科技英文翻译和写作简介.ppt

科技英文翻译和写作简介 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望1）物称表达法）物称表达法It can be concluded that the experiment was afailure.2）大量使用名词化结构；）大量使用名词化结构；3）广泛使用被动句；）广泛使用被动句；a.Thedirectionalmotionofvehicleiscontrolledbyasteeringsystem.b.Attentionmustbepaidtotheworkingtemperatureoftheelectricmachine.c.Whenignited,theexothermicreactionreachestheweldingtemperaturewithinafewseconds.d.Cylindersleevesareusedinengineblockstoprovideahardwearingmaterialforpistonsandpistonrings.1.语言结构特点语言结构特点4）后置定语很常见；）后置定语很常见；Theconnectingrod,inessence,isabarorstrutwithabearingateachend,whosepurposeistotransmitthepistonthrusttothecrankshaft.5）名词连用名词连用puterprogrammingteachingdevicemanual6）使用复合句与缩略词；）使用复合句与缩略词；7）经常使用长难句；）经常使用长难句；Anautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.ItisquiteplausiblethatitisbecauseofthisattitudethattheUnitedStatescontinuestolagbehindJapaninimprovingmanufacturingproductivity.8）用图标和公式等非语言因素表达思想。）用图标和公式等非语言因素表达思想。9）有时采用日常用语。）有时采用日常用语。Aparadoxofmanufacturingpartsisthatthefasterthepartsaremade,thelessaccuratetheyare-andviceversa.（1）熟读原文，了解大意；）熟读原文，了解大意；（2）辩明语法关系，搞清逻辑关系；）辩明语法关系，搞清逻辑关系；2.科技英汉翻译步骤科技英汉翻译步骤 a.Thefuelsystemtakesacorrectlyproportionedmixtureofgasolineandairtoburnanddevelopsthepowerneededtopushthepistondownthecylinder.Tostore,mix,anddeliverthisair-fuelmixtureisthedutyofthefuelsystem.b.Frontaxleisusedforsteeringfrontwheelscarriedonstubaxleswivelinguponkingpinsattheaxleextremities.（3）确定多义词的词义；）确定多义词的词义；a.Gasolinepowersthemajorityofvehicles,butdieselfuelisusedinsomevehicles.b.b.Variousspeedsmaybeobtainedbytheuseoflargeandsmallpulleys.c.PresstheINVkeyandyoucanraisetheconstante(2.7182818)toxpowers.（4）选择合适的翻译技巧遣词造句，重述原文内容；）选择合适的翻译技巧遣词造句，重述原文内容；a.Internetisofgreathelptoourwork.b.MankindhasalwaysreverencedwhatTennysoncall“theusefultroubleoftherain”.d.Wehaveprogressedalongwayfromtheearlydaysofaerialsurveys.e.Inspiteofthegrowthofotherkindsoftransport,railroadscontinuetobe,astheyusedtobeoveryears,thebackdboneofthetransportationindustry.f.Themapsaresymbolicofthousandsofdatapointsstoredincontrolunitmemory.c.Infact,itmaybesaidthatanythingthatisnotananimalorvegetableismineral.（5)5)通读译文、修改、定稿。通读译文、修改、定稿。g.Assoonasthepistonreachesthetopoftheexhauststroke,itstartsdownonanotherintake,compression,power,andexhaustcycle.h.Intheelectronicinjectionsystem,theair-fuelmixtureiscontrolledinoneoftwoways.3.科技英语论文写作科技英语论文写作1）英语写作一般知识简介）英语写作一般知识简介2）写作的基本理论和技巧）写作的基本理论和技巧标题（标题（Title或或Topic）作者的姓名（作者的姓名（AuthorsName）论文作者的工作单位（论文作者的工作单位（Institution）论文摘要（论文摘要（Abstract或或Summary）论文的内容目录（论文的内容目录（Contents）论文内容本身（论文内容本身（Text）引言（引言（Introduction）正文正文 结论或结束语（结论或结束语（Conclusion(s)）及建议等）及建议等 附录（附录（Appendix）致谢（致谢（Acknowledgement(s)）作者简介（作者简介（Biography）4.科技英语论文的组成部分科技英语论文的组成部分b.Somebody(1990)gaveatheoreticaloverviewof,butc.However,thesestudieswerelimitedto近期进展情况分析：近期进展情况分析：d.Themethodworkedwellate.Themodelsofhasrecentlyreceivedconsiderableattention.f.Inthelastdecade,severalapproachesofwereindependentlyproposed.g.Thestudyofwasinvogueforseveralyearsuntil对他人研究成果、观点的评估：对他人研究成果、观点的评估：a.Bythelate1980s,researchershasstartedscientificworkonWhatarethechancesofanuclearwarinthenearfuture?HowmanyAmericanswouldsurviveanuclearattack?Wouldsuchanattackmakelivingconditionsimpossibleforthesurvivors?Theseandsimilarquestionsarebeingaskedbycitizensgroupsthroughoutthiscountryastheydebatetheissueofarmscontrolandnucleardisarmament.Thesetwonewwindmilldesignswill,ofcourse,have an even more importantimpact on the energy industry in thefuture.Although these two designs mayneverbeusedonalargescale,theirimpactmaybefeltthroughinfluencingthedesignofevenmoreefficientmodelsintheyearsahead.GratefulacknowledgementismadetoAspecialgratitudeisexpressedtoThanksmustbegiventoFundingforthisworkwasprovidedbytheMinistryofEnergyandResources.The work was supported by National ScienceFoundationofChina IdliketoacknowledgeComputerImitationSystemforInvestigationoftheFeasibilitiesofPrimaryStudyonMathematicalModelofStudyonTorsionalVibrationAnalysisofICECrankshaft.DevelopmentofAutomobileElectronicsandDomesticApplication.ASimulationOptimizationMethodforAutomotiveCoolingSystemMicroprocessorsinTransport CurrentStatusandDevelopingTrendsof使用名词短语或非限定动词短语作为论文的标题使用名词短语或非限定动词短语作为论文的标题 摘要的特点：摘要的特点：篇幅短小篇幅短小语言精炼语言精炼用词规范用词规范概括完整概括完整内容具体内容具体独立成文独立成文 文文摘摘包包括括：研研究究目目的的、研研究究对对象象、研研究究方方法法、研研究究结结果、所得结论、结论的使用范围果、所得结论、结论的使用范围等。等。Thispaperpresents/discusses/studies/dealswith/investigatesThispaperpresentsananalysisofprinciplesofmagneticrefrigerationwithapplicationtoairconditioning.Acomparisonwithconventionalevaporation-condensationgascycledeviceispresented.Conclusionsconcerningtheapplicabilityofmagneticrefrigerationtoairconditioningaremade.Thesmartandlight,numericaldesigningandmachining,automationinperformancetestetc.representsthedevelopmentorientationforautomobilestarters.Inthispaper,principleisintroducedforthestarterwithgearspeedreducerwhichleadsthemajorityinstarterproductsnowadays.Thestateoftheartinresearchanddevelopmentforautomobilestartersbycomputer-aidedengineeringtechnologyisoverviewed.Newresearchtopicsarebroughtforthatlastfromourenterprisesrealities.5 5英文摘要的写作英文摘要的写作 1 1）英文摘要的种类与特点）英文摘要的种类与特点 随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要；随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要；学术会议论文摘要；学术会议论文摘要；学位论文摘要；学位论文摘要；脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。TitleAuthor(s),addressObjectives,purpose,hypotheses.Methods,materials,procedures.Results,data,observations,discussion.Conclusions .2 2）英文摘要的组成部分）英文摘要的组成部分a.Thispaperisperformedtostudythefree-vibrationcharacteristicsofengine crankshaft.b.Mostalternativefuelsforinternalcombustionengineshavelowcetanenumbers.(2)方法方法(methodsandmaterials)Twodigitalstraingaugepressuretransducersmeasuredthevaporpressureoftheupstreamanddownstreamofthetesttube.Thisexperimentwasperformedbytestingthevibrationofautomobilebody/suspension(1)目的目的(objectives，purposes)Theseresultsappeartorefutetheoriginalassumptions.(4)结论结论(conclusions)Itwasconcludedthat/Itcanbeconcludedthat/ItisdeterminedthatItcanbeconcludedthatthenewdiagnosismethodisfeasiblethroughtheoryanalysisandexperimentson12V180typedieselengine.(3)结果与简短讨论结果与简短讨论(resultsanddiscussions)TitleAuthor(s),addressBackground,problemsthatneedtobesolved,rationaleforthepresentstudy.Objectivesandscopeofthisstudy.Outlineofthemaincontentsandresults.Conclusions:.（1 1）采用正规的英语和标准的术语；采用正规的英语和标准的术语；（2 2）谓谓语语动动词词很很简简单单而而句句子子的的其其余余成成分分却却十十分分复杂；复杂；（3 3）大量使用）大量使用be和和have的变化形式做谓语动词；的变化形式做谓语动词；（4 4）使用不提及人的陈述句。）使用不提及人的陈述句。（5 5）描述自己的工作）描述自己的工作时态时态用用过过去去时时或完成或完成时时，但但陈陈述理述理论论或事或事实实要用要用现现在在时时。3 3）英文摘要的写作特点）英文摘要的写作特点4）撰写摘要的要点）撰写摘要的要点（1）英文文摘题目（）英文文摘题目（Title）的第一个单词不得用）的第一个单词不得用The、An或或A，摘要的第一句不可与题目重复；，摘要的第一句不可与题目重复；（2）取消或减少背景信息）取消或减少背景信息;（3）尽量简化措辞）尽量简化措辞;（4）可用动词的场合，尽量避免使用动词的名词形式；）可用动词的场合，尽量避免使用动词的名词形式；（5）注意冠词用法）注意冠词用法;（6）避免使用长系列形容词或名词来修饰名词）避免使用长系列形容词或名词来修饰名词;（7）用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。）用重要的事实开头，尽量避免用辅助从句开头。Powerconsumptionoftelephoneswitchingsystemwasdeterminedfromdataobtainedexperimentally.concernstestsinvestigatesreportsdiscussesdescribesexplainsanalyzesdeterminesdemonstrateconsidersThispaperThisstudyThisprojectThisresearchOurprojectThissurvey5）摘要中的常用句型）摘要中的常用句型 （1 1）描述目的）描述目的 b.Thispaperresearchedonthemoreinjectionseffect on engine performance and emissionexperimentallyandtheoretically.c.Thispaperstudiedtheapplicationofwavelettransforminsignaldenoise.a.Thispaperdiscussesthebasicidentificationtechniquesofdynamicsystems.Theobjectiveofthispaperistoanalyzetheperformanceofactiveandpassivesuspensions.ThegoalofthisstudyistodiscussTheaimofthispaperistoevaluateThepurposeofthisprojectistoexamineTheobjectiveofthisresearchistotestthissurveyinvestigate/measure/demonstrate/analyze/determinea.This study aims to discuss theinfluenceoftheparametersofsuspension system on the smoothnessandoperatingstabilityofthewholecar.ThisresearchisdesignedtodetermineThisstudyisdesignedtomeasureThisprojectisdesignedtoevaluateOurprojectaimstocalculatea.Multiplefaultsofinjectorweresimulatedontheexperimentaltable,andacousticsignalsthatsentoutbyworkingdieselwerecollectedoverthecylinderhead.Usingwaveletandneuralnetworktechnology,thispaperanalyzedtheacousticsignalsindetailanddiagnosedthedifferentfaultssuccessfully.b.Theexperimentalsystemwascomposedoffourparts,i.e.indirectlyelectricalheatedfurnace,pyrolysisreactor,onlinesamplecollectedanalyzer,andgascondenser&collector.（2）描述方法）描述方法ResultsindicatedWefoundthatTheresultsshowedthatDatasuggestedthatItisshownthatItcanbeconcludedthatTheexamination/investigationsprovesthatThispaperthenconcludesthatFromthetableitcanbeseen/concludedthatFromthefiguresitmaybeestimated/calculated/inferredthatItfollowsfromwhathasbeensaidthat （3）描述）描述结结果果Themeasuringinstrumentsweredefective;accordingly/hence/consequentlytheexperimentwasafailure.Theresultsshowthattheerrorofestimatedvalueofboththrottlepositionsensorandmanifoldpressuresensorarelessthan10%,andthestrategyputforwardinthispaperisvalid.Exercises1.Readandanalyzethefollowingabstractandpointouttheobjective,methods,resultsanddiscussion.AHybridInternalCombustionEngine/Battery Electric Passenger Car for Petroleum Displacement I.Forster and J.R.BumbyThispaperexaminesthepotentialofthehybridelectricvehicleinsubstitutingpetroleumfuelbybroad-basedelectricalenergy.Inparticularahybridcarisconsidered.Thewayinwhichthepower-traincanbecontrolledandtheeffectcomponentratingshaveonachievingthepetroleumsubstitutionobjectivearedescribed.Itisshownthatahybridvehiclecanbedesignedthatcanachieveapetroleumsubstitutionofbetween20and70percentoftheequivalentinternalcombustionenginevehicle.Inaddition,itwillbecapableofenteringenvironmentallysensitiveareasandyetbecapableofarangeathighandintermediatespeedsthatislimitedonlybythesizeofitsfueltank.Purpose:_Methodsandmaterials:_ResultsandDiscussion:_2.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoEnglishorChinese.1)针对某种型号客车针对某种型号客车(passengerscar)的空气悬架的空气悬架(airsuspension)的重要部件的重要部件弹簧支架弹簧支架(springbracket)进进行了有限元行了有限元(FEA)分析。分析。2)通过实例验证了该方法的工程应用价值。通过实例验证了该方法的工程应用价值。3)Acalculationprocedureofthetorsionalvibrationofinternalcombustionengineshaftingsystemwasdeveloped.