programmable ramp.Con:Complex circuit.High speed digital circuits.Reduced pixel charging time.2022/12/573绿显电子科技 http:/Digital Data Driver(二)Shift RegisterDecodeDecodeExternal Fixed voltages1-of-n SelectorSimple DACPro:Digital input.Programmable external voltages.Con:Complex circuit.High speed digital circuits.Many pass gates per data line.2022/12/574绿显电子科技 http:/Digital Data Driver(三)All Digital Circuit 2022/12/575绿显电子科技 http:/Gamma Correction of LCDXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機測受像機測Analog Correction:2 3 Segment Approach.Digital Correction:External fixed voltage.2022/12/576绿显电子科技 http:/Gamma Correction Simple CaseXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機測受像機測TransmissionVoltage2022/12/577绿显电子科技 http:/The Block Diagram of the TFT LCD ModuleCCFL BacklightTFT-LCDPANELTiming ControllerScan DriverData DriverRGBCLKHsxVsxTFTLCD Module2022/12/578绿显电子科技 http:/The TFT LCD Module TypeClassified into two kinds by data driverAnalog type TFT-LCD moduleThe analog data driversThe analog interface to PCOnly NECDigital type TFT-LCD moduleThe digital data driversThe ADC/LVDS/PanelLink interface to PCMainstream2022/12/579绿显电子科技 http:/The Analog InterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTiming ControllerScan DriverAnalog Data DriverHsVsAnalogRGBAnalogRGBCLKHsxVsxPreAmpLevelShifterControllerPLLPCAnalog ModuleTFTLCD ModuleOSDCCFL Backlight2022/12/580绿显电子科技 http:/The ADC InterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTiming ControllerScan DriverDigital Data DriverHsVsAnalogRGBDigitalRGBCLKHsxVsxADCBufferControllerPLLPCADC ModuleTFTLCD ModuleOSDCCFL Backlight2022/12/581绿显电子科技 http:/The LVDS/PanelLink InterfaceGraphicsControllerLVDS/PanelLinkTxLVDS/PanelLinkRxTFT-LCDPANELTiming ControllerScan DriverCABLEClockHsVsDigitalRGBDigitalRGBClockHsVsPCTFT-LCD ModuleDigital Data DriverCCFL Backlight2022/12/582绿显电子科技 http:/Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkAnalog InterfaceTrue ColorSampling Error Low Edge SharpnessNoise in the Analog Signal Transmission2022/12/583绿显电子科技 http:/Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkADC InterfaceMainstream in the Desktop LCD Monitor InterfaceSampling Error Low Edge SharpnessNoise in the Analog Signal TransmissionEMI Issue for High Resolution FormatLow Image Quality and High Cost2022/12/584绿显电子科技 http:/Analog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkLVDS InterfaceMainstream in the Notebook PC InterfaceHigh Edge SharpnessReducing EMI&Number of Cable LineHigh Image Quality and Low CostShort Transmission Length&Low Noise MarginCompatible Issue2022/12/585绿显电子科技 http:/PanelLink InterfaceApplication in the Desktop LCD Monitor InterfaceHigh Edge SharpnessReducing EMI&Number of Cable LineHigh Image Quality and Low CostSecond Supply Source IssueAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLink2022/12/586绿显电子科技 http:/大面積高解析度 TFT LCDs 的開口率影響因素大尺寸面積增加水平驅動電極阻值增加水平驅動波形的時間常數增加水平掃描線減少液晶畫素的有效充放電時間增加解析度增加 Cgd/CLC的比值增加 Vgd 增加 Reverse Tilt Domain 與畫素面積的比例增加 Black Matrix 的遮蔽面積降低畫面品質增加水平驅動電極的寬度增加 TFT 的尺寸增加儲存電容 CS 的面積降低開口率2022/12/587绿显电子科技 http:/Plasma Addressing LCDsCathode-200VAnode0-200Negative ClowPositive ColumnFaraday DarkCathodeAnode-200V VirtualConnectionSamplingCapacitorAnalogSignal2022/12/588绿显电子科技 http:/In-Plane-Switch Mode LCDs偏光版解偏版液晶分子作用電極玻璃基板入射光作用電場方向出射光之極化狀態 未加電場OFF 狀態 施加電場ON 狀態出射光2022/12/589绿显电子科技 http:/Vertical Alignment Mode LCDs未加電場OFF 狀態施加電場ON 狀態入射光偏光板液晶分子玻璃基板出射光之極化狀態解偏板出射光2022/12/590绿显电子科技 http:/Comparison of Liquid Crystal ModesStrongly dependent on viewing angle低驅動電壓視角窄小Off(White)On(Black)Slightly dependent on viewing angle廣視角液晶反應速度慢Off(Black)On(White)畫面對比低畫面品質差Slightly dependent on viewing angle畫面對比高廣視角Off(Black)On(White)液晶反應速度快彩色畫面顯像佳TNIPSVA2022/12/591绿显电子科技 http:/