初三英语重要知识点大全.docx
初三英语重要知识点大全初三英语重要知识点动词不定式一.定义:由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。二.动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。如:Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:It+be+名词+todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?It+be+形容词+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.Itseems(appears)+形容词+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+todo句式,如:It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.(3)举例It'seasy(forme)todothat.我做这事太容易了thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough1、It'ssonicetohearyourvoice.听到你的声音真高兴。2、It'snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。It'sverykindofhimtohelpus.他帮助我们,他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:1、Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。2、Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。注意:其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itisto的句型(对)Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。(错)Itistobelievetosee.三.动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,ask,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,want,wish,wouldlike等。1、Wehopetogettherebeforedark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。2、Themandecidedtodoitherself.那个男人决定自己做那件事。动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remembertodo记住要做某事rememberdoing记得曾经做过某事forgettodo忘记要做某事forgetdoing忘记曾经做过某事stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing继续做原来在做的事不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。如:Hefounditverydifficulttogettosleep.他发现很难入睡。初三英语考试知识点固定搭配:onlyafew(=few)notafew(=many)quiteafew(=many)manya(=many)Manybooksweresold.Manyabookwassold.卖出了许多书.9many,much的用法Many,much都意为"许多",many+可数名词,much+不可数名词.HowmanypeoplearethereatthemeetingHowmuchtimehasweleftManyoftheworkerswereatthemeeting.Muchofthetimewasspentonlearning.初三英语备考知识点介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。(1)介词与动词的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spendon,等。(2)介词与名词的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,ononeswayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。(3)介词与形容词的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。动词的分类(1)动词+介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,askfor,laughat,hearof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Dontlaughatothers.Tomaskedhisparentsforabike.(2)动词+副词常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:Youllhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedontforgettohanditin.(3)动词+副词+介词常见的有goonwith,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:GoonandIllcatchupwithyouinfiveminutes.Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)动词+名词+介词常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)动词+形容词常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)动词+名词常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.