Module12词汇语法复习总结练习--外研版英语八年级上册.docx

外研八上Module 12【重点单词】1、brokenadj.破碎的_ _ _2、glassn.玻璃_ _ _3、stairsn.楼梯;梯级(stair的复数)_ _ _4、aidn.援助;帮助_ _ _5、firstaid急救_ _ _6、medicaladj.医学的;医疗的_ _ _7、imaginevi.想像;设想_ _ _8、bottomn.底部;下端_ _ _9、atthebottomof在.的底部_ _ _10、wrongadj.错误的;有毛病的_ _ _adv.错误地;不正确地_ _ _11、Whatswrongwith?怎么了?_ _ _12、troublen.麻烦;烦恼;困难_ _ _13、lift举起;提起;抬起n.电梯_ _ _14、liftup抬起;提起_ _ _15、harmfuladj.有害的_ _ _16、dropvt.投下;使落下_ _ _17、trainingn.训练;培训_ _ _18、makesure确保;确认_ _ _19、coverv.盖;盖上_ _ _20、earthquaken.地震_ _ _21、warnvt.警告，告诫_ _ _22、insiden.里面;内部;_ _ _adv.在里面;prep.在.里面adj.里面的;内部的_ _ _23、underprep.在.正下方;在.下面_ _ _24、windown.窗;窗户_ _ _25、keepvt.保持;留在_ _ _26、clearadj.不和.接触的;不挨.太近的;_ _ _v.清除;清理;移走_ _ _27、keepclearof不和.接触_ _ _28、calmadj.镇静的，沉着的_ _ _29、braveadj.勇敢的;无畏的_ _ _30、helpfuladj.提供帮助的;有用的_ _ _31、powern.电力_ _ _【重点短语】1. broken glass  碎玻璃  2. first aid  急救3. medical help  医疗救助  4. at the bottom of  在底部5. in pain  处在疼痛中 6. first of all  首先 7. find out  查明 8. lift up  抬起;提起9. make sure  确保;确认10. coverwith  用盖上11. stay away from  远离12. in an earthquake  在地震中13. in short  总之14. jump out of  从跳出15. above all  首要的是16. lie down  躺下17. in trouble  在困境中，有麻烦18. because of  由于19.run out of  从跑出来【短语归纳】1. stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停下来正在做的事情2. hang on 等等/别挂断    first aid  急救3. at the bottom of 在.的底部first of all 首先，第一4. have troubledifficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难、麻烦5. make sure确保、保证6. be harmful for =be bad for 对有害be helpful for对有帮助7. such   + n.   that   如此以至so + adj.adv.  that8. both两者都+V复either两者中的任何一个+V单neither两者都不+V单9. make noise 制造噪音make a sound 出声、发出声音10. hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事的全过程hearwatchnoticesee11. catch a cold感冒 =gethave a coldcatch a bus赶公共汽车 catch up with sb./sth.追赶某人/某物12. let sb. do sth.让某人做某事13. stay out待在外面14. jump out of 从.跳出run out of 从.跑出climb out of 从.爬出out of  从.出15. keep clear of 与.不接触、不靠近16. parts of  .的部分a part of  .的一部分17.be careful of 小心注意18. stay away from 离开，远离move away from 远离，走开，离开19. lift up 抬起，提起20. can开头提问：肯定回答：can 能、会否定回答：cant不能、不会May开头提问：肯定回答：can能/ may可以否定回答：mustnt 不准、不可以、不/ cant不能 / sorry对不起Must开头提问：肯定回答：must 必须否定回答：neednt不必情态动词的题一般根据翻译来做,有not sure一般用may/might(可能、也许),交通规则一般用mustnt（不准、不可以，用于表示禁止）22. rice milk coffee tea water juice 是不可数名词23. a few+可数名词复数： (表示肯定)a little +不可数名词： (表示肯定)few+可数名词复数：几乎没有.（表示否定）little+不可数名词：几乎没有（表示否定）24. warn sb. about sth. 警告某人某事25. shout for help 大声呼救run away from 从逃跑enjoy ones stay 喜欢停留keep calm 保持镇定、冷静in short 总之，简言之on a beach 在海滩上【重点句型】1. But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you. 但是他有可能很难听到你说话或者和你说话。2. Make him comfortable. 让他觉得舒服。3. Make sure he is warm. 确保他不受凉。4. Thats such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty! 那是个如此好的建议，以至于你都可以当医生了，贝蒂。5. In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks. 在山区，千万要小心滚石。6. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. 远离窗户和很重的家具。7. Keep calm, especially when youre with other people. 保持头脑清醒，特别是和别人在一起的时候。8. In short, follow what you learn in school. 总之，要严格按照你在学校学的去做。9. It cant / couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，校长去美国了。10. No smoking! 禁止吸烟！No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！11. Do not jump out of high buildings. 不要从高建筑物跳下。12. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking, but do not use the lift. 当地面停止晃动时，赶快离开建筑物，但不要乘电梯。13. What can we do to help him? 我们能做些什么帮助他？14. What to do in an earthquake? 在地震中需要做些什么？15. What should we do before help arrives? 在救援到来之前我们应该做些什么？16. Whats wrong with.? 怎么了？17. .have no idea about what to do.不知道该做什么。18. .have trouble doing.做有困难。19. It is difficult to do. 做是困难的。【知识点】1.First of all, find out whats wrong with him.首先,弄清楚他怎么了。 Whats wrong with? (怎么了?)=Whats the matter with?=Whats the trouble with?一般用于医生问病人病情或询问对方所遇到的麻烦事,with后可接表示人的名词也可接表示物的名词;wrong是形容词,意为“有毛病的,错误的” 。拓展:句型:There is something wrong with =Something is wrong with 有点毛病。(1)这个男孩怎么了?他摔断了腿。Whats wrong with/Whats the matter with the boy?He broke his leg. (2)我的手表出问题了。它不走了。Something is wrong with/There is something wrong with my watch.It doesnt work. 2.No, that could be harmful!不行,那可能会有伤害!harmful(adj.)意为“有害的”。短语be harmful to,意为“对有害”,相当于be bad for。harm (n.)意为“危害,害处”。短语do harm to sb./sth.,意为“对某人/某物有害”。 如:吸烟有害健康。 harmful to harm to Smoking is your health.=Smoking does your health. 3.Make sure hes warm.确保他不受凉。 make sure “确保,确认”, 一般用于祈使句,后接that 从句; make sure of确定,后跟名词或名词短语。如:(1)地震过后,首先确保他们是安全的。 make sure make sure of First, they are safe after the earthquake. (2)旅行前你应该确定好将要游览的地方。 You should the places youll visit before travelling. 4.Thats such good advice that you could be a doctor,Betty!这个建议非常好,贝蒂,你都可以当医生了!suchthat意为“如此以至于”。(1)such+a /an +形容词+可数名词单数+that(2)such+形容词+可数名词复数+that(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that区分:sothat如此以至于该结构只有一个句型: so +形容词或副词原级+that【学以致用】 such such so so such so(1)It is a tiny kitchen that only one person can cook in it. (2)They are nice people that we all like them. (3)He was weak that he could hardly stand up. (4)Everything happened quickly that I didnt have time to think. (5)He is a clever boy that we all like him. (6)She is young that she cant go to school. 5.Earthquakes always happen suddenly,so it is difficult to warn people about them.地震总是发生得很突然,所以很难给予人们预警。warn sb.about sth.意为“提醒/警告某人注意某事”。如:(1)我正要去海里游泳,这时宾馆里的人提醒我要注意天气。 warned me about I was going for a swim in the sea when the people in the hotel the weather. 拓展:warn sb.(not)to do sth.意为“告诫某人(不要)做某事”。(2)爸爸经常警告我晚上不要外出。 warns me not to go out Dad often at night. 6. Keep calm, especially when you are with other people.保持镇静,尤其是当你和别人在一起的时候。 keep 动词,“保持;留在”,keep calm 由“系动词+形容词”构成。其他既能作行为动词又能作系动词的动词还有 become, feel, look, seem 等。keep 的用法归纳:keep+形容词“保持某种状态”(keep calm)keep+ sth.+形容词“使某物保持某种状态”(keep our bedroom tidy)keep sth.“保管某物;养/饲养某物”(keep a cat)keep doing sth.“一直/坚持做某事”(keep studying hard)keep sb.doing sth.“使某人持续做某事”(keep me waiting)keep sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”(keep my father from smoking)keep clear of“不和接触”(keep clear of fire)keep away from“远离”(keep away from drugs)【学以致用】 CCAC( )(1)We should keep our classroom every day. A.to cleanB.cleaningC.clean D.cleans ( )(2) , he takes exercise for an hour every day. A.To keep healthilyB.Keep healthyC.To keep healthy D.Keeps healthy( )(3)Can I your book? Yes, you can.But you can only it for a week. A.borrow; keepB.keep; keepC.keep; borrowD.borrow; borrow( )(4)As we all know, it is not polite to keep others for a long time. waitB.to waitC.waitingD.to waiting祈使句和情态动词must，can，could表示推测 一、祈使句       祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。祈使句一般读降调，句末用”!”或”.”，常见的句型如下：     1.动词原形构成的祈使句      此类祈使句暗含的主语是you，但通常省略，谓语动词用原形。否定句以dont或never开头。祈使句的句首或句末有时加please，还可以加上称呼语，并用逗号与句子主体隔开。例如：Have a nice day!  祝你度过美好的一天。Dont waste your time!  别浪费时间了！Never be late again!  再也不要迟到了！Come this way, please.  请走这边。Please be quiet, boys!  男生们请安静！Make sure hes warm.  确保他不受凉。Dont use the lift.  不要使用电梯。2. let构成的祈使句let构成的祈使句由“Let +me/ us/ him/ her+动词原形”构成，该类祈使句往往用于请求允许(let us)或提出建议(lets)。例如：Let us have a try if you dont want to. (表示请求允许)如果你(们)不想(试),就让我们试试吧。Lets spend this weekend in the countryside. (表示提出建议)这周咱们到乡下度周末吧。注意：let us与lets引导祈使句的反意疑问句的区别：（1）let us do sth. 让(或允许)我们做某事；即提出请求，请对方允许，而对方不做，只有我们做。其反意疑问句用will you? Eg: Let us have a rest, will you? 让我们休息一下，好吗？（2）lets do sth. 咱们去做某事吧；即提出建议，劝诱对方一同做某事，反意疑问句用shall we? Eg: Lets go for a picnic, shall we? 咱们去野餐吧，好吗？3.无动词的祈使句在请求、命令和口令中，常用无动词祈使句，它实际上是省略了动词，从而使语句更简洁有力。Eg:Just a minute, please! 请稍等！This way, please! 请这边走！在某些指示牌上，常用“No+动名词名词”构成简略的否定祈使句。Eg:No smoking! 禁止抽烟！No parking! 禁止停车！No photos! 禁止拍照！ 二、情态动词must， can， could 表示推测1.情态动词can， could表示推测我们已学情态动词can (could) 表示“能够，可以” 等意义的用法。can和could还可以表示对现在或将来的推测，意为“会，可能”， 但can表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句。用于疑问句时，can比could表示的“可能性”要大；用于否定句时，cant意为“不可能”，表示否定的推测。例如：He wears glasses all the time, his eyesight cant be getting better.他一直带着眼镜，他的视力不可能在好转。could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实，在下列句中can和could均表示可能。例如：He could be in pain. 他可能很疼。That could be harmful.  那可能有害。Can/ Could this be true? 这有可能是真的吗？2.情态动词must表示推测情态动词must表示有把握的推测时，意为“一定，准是”，通常只用于肯定句。例如：Betty, you must know! 贝蒂，你肯定知道！3.表示有把握的推测时,肯定句用must (一定,肯定,准是),否定句用cant (不可能)。如:(1)长途步行之后你一定饿了。You must be hungry after a long walk.(2)你现在不可能觉得饿,因为你刚吃过饭。You cant be hungry because you have just had your dinner.4.表示把握不大的推测即可能性时,用can和may,表示“也许,可能”。may用于肯定句和否定句。can常用于疑问句和否定句。 may not 可能不; cant 不可能。如:(1)这消息也许是真的,也许不是真的。The news may or may not be true.(2)贝蒂会在哪里呢?Where can Betty be?Who sent the present? Can it be your brother?  (询问可能性)是谁送来的礼物啊?会是你哥哥吗?It must be your brother. （语气强烈，表示非常肯定）肯定是你哥哥。It cant be my brother. He is still in France.（表示不可能）不可能是我哥哥，他还在法国呢。( )1. Jeff, play around here. Your sister is asleep now.A. doesn't       B. not         C. no        D. don't( )2. kind and helpful to the people around us,and we will make the world a good place to live in.A. Be          B. Being       C. To be    D. To being( )3. -Look! The man at the gate  be our head teacher. He is always standing there every morning.-No, it be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.A. must; can't  B. must; mustn'tC. can't; can't  D. can't; mustn't( )4. Ms. Jones has been driving all day一she be tired.A. need       B. can       C. shall         D. must( )5. -1 have been to the moon three times.一You be joking! It's impossible!A. can B. may C. must D. need【答案】DAADC【语法专练】一、语法点单句特训。 BCCAB( )1.Someone is knocking at the door. it be Venis? No,it be her.She left for New York this morning. A.Must; cantB.Can; cantC.Could; mustntD.Must; may not( )2.You be happy with the strong public support youve received. Yes,youre right.Im really excited.A.mayB.can C.must D.need( )3. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? A.MayB.ShouldC.CouldD.Would( )4.Please look out of the window.Look at the blackboard. A.dont B.arentC.cant D.not( )5. up earlier tomorrow,or you wont catch the train. A.GettingB.GetC.To getD.To getting二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Lets (do)it at once, shall we? 2. (stand)higher,and you will see the house. 3. (not speak)with your mouth full of food and (be)polite. 4. (look)out! A car is coming. 5. (not give)a child a knife to play.Its dangerous. do ;Stand; Dont speak,be;Look Dont give Exercises一、 单项选择 1 What's _ with you，Tom?I have a cold. Atrouble       Bmatter  Cwrong     Dthe wrong2 Jim, be _ and try not to shout and cry.  Acareful      Bharmful  Cbrave       DAfraid3 I have some trouble _. What should I do?Asleep          Bto sleep  Csleeping      Dslept4 The headmaster warns us _ school rules, or we'll be punished. A to break      Bnot to breakCbreaking      Ddon't break5 Tom，_ the umbrella with you. Look at the clouds. It's going to rain!A taking      Btakes      CTake6 Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice. If farmers _start planting rice in salty water, China's food supply will surely rise. Acan      Bcan't      Cmust      Dmustn't7 Remember to _ the old buildings when there are earthquakes. A put away   Blaugh atCstay away from  Dstay up8 Please _ the tigers.It's dangerous to take photos with them. Oh，I see. Thank you. A keep clear of Btake offCget off      Dturn off9 It was _ lovely weather _ we decided to spend the day on the beach. A such a; that Bsuch; thatCsuch; as      Dso; that10 Could you tell me how to behave politely in public in the UK?Yes. _，you should keep your voice down and always queue. A. After all BFirst of all CIn all DAt all二、完形填空 1115：DDACA   1620：CBADCIf you often have a cold, headache or backache, there is something wrong with your health. Eating healthy food _11 good for our health. Tofu, milk and vegetables are healthy for us. Tofu is a kind of common _12 food. We often _13 it in China. Now more and more people _14 other countries think tofu is good for health, _15. They also like eating it. Milk is _16 kind of healthy food. Every day you should _17 one or two glasses of milk. It can keep us _18.Vegetables are very important. You should eat _19 them. They are nutritious(有营养的)As we know，it's important to keep a balanced diet(均衡饮食). We must have the right kinds of food. We should also eat some pork, chicken and beef. We should eat more fruit and vegetables _20 less meat. 11 A. are   Bwas   CWill be   DIs12 A. French   BAmerican  CEnglish  DChinese13 A. eat  Bdrink  Ctalk  DPlay14 A. for  Bwith  Cin  DAt15 A. too  Balso  Cneither  DEither16 A. the other