商务英语 中西方酒文化的差异分析.doc

北京理工大学珠海学院2011届本科生毕业论文Analysis of the Differences betweenChinese and Western Wine Culture学 院： 外国语学院专 业：姓 名：指导老师：商 务 英 语张 彩 峰学 号：职 称：161005103935张 敏讲 师中国·珠海二二 年 五 月北京理工大学珠海学院2020届本科生毕业论文毕业论文诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺：我所呈交的毕业论文 Analysis of the Differences between Chinese and Western Wine Culture是在指导教师的指导下，独立开展研究或调查所取得的成果，文中引用他人的观点和材料，均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献，文中所使用的数据真实可靠。承诺人签名： 日期： 年 月 日 Analysis of the Differences betweenChinese and Western Wine Culture AbstractWith the development and change of times, wine is not only the representative of drinks, but also carries rich and profound cultural connotation. Eventually, drinking has gradually evolved into a kind of special culture. Based on the various cultural backgrounds, drinking cultures also differ among ethnic groups. China and the west have become the two leaders showing their own uniqueness. In modern time, countries all over the world are increasingly interconnected because of globalization. It is a pity that international correspondent is always accompanied with countless failures and misunderstanding for the different wine culture. This paper will make a comparison of drinking cultures both in material and spiritual levels between Chinese and Western, show the unique charm of their different wine cultures to you and stimulate the cross-cultural communication and exchanges.Keywords: wine, drinking cultures, differences, comparison 中西方酒文化的差异分析摘 要酒作为饮品界的代表，随着时代的发展，经过历史的长河的冲刷和积淀，不再局限于一种客观物质的存在，而是演变成了一种特殊的文化，承载着丰富而深刻的内涵。在丰富多样的文化背景下，不同国家种族的饮酒文化也有所不同,尤其以中国和西方为典型。现如今是一个全球化的社会，世界各国的联系日益紧密，在国际交往中，不同文化礼节差异导致的误解和失败情况比比皆是，令人扼腕。本文将从物质及精神两个不同的层面，来对中西方的酒文化进行比较，追本溯源，为大家展现属于东西方不同酒种的独特魅力，促进跨文化的沟通和交流。 关键词：酒；饮酒文化；差异；比较IIContentsAbstract摘 要Introduction11 The Origins of Wine21.1 The Legend of Chinese Wine21.2 The Legend of Western Wine22 The Differences of Material Culture42.1 The Materials of Chinese Alcohol42.2 The Materials of Western Wine43 The Differences of Spiritual Culture63.1 The Purpose of Drinking63.1.1 The Connection of Wine and Politics63.1.2 The Connection of Wine and Literature73.2 The Etiquette of Drinking83.2.1 The Etiquette in China83.2.2 The Etiquette in Western83.3 The Special Drinking Culture in China9Conclusion11References12Acknowledgments13IntroductionOnce we refer to drinks, as the representative, the wine cannot be forgotten. Here we change a word, alcohol, to express a general meaning which can cover all in the world. We can find the definition of alcohol from the web or dictionary. Alcohol is a kind of colorless volatile flammable liquid produced by the natural fermentation of sugars and is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks. Whats more, it can also be used as an industrial solvent and as fuel. How can a common drink be gifted a great number of meanings and become a kind of culture eventually? A part of people do not agree with this view. In their opinions, wine is just an evil which will harm health, induce people to lose their minds and ruin lives in the end. It is impossible for us to refute their arguments entirely. After all, we have to admit that when wine addiction happened unfortunately, it will really corrupt someone who is weak-minded and even influence people around him or her. However, this can also be listed as a proof of its material charming. No wonder a number of people are conquered by wine and being indulged in it.As a representative of drink, wine absolutely has its unique charming to attract people and win admiration. Besides the material level, spiritual symbol is another main reason to help it reach the top. From ancient to modern, wine has experienced thousands of years along with human being and permeated every aspect in peoples daily life. During its development, wine has been connected with religions, literature, politics, and interpersonal relationships and so on. It is no surprise that wine can evolve into a kind of culture with a lot of connotations. When it comes to the cultural level, peoples recognitions and acts become more important. Misunderstanding is very common because of the cultural differences among different countries. Wine cannot be an exception. It may lead a loss of a big deal in business or cause a disharmony in diplomatic relations, and even break out a war. In this world there are diverse and separate regions, and this fact gives birth to various ethnic groups. Where there is human living, there will develop its own culture. In consequence, based on the colorful cultural background, the wine cultures are also diverse around the world. Generally speaking, we will classify them into two groups, the East and the West. Here we will compare it between China and the west. Looking forward to what two different wine cultures will bring to us.1 The Origins of Wine1.1 The Legend of Chinese Wine China is the first country to make wine in the world. With a long history and profound culture, how can you know who is the first man to create this technique? There are a great number of legends spreading in the folks while no one is able to give an exact statement. Here I will introduce several popular versions to you.At an early stage, although countries had not come into being at that time, there were various alcohol brewing technologies in the folks. It was Yi Di who summarized these methods and handed out to the generations. In the Xia Dynasty, Yi Di was ordered by the emperors wife to monitor those craftsmen who were trying to make alcohol. He put his whole heart in it and was successful eventually. The intoxicating alcohol was praised a lot after being presented to the emperor, Yu. However, another comment also appeared in Yus mind: there was no doubt that those weak-minded rulers would ruin their countries in the future because of alcohol addiction. Consequently, Yi Di and the attractive drink became estranged from Yu at the same time.The other story is more concise and popular than the former. As we all know, alcohol is also called Dukang by Chinese especially in ancient China or in literature. As a Chinese, you must know Cao Cao's verses-“What can relieve my worries? Only Dukang can do it.” It is said that a person who named Du Kang left his millets in the tree hole accidently one day. Fourteen days later, he surprisingly found that the millet had turned into fragrant alcohol. Since then, inspired by this discovery, he began to make alcohol. This is the reason why his name is always associated with alcohol. 1.2 The Legend of Western WineDifferent from Chinese legends, grapes have played a critical role in the west.Once upon a time, a king in Persia had a fancy for eating grapes. Being afraid others would steal his favorite, he hid all grapes in a sealed container as well as labeled it as poison in order to threaten people. Day by day, one of his wives wanted to end up her life for she had become bored of this world. She saw the “poisonous liquid” which was changed from hidden grapes and drank it. To her great surprise, not only did she still alive, but also found the drink was unexpectedly delicious intoxicating, making her very inspired and enthusiastic. Having been hopeful again, she invited the king to taste this magical drink together and undoubtedly earned his praise. From that time on, the drink had gained a special namewine, with a wide appreciation in western countries.The origin of wine in western still has a romantic love story which happened on Dionysus, one of the twelve Olympians in ancient Greek mythology. Dionysus is a son of Zeus and Semele. It is a pity that he was still a baby when his mother Semele was framed to death by the Queen Hera, who was the wedded wife of Zeus. Being raised up by fairies who lived in the forest, Dionysus enjoyed freedom and preferred to wonder in the valley with a wreath made from grapevine and ivy on his head. As he gradually grew up and became a handsome youngster, Dionysus fell in love with Ampelos as soon as he saw this glowing teenager. They really had a wonderful time which been described and lauded a lot in poems. To our sorrow, all beautiful things in the world are destined not to last too long. Ampelos lost his life forever in an accident. In the end, thearchies turned the youngster Ampelos into a grape vine in order to show their sympathy to comfort sorrowful Dionysus. Dionysus excitedly accepted the vine of glory which was sacred for him and made out of the precious wine from it. Sometimes he would tour from one country to another, teaching people how to plant grapes and brew grape wine to memorize his lover. After harvesting grapes and squeezing them into wine, a wine ceremony would be held to end this harvest feast. Eventually, Dionysus has become a proper noun which means the god of wine.2 The Differences of Material Culture2.1 The Materials of Chinese AlcoholHaving read above legends, you are able to notice that most Chinese alcohol is made from grains while Western wine is always associated with grapes. Material difference is one of great perspectives to classify and know further about alcohol both in China and the west.The representatives of Chinese alcohol can be classified into two groups: one is liquor and spirits and the other is yellow rice wine. We can distinguish them from the brewing process: the former is distilled spirits and the latter is fermented wine. There are still some differences between Chinese spirits and yellow rice wine in materials. Almost every kind of grain can be used to brew our liquor and spirits such as wheat, rice, corn, sorghum, glutinous rice and so on. For the yellow rice wine, generally speaking, it was fermented from glutinous rice, rice or japonica rice. With a long history background, yellow rice wine is a special brewed wine in China. It is famous in the world for its rich nutrition and various functions of health maintenance. Influenced by the geography and climate, Chinese living and eating habits are certainly different from western. Ancient China is an agricultural country equipped with a vast territory, rich and comfortable climate which is suitable for grains growing so that people in China are self-efficient. There is no doubt that people will seek and create innovative eating ways they have never experienced before when they do not need to worry about their hunger problems as well as be full of energy.2.2 The Materials of Western WineHere comes the western culture. Western civilization was born in ancient Greece located in the Balkans where the geography and climate were not so good for any grains. Compared with Chinese agriculture civilization, most western countries are possessed with plenty of coastlines which gave birth to the marine civilization eventually. Although most grains in China cannot grow well in the west because of the oceanic climate, there are other substitute plants and animals living in that land to make up of this colorful and vivid world. The most obvious instance in this paper is the fruitgrape. Believe it or not, in ancient Greece, the wine and olive oil had been mass produced because of the sufficient material and became the main economic lifeline at that time. So nowadays we have the saying that the civilization of Athens was built on wine and olive oil. Consequently, we can see that the wine from the west is mainly made from fruits especially the rape grapes. The most typical and famous alcohol in the west are French wine and brandy.Refer to the wine, there must be two colors appearing in your mind: red and white. So what are the differences between them? Are the materials of them same or not? Lets see.Some friends may think red wine is made from red grapes while white wine is made from white grapes. The answer is yes and no. Actually speaking, this statement is not exactly right. If you squeeze the pulp of red and white grapes respectively, making two bottles of grape juice, you will surprisingly find both of them are colorless. To be frank, what play a decisive role in the color are their grape skins which are rich in pigment. Thus, you can know that the red wine is fermented from red grapes along with their skins and pips so that it has been given so charming colors such as crimson and ruby. How about the white wine? Obviously, it is fermented from white grapes or red grapes juice without skin causing the yellow or golden, very clear liquid.3 The Differences of Spiritual Culture3.1 The Purpose of Drinking3.1.1 The Connection of Wine and PoliticsIn China, the history of wine is almost as long as that of human being. Chinese had mastered the technology of making wine long before Chinese characters were developed. With the development of times, the wine has gradually evolved into a unique culture. And in ancient society, the political power is regarded as core by people especially for those officials. Influenced by the political ideology, the meanings of brewing and drinking in peoples mind are far beyond these behaviors and substance themselves. There were ten famous wine boards in ancient China, six of which were related to politics. On no account can we deny the significance of wine in ancient politics.Release for a cup of wine. This is a famous historical story which happened in the Song Dynasty. The protagonist-Zhao Kuangyin, was the emperor of Northern Song Dynasty. After unifying the nation and establish a new regime, he was afraid those ambitious soldiers would overthrow his rule just like what he had done before. He was eager to know if there are any ways to strengthen his centralized power and make his stable domination as long as possible. Worrying about this question all day, he summoned Zhao Pu, the prime minister, and asked him about it. Zhao Pu believed it was the excessive military power held in generals that causing former historical tragedies. It seemed that the emperor could not agree more. Before long, Zhao invited his generals to the palace dinner. The atmosphere was very enjoyable until the emperor raised a glass of wine and sighed, expressing his worry and admiration to everyone in this banquet. Those generals had become nervous and instantly got the real information hidden behind the words that the ruler was in fear of their military power so he decided to take it back. The implication was so clear that they could do nothing but obey the order. At last, Zhao weakened generals power successfully for they have taken the initiative to return troops.This is a typical example that wine was regarded as a strategic instrument to stabilize political power by the ruler. Besides it, Chinese wine is also be used to att