初二下册英语人教版知识点总结.docx

初二下册英语人教版知识点总结初二下册英语人教版知识1Unit1what'sthematter?Its+形容词+forsb.+todosth.做某事对某人来说是的。Itsimportanttodosth.做某事很重要。Itsimportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Itseasytodosth.做某事是容易的。Itseasyforustofindouttheanswer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该."。should(应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。egIhaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厉害。-Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你应该躺下，多喝水。maybe与maybe(1)maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybehecananswerthequestion.也许他能回答那个问题。HemaybeisfromtheUSA,too.他可能也来自美国。(2)maybe中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：HemaybefromtheUSA,too.他可能也来自美国。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。few、afew、little、alittle的区别和联系：few/afew用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有;afew表示肯定意义，有几个。例如：Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。little/alittle用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有;alittle表示肯定意义，有一点儿。例如：Thereislittleinkinmybottle.Canyougivemealittleink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗?notuntil直到(否定句)才.，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。Shedidntleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.=Hedidntgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup.until/till直到.(肯定句)动词为延续性动词Westayedheretill/until12oclock.初二下册英语人教版知识2Unit2I'llhelpcleanthecityparks.动词小结常见动词短语结构有下面几种：动词+副词如：giveup放弃;turnoff关掉;stayup熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。动词+介词如：listenof听;lookat看;belongto属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。each每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与of连用every每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与of连用helpsb.(to)do帮助某人做某事helphim(to)studyhelpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事helphimwithEnglishhelpdo帮助做某事helpstudyspend.doing.花费做IspentadayvisitingBeijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spendonsth.花费在Ispent3yearsonEnglish.join参加(指参加团体、组织)如：jointheParty入党takepartin参加(指参加活动)如：takepartinsportsmeeting参加运动会runout与runoutofHismoneysoonranout.他的钱很快就花光了。Ourtimeisrunningout.我们剩下的时间不多了。(2)runoutof主语为人，表示主动含义。Heisalwaysrunningoutofmoneybeforepayday.他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换如：Thepetrolisrunningout.汽油快用完了=Wearerunningoutofpetrol.Ourtimeisrunningout.我们剩下的时间不多了。=Wearerunningoutoftime.workout(1)结局，结果为Thestrategiesthathecameupwithworkedoutfine.他提出的这个策略效果很好。(2)算出，制订出，消耗完(精力等)Heneverseemstobeworkedout.他好像永远不会疲乏似的。Heworkedoutaplan.他制订了一个计划。Ihaveworkedoutourtotalexpenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。hangout闲荡闲逛Iliketohangoutatmallwithmyfriends.我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。beabletodo能，会beunabletodo不能，不会forsure确实如此，毫无疑问Youdonthavemoney.Thatsforsure.你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。fillwith使充满用填充Shefilledthebowlwithwater.她用水填满碗。handout分发handoutbananasgiveout分发giveoutsthtosb.分.给某人giveupdoing放弃giveupsmoking放弃吸烟giveaway赠送捐赠giveawaymoneytokidsgivesb.sth.给某人某东西givememoney给我钱givesth.tosb.给某人某东西givemoneytome给我线helpsb.out帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)Icantworkoutthismathproblem.Pleasehelpmeout.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。trainn.火车v.训练trainsb.todo.训练某人做某事Shetrainsherdogtofetchthings.她训练她的狗去取东西。atonce=rightaway立刻马上如：Doitatonce.马上去做。Illgothereatonce/rightaway.我马上去那里。oneday有一天(指将来/过去)someday有一天(指将来)如：OnedayIwenttoBeijing.有一天我去了北京。SomedayIllgotoBeijing.有一天我将去北京。初二下册英语人教版知识3Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?关于to的短语havetodosth.不得不/必须做某事needtodosth.需要做某事hatetodosth.讨厌做某事liketodosth.喜欢做某事wanttodosth.想做某事lovetodosth.热爱做某事forgettodosth.忘记做某事starttodosth.开始做某事begintodosth.开始做某事asksbtodosth.请某人做某事-Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?-Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.-CouldIpleaseusethecar?-Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./No,youcan't.Ihavetogoout.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can,could之外，还可以用may，的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?作允答可以各种各样：如同意可以说Yes，或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes,(do)please.或Ofcourse.(youmay/can).或That'sOK/allright.如果不同意，可以说I'msorryyoucan't.或I'mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免说No,youcan't.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。初二下册英语人教版知识4Unit4Whydontyoutalktoyourparents?get(1)买getsth.forsb.=getsb.sth.为某人买某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?=Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得到，到达Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使，让，get+宾语+宾补使某人/某物怎么样Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐渐)变得.Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?howabout/whatabout后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。(1)向对方提出建议或请求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向对方征求意见或看法HowabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)询问天气或身体情况HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)谈话中承接上下文Imfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?ImfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom=getaletterfrom=heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.=IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受Hecouldntacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.a6-year-oldchild一个六岁的孩子6-year-old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名词child。“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典too.to太而不能too后跟形容词或副词原形,to后跟动词原形,构成不定式，句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语forsb。Heistooyoungtojointhearmy(军队).他年纪太小，不能去参军。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。too.to可以与enoughto和sothat转换.Sheistooyoungtodothework.=Sheisntoldenoughtodothework.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.=Tomissotiredthathecantwalkanyfarther.pay,spend,cost,take的区别(1)pay花费(多少钱),主语是人。sb.paysomemoneyforsth.sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2个小时做作业。(3)cost花费(多少钱),主语是物。sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.这件夹克衫花费她200美元。(4)take花费(时间)，主语形式主语为It.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花费某人多少时间做某事?IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.刘红花了2个小时做作业。sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep(1)sleep动词,睡觉,强调动作。Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我很累，想睡觉。(2)sleeping,sleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”。Dontmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。(3)sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的。Iamalittlesleepy.Idliketogotobed.我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。(4)asleep睡着了的。TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。(5)fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间。Icouldntfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。(6)beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间。Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3个小时。open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我把窗户打开吗?(2)形容词,beopen开着的,开放的Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.在周末，这个池是对公众开放的。close动词,关闭,关上,合上closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的encourage动词,鼓励,激励encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。progress名词,“进步,进展”makeprogress“取得进步,取得进展”Tomisnowmakinggreatprogressatschool.汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。takeaninterestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事感兴趣否定表达是takenointerestin(doing)sth.对(做)某事不感兴趣DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?你对英语感兴趣吗?makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?你想和我们交朋友吗?初二下册英语人教版知识5Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?arriveat到达(小地方)arrivein到达(大地方)reach到达getto到达IarrivedinBeijinglastnight.=IreachedBeijinglastnight.=IgottoBeijinglastnight.如果宾语是副词here,there,home,要把at/in/to省略。arrivehere/there/homegethere/there/homeinfrontof在的前面(某一范围外的前面)inthefrontof在的前面(某一范围内的前面)Therearesomebigtreesinfrontoftheclassroombuilding.在教室的前面有一些大树。Ilikesittinginthefrontofthetaxi.我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。takeoff(1)起飞Whendidtheplanetakeoffyesterday?飞机什么时候起飞?(2)脱下(衣帽等)Hetookoffhiscoatassoonashewentintotheroom.他一进房间就脱掉了外套。(3)取消Theywilltakeoffthe5amtrain.他们取消了早上5点的火车。getout(of)从离开/出去/下来Acarstoppedandagirlgotoutofit.但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来,用getofffollow跟随Ifollowedhimuphehill.我跟着他上了山.沿着前进Followthisroaduntilyougettothepostoffice.顺着这条路一直到邮局.(3)听懂，理解Couldyouspeakmoreslowly?Icantfollowyou.你能说慢点吗?我听不懂。(4)followsb.todosth.跟着某人做某事Pleasefollowmetoreadthestory.请跟我读这个。shoutat大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊Dontshoutatthelittleboy.Heistooyoung.不要对他大叫，他还太小。shoutto大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊Weshouldshouttohim,orhecanthearus.我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。happen发生，具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生(1)happentodosth.碰巧做某事Ihappenedtomeetoneofmyoldfriendsintheparkyesterday.昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。(2)sthhappenstosb.某人发生了某事Ancaraccidenthappenedtohimlastmonth.上个月他发生了交通事故.takeplace发生(1)按计划进行或按计划发生GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainrecentyears.最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.(2)(运动/活动/会议等)举行ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.运动会将于下星期五举行。taketheplaceof代替,取代Plasticscansometimestaketheplaceofwoodandmetal.塑料有时能代替木材和金属.takeonesplace坐某人的位置,代替某人的职务Cometotakemyplace.myseatisnearthewindow.来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。anywhere任何地方，常用于否定句或疑问句中.Didyougoanywherelastnight?你昨天还去了别的地方了吗?somewhere某个地方，用于肯定句。IcantfindmypenthoughIlookedforiteverywhere.尽管我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。silence名词,寂静/无声Theresnothingbutsilenceintheroom.屋内寂静无声。Keepinsilence.保持沉默.silent形容词,沉默的,寂静的Theoldhousewasquitesilent.这所老房子寂静无声。Thecatmovedonsilentfeet.那只猫无声地走动着。hear听到Canyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?你听到有人敲门了吗?(1)hearof听说,后接表示人或物的词Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前从来没有听说过他。(2)hearabout听说,后接表示事件的名词Ivejustheardabouthisillness.我刚刚听说他生病的事。Haveyouheardabouttheaccident?你听说了那场事故吗?(3)hearfrom收到某人的来信IheardfrommydaughterinNewYorkyesterday.我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语。是中最的之一.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。XiamenisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。experience(1)名词,不可数名词;经历,体验,可数名词Haveyouhadanyexperienceoffishing?你有钓鱼的经验吗?CouldyoutellusaboutyourexperiencesinAfrica?你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?(2)动词经历,感觉Thechildrenexperiencedmanydifficultiesthistime.这次孩子们经历了许多困难.experienced形容词有经验的beexperiencedin/atdoingsth.=havemuchexperiencein/atdoingsth.做某事很有经验.Sheisanexperiencedteacher.他是一个经验丰富的教师。Heisveryexperiencedin/atrepairingcars.他修车很有经验。asas和一样两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。Heworksascarefullyasshe.他和她一样工作认真。Sheisastallashermother.她和母亲一样高。notasas不如某人/某物Heisntas/sooldashelooks.他不像看起来那么老。Shedoesntrunas/sofastasherbrother.她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。havefun=haveagood/great/wonderfultime=enjoyoneself玩得开心，过得愉快Didyouhavefunattheparty?昨天在派对上玩的开心吗?=Didyouhaveagood/great/wonderfultime?=Didyouenjoyyourself?havefundoingsth.开心做某事Imjusthavingfunplayingtheguitar.我正开心的弹吉他呢。accident事故,意外遭遇Hewaskilledinanaccident.他死于一起意外事故.trafficaccident交通事故Manypeopledieintrafficaccidentseveryyear.每年有很多人死于交通事故。byaccident偶然,意外地Wemetattheairportbyaccident.我们偶然在机场遇见。thinkabout考虑(某个计划)TheyarethinkingaboutmovingtoBeijing.他们考虑搬去北京。thinkof认为Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?=howdoyoulikethemovie?你认为这部电影怎么样?thinkover仔细思考Weneedafewdaystothinkoverthismatter.我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。感叹句what引导的感叹句Whatabeautifulgirl(sheis)!多么美的姑娘呀!Whatacleverboy(heis)!多么聪明的男孩呀!(3)Whatinterestingpictures(theyare)!多么美的图片呀!(4)Whattallbuildings(theyare)!多么高的楼呀!(5)Whatdeliciousfood(itis)!多么可口的食物呀!(6)Whatbadweather(itis)!多么坏的天气呀!规律：what+(a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)+!名词为不可数名词或复数名词时,形容词前面不能有a/an。how引导的感叹句Howheavytheboxis!多么重的箱子呀!Howfastheruns!他跑得多快呀!Howcarefulthegirlis!多么细心的姑娘呀!Howwellsheplaysthepiano!她的钢琴弹得多好呀!过去进行时过去进行时的用法(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。Whatwereyoudoingat8:30thismorning?今天早上8点半你正在做什么?WhenIcalledhim,hewashavingdinner.当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。(2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作。Whatwereyoudoingfromseventonineyesterday?你昨天7点到9点在做什么?Iwasreadingthewholemorningyesterday.我昨天一整个早上都在看书。过去进行时的构成(1)肯定句：主语+was/were+动词ing形式+时间状语。(2)否定句：主语+was/were+not+动词ing形式+时间状语。(3)疑问句：was/were+主语+动词ing形式+时间状语?肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答：No,主语+was/were+not.