培根《论读书》赏析.ppt
OfStudy“Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an _man.”-Francis Bacon exact阅读使人充实，阅读使人充实，交谈使人机智，交谈使人机智，写作使人精确。写作使人精确。-培根培根 培根的培根的OfStudy一文，写一文，写于四百年前。在今天的英国，于四百年前。在今天的英国，此文当属古典文论，其用语不此文当属古典文论，其用语不仅典雅，而且古奥，甚至玄秘。仅典雅，而且古奥，甚至玄秘。四百年前的语言，既便是当时四百年前的语言，既便是当时通俗透顶的平民口语，在今人通俗透顶的平民口语，在今人听来，亦充满听来，亦充满“古色古香古色古香”之之感。感。培根是四百年前英国的哲人培根是四百年前英国的哲人名士，学富五车，文震朝野，其名士，学富五车，文震朝野，其散论札记当时亦属上乘之作。在散论札记当时亦属上乘之作。在四百多年来的英国文学史上，培四百多年来的英国文学史上，培根的文论以其思想精深、艺术精根的文论以其思想精深、艺术精湛和文学精绝而风骚独领。其在湛和文学精绝而风骚独领。其在英国文学与思想界之影响，颇似英国文学与思想界之影响，颇似唐宋八大家之在中国，历久弥新。唐宋八大家之在中国，历久弥新。Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairs,comebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;tomakejudgementwhollybytheirrules,isthehumourofascholar.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedpruningbystudy;andstudiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments,andthemeanersortofbooks;elsedistilledbooksare,likecommondistilledwaters,flashythings.书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。Readingmakeafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人精确写作使人精确。Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。Historiesmakemenwise;poetswitty;themathematicssubtile;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.Studiesgotomakeupamanscharacter.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。Naythereisnostandorimpedimentinthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies:likeasdiseasesofthebodymayhaveappropriateexercises.Bowlingisgoodforthestoneandreins;shootingforthelungsandbreast;gentlewalkingforthestomach;ridingforthehead;andthelike.人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。Soifamanswitbewandering,lethimstudythemathematics;forindemonstrations,ifhiswitbecalledawayneversolittle,hemustbeginagain.Ifhiswitbenotapttodistinguishorfinddifferences,lethimstudytheschoolmen;fortheyarecyminisectores.如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题需全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；Ifhebenotapttobeatovermatters,andtocalluponethingtoproveandillustrateanother,lethimstudythelawyerscases.Soeverydefectofthemindmayhaveaspecialreceipt.如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。Listen and fill in the blanksperfect wisdom weigh tasted digested full ready exact wise deep casesWhat is the structure of the article?The purpose of studyThe method of studyThe effect of studyThe First Part：The purpose of studyThe Second Part：The method of studyThe Third Part：The effect of studyPara 1-Para 5Para 6-Para 7Para 8-Para 9 The purposeadvantagesdelightornamentabilitydisadvantagespendtoomuchtimeslothusethemtoomuchornamentmakejudgementwhollybytheirrulesscholar contrast the method taste-tobereadonlyinparts swallow-toberead,butnotcuriouslychew or digest-tobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattentionextracttobereadbydeputySuggestion：reading、conference and writing metaph0r the effectmakeupamanscharactereverydefecthasaspecialreceiptHistories-wisepoets-witty mathematics-subtitle natural philosophy-deep moral-grave logic and rhetoric-contend wandering wit -mathematicswit-not apt to distinguish -the schoolmen not apt to beat over matters -the lawyers casespurposeadvantagesdisadvantagescontrastmethodopinionsuggestionmetaphoreffectcharacterdefectmetaphorConclusionexample1、what is the main points of this text?2、what is the purpose of the study？3、what disadvantages may appear in the study?Exercisedelight,for ornament,and for abilityTo spend too much time in studies is sloth;to use them too much for ornament,is affectation;to make judgement wholly by their rules,is the humour of a scholarthe purpose the method the effect 4、What are the advantages of the study?Studies go to make up a mans characterEvery defect of the mind may have a special receiptDiscussion1、which sentence do you like best?Why?2、What is your understanding of the text?1、If someone in our class is unwilling to write,which sentence is a good suggestion to him?2、If someone in our class is unwilling to speak,which sentence is a good suggestion to him?3、If someone in our class is unwilling to recite,which sentence is a good suggestion to him?
