Unit 4 Reading and Thinking知识清单默写版讲义--高中英语人教版必修第一册.docx

Unit 4 Natural DisastersReading and Thinking: Describe a natural disaster知识清单默写版1. 基础词汇词汇音标释义crack kræk æsn.气体；燃气；汽油æz if 似乎；好像；仿佛run  n. & vt.破坏；毁坏严重受损；破败不堪p(r)sent n.百分之 adj. & adv.每一百中  brk n.砖；砖块 'met()l n.金属  k n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊震惊；吃惊.lek'trstin.电；电能træp vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套. n.险境；陷阱 'beri vt.埋葬；安葬 brið vi. & vt.呼吸 revive r'vav revivalr'vav()l  ef(r)tn. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力unify junfa  'wzdm n. 智慧；才智kntekstn. 上下文；语境；背景sf(r) vt. 遭受；蒙受. vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 2. 重点词汇词汇固定搭配Shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊l _令某人极为震惊的事l _震惊；吃惊l _ adj .感到震惊的；感到惊讶的_ 对 吃惊_ 因做某事而吃惊l _adj . 令人震惊的trapvt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套. n.险境；陷阱l _诱使某人做某事l _被 困 在 .l _布好陷阱；设下图套l _ 陷入 的困境buryvt.埋葬；安葬l _把埋到里l _双手掩面l _埋头于；专心于；沉浸在l _埋头于；专心于；沉浸在effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力l _努力做某事l _为了做某事l _不遗余力地做某事suffervt. 遭受；蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦l _患病；因而受苦l _受冻/挨饿l _遭受损失/痛苦l _ n.苦难；痛苦l _n .受难者3. 各段知识点Para 1:Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3: 00 am, on 28 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.the village well rise and fall at least smelly gas too.to. refuse to do sth. run out of. jump out of.Para 2: At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemd as if the word were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.begin to do sth.as ifcome to an endone of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th centuryone thirdeight kilometres long30 metres widecut across sth. hard hills of rockrivers of dirtin ruinstwo thirds of the peoplethousands of children Para 3: Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shockand then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.75 percent of the city's factories and buildingsblow . awayuseless pieces of metaltens of thousands of.hundreds of thousands of. millions of sth.in shockfall downbegin to do sth.Para 4: But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. send sb. to somewhere to do sth.dig outthe deadprovide medical carebuild sth. for sb.hundreds of thousands of. begin to do sth.Para 5: Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.start to do sth.revive sb.get back up on its feetwith strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's peoplegreat improvement in.prove to sb. that.stay positivea brighter future4. 修辞手法（Types of figure of speech）Types of figure of speechExamplesl Hard hills became rivers of dirt.(para 2, line 5)l The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. (para 3)l Bricks covered.like.blow them away. (para 3, line 3)l .rose and fell, rose and fell. (para 1, line 2)l For several days.At least one well.But .as usual. （para 1)l It seemed as if the. an end! (para 2, line 1)l the night the earth didnt sleep. (title)l Slowly, the city began to breathe again.(para 4)l Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. (para 5)l Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! (para 2)l A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide. (para 2)l In less than.in ruins.(para 2, line 6)l Two thirds of the people.were dead or injured. Thousands of children. The number of people.was more than 400,000. (para 2)l 75% of., 90% of., tense of thousands of, hundreds of, millions of, all of. (para 3)l the army sent 150,000.More than 10,000 docters. (para 4)5. 报告文学（literary journalism)报告文学是一种介于新闻报道和文学作品之间的文体，其题材和所描写的事物是真实发生的历史事件和真实人物。报告文学与普通新闻报道的最大区别在于，前者对事件发生的环境和所涉及的人物有生动的描述，并运用多种修辞方法来组织语言，这样更能激发读者的情感，从而打动读者。6. as if 条件句的虚拟语气as if 从句的虚拟语气的时态不受主句时态的限制，重点需关注与主句动作发生的先后顺序。如果as if从句表述的内容跟主句同时发生或主句当时的情况，则用_。as if 从句表述的内容是主句之前的情况用_。as if 从句表述的内容是主句之后的情况用_。学科网（北京）股份有限公司