大学英语综合教程1unit.ppt

Unit8educationalproblemsTextAFableoftheLazyTeenagerPre-readingDoyouknowanyfables?Whatarethey?Lion and the Mouse,The Hare and the Tortoise,The Fox and the Grapes,The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf,The Fox and the Crow,The Dove and the Ant,The Fox and the Stork.PictureFableTalkingDirections:1.Workingroups2.Rebuildthefablesaccordingtothepicturesandkeywords3.Selectapresenterforyourgroup4.TellyourfabletotheclassandthemorallessonPictureFableTalkingPictureFableTalkingDrawaSnakeandAddFeettoItLonglongago,severalpeoplehadajarofwineamongthemandallofthemwantedtodrinkitbyhimself.Sotheysetarulethateveryonewoulddrawasnakeonthegroundandthemanwhofinishedfirstwouldhavethewine.Onemanfinishedhissnakeverysoonandhewasabouttodrinkthewinewhenhesawtheotherswerestillbusydrawing,sohedecidedtodrawthefeettothesnake.However,beforehecouldfinishthefeet,anothermanfinishedandgrabbedthejarfromhim,saying,Whohaseverseenasnakewithfeet?”PictureFableTalkingGoing too far is as bad as not going far enough.PictureFableTalkingPictureFableTalkingTheFoxandtheCrowOnedayacrowstoodonabranchnearhernestandfeltveryhappywiththemeatinhermouth.Atthattime,afoxsawthecrowwiththemeat,soheswallowedandeagerlythoughtofaplantogetthemeat.However,whateverthefoxsaidtothecrow,thecrowjustkeptsilent.Untilthefoxthoughthighlyofthecrowsbeautifulvoice.“Iamsureyourvoiceisevenmorebeautifulthanyourfeathers,”saidtheFox.“Wontyousingasongforme,QueenofBirds?”TheCrowwassopleasedshecouldhardlysitstill.Sheliftedherheadhigh,closedhereyesandopenedherbeaktosing:CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W.Themeatfelltotheground,rightinfrontoftheFox.PictureFableTalkingNever trust a flatter.PictureFableTalkingPictureFableTalkingTheMilkmaidandHerPailAmilkmaidwasgoingtothemarket.Shecarriedhermilkin a pail on her head.She dreamt about the eggs she would buy when she sold the milk.The eggs will hatch;then she will sell the chickens.With the money she earned,she would buy fine clothes for herself.“Illbuyanewdress,andwhenIgototheball,alltheyoungmenwilldancewithme!”Asshespokeshetossedherheadback.Thepailimmediatelyfelloffherhead,andallthemilkwasspilt.Thegirlwentbackwithoutanything.Shefelt very sad.ah,my child,said her mother.“Do notcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.PictureFableTalkingDo not count your chickens before they are hatched.A Brief Introduction to Fable The term fable refers to a short story in which animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans,usually to give a moral point.The term comes from the Latin fabula,“a telling.”The greatest teller of fables was Aesop.He was believed to be a Greek slave who lived in the 6th century B.C.Another great teller of fables was Jean de La Fontaine.He wrote in France in the 17th century.La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop.B R _ A Brief Introduction to Fable 2 Some of their best-known fables are The Lion and the Mouse,The Hare and the Tortoise,The Fox and the Grapes,The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf,The Fox and the Crow,The Dove and the Ant,and The Fox and the Stork.In the Chinese language,some idioms come from fables such as The Frog in the Shallow Well,His Spear against His Shield,Making His Mark.TypicalfeaturesoffablesShorttalesNotbasedonfactsIntendedtogiveamorallessonNotstateddirectlybutdeducedbyreadersTextAFableoftheLazyTeenagerPartDivisionInterviewSuppose you are a journalist and your partner is the author of the text.You have an interview with him.The interview should cover the following points:1.the happening in the drugstore the reason why the author went there;a dialogue between the salesgirl and him2.the authors feeling to the happening the problems American teenagers are facing such as ignorance,poor ability of calculations and other things3.something about the son of the authors friend4.the authors purpose of offering a fablePart 1G R _ Questions and Answers1Questions and Answers1.Why did the author go to the drugstore one day?He wanted to buy some file folders.2.How old was the salesgirl?3.What was the salesgirls reaction to the authors mental arithmetic(心算)?Under 20 years old.She was very surprised at it.G R _ Questions and Answers25.What was the author?He was a teacher at a college.4.Did the salesgirl believe that the author did calculations by magic?Why or why not?Yes.Maybe she believed it because she could never do that.6.What did the author think of American teenagers?He thought they are ignorant and lacking in knowledgeof world history and geography.Questions and AnswersG R _ Questions and Answers37.In the authors opinion,what was the most serious problem for American teenagers?8.Why did the author give us the example of his friends son?9.According to the author,what would happen if there was an idle,ignorant labor force in a modern industrial state?They were indifferent to their ignorance.He just intended to show the seriousness of the problem.There would be many problems in society such asplane crashes,computer jams and breakdowns of cars.Questions and AnswersG R _ Questions and Answers410.What was the authors purpose of offering a fable?He just wanted to make American teenagers understand the danger of their ignorance and intellectual laziness.Questions and AnswersD R _ word _ t1 run out ofrun out of:use up or finish a supply of(sth.)To our disappointment,our car ran out of gas halfway home.When they ran out of food,the soldiers set about hunting for more.D R _ No modestly t2 1.What is the meaning of the phrase“such an experience”?The phrase“such an experience”means“the salesgirls ignorance.”No modestly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience.2.Paraphrase the sentence.Any adult who has got average education will feel worried and unhappy about the ignorance the girl shows.D R _ word _ t2 upsetmodest:adj.immodest A modest little house1)Not very large/expensive/important,etc.2)Not talking much about your own abilities or possessionsShe is very modest about her success.3)Of people,especially women,or their clothes,shy about showing much of the body,not intended to attract attention.A modest dress Adv.ModestlyYoureallymustbeverygoodatwhatyoudo.IsupposeIam,Katesaidmodestly.D R _ word _ t2 upsetupset:vt.They are terribly upset by the break-up of their parents marriage.1)make(sb.)worry or feel unhappy.be upset by/about Pattern:2)make ill in the stomachThe foreign food upset me/my stomach.3)knock over,causing confusionThe boy upset the glass of milk.Her plans were upset by the change in the weather.D R _ word _t2 ignorantCollocation:ignorant:adj.knowing little or nothingShe was ignorant of her husbands illegal activities.Otherwise she would have done everything possible to stop him.ignorant about/of 在在方面无知的方面无知的Some people are ignorant of the facts about global warming.我对计算机一窍不通。Im rather ignorant about computer.D R _ word _ t3 sum upsum up:give a brief summary(of sth.)My teacher would sum up the main points of the lesson before he ended the class.Alice summed up her Christmas holidays in one word:“Terrible.”D R _ word _ t3 accumulate 1accumulate:v.collect,or gather together,esp.over a period of time;make or become greater in quantity or sizeI have accumulated many books over the last few years.Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room.Collocation：积累大量资料积累大量资料 accumulate a huge mass of data 积累经验积累经验 accumulate experience 积攒一笔财富积攒一笔财富 accumulate a fortune 积聚一大批藏书积聚一大批藏书 accumulate a good library 两者均可指积聚大量的东西。accumulate 强调经年累月地点滴积累。例如：D R _ word _ t3 accumulate 2Through the years he accumulated sufficient money to buy a farm when he retired.He soon amassed sufficient evidence to support his case.经过多年积攒，他有了足够的钱在退休时买下一个农场。accumulate&amass CF:amass 指在较短的时间内积聚到大量东西，尤指为自己而积聚。例如：指在较短的时间内积聚到大量东西，尤指为自己而积聚。例如：他不久便收集到足够的证据来为他的案子辩护。D R _ word _ t3 affect 1affect:vt.More than seven million people have been affected by the drought.1)have an influence on 2)cause feelings of sorrow,anger,love,etc,in(sb.)Martin Luther Kings speech deeply affected the audience.D R _ word _ t3 affect 2Nothing you say will affect my decision.这里这三个词都作为动词进行比较。affect 表示“影响”，以被影响的人或物作宾语。大致可分为两种情况：1）“使起变化”，没有好或坏的意思；2）“对发生不良影响”。例如：affect,effect&influence CF:无论你说什么都不会影响我的决定。The small amount of rain last year affected the growth of crops.去年雨少影响了庄稼的生长。D R _ word _ t3 affect 3The new hairdo effected a startling change in her appearance.Effect n.have an effect on用作及物动词表示“产生，招致”或“实现”，以“改进，变化”等类的词作宾语。例如：这新发式使她的外貌产生了惊人的变化。Such films have a dangerous influence on children.My teacher influenced my decision to study science.Influence n.指对行为、性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响指对行为、性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响 v.影响可好可坏。影响可好可坏。Influence sb./sth.例如：例如：CF:D R _ word _ t3 idleThe boy is really idle;he just sits around the house all day.idle:adj.1)lazy 2)not working Men are left idle when machines break down.3)of no use His words were just idle threats;he cant harm us.Collocation：stand/lie idle 闲着闲着The machinery stood idle for a month.D R _ word _ t3 break down1break down:The elevators in this building are always breaking down.Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement.1)stop working 2)fail 3)destroy;reduce or be reduced to pieces They broke the door down.D R _ word _ t3 break down2Collocation：逃走，逃脱逃走，逃脱 break away 闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴 break in 闯入，强行进入闯入，强行进入 break into 逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发 break out 突破突破 break through 打碎；结束；解散；（学校）开始放假打碎；结束；解散；（学校）开始放假 break up D R _ word _ t4 drive homedrive home:make(sth.)clear so that people understand it Peter was lazy.His parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work.We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie.我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪里。drive sth.home(to sb.)Pattern:EachofthefollowingpicturesstandsforaKevinHanleyinacertainyear.MatchthepicturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclasshowthisKevinlivesPart 2BDGECFAKevin 2050 ()Kevin 1835 ()Kevin 1928 ()Kevin 1945 ()Kevin 1966 ()Kevin 1990 ()Kevin 2020 ()G R _ Rearrange the Order of the Pictures 2ABCDEFG Kevin 1835,a poor peasant in Ireland Kevin 1928,a steel-mill worker in Pittsburgh,U.S.A.Kevin 1945,a soldier fighting the Japanese army Kevin 1966,a student who studies all the time so as to get into college and law school Kevin 1990,a cleaner in a Japanese-owned factory Kevin 2020,a porter in a hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians Kevin 2050,living in a slum and searching through trash piles for foodHowthisKevinlivesD R _ word _ t6 better offbetter off:richer than you were before;more comfortable Its obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who dont.现在，中国人的生活比以前强多了。Nowadays Chinese people are better off than they used to be.D R _ word _ t7 scaredscared:adj.frightened(often followed by of/to/that-clause)The lady has always been scared of snakes.Im scared to fly in a plane.Im scared that it might crash.D R _ word _ t10 adequate1adequate:adj.enough(often followed by to or for)Is the transport system adequate to deliver the food to remote areas?对于初学者来说，这本书也够用了。For the use of beginners,the book is adequate.Her knowledge of English was adequate for the job.CF:adequate,enough&sufficient 三词均表示“足够的”。adequate 指“能够满足特定的或最起码的要求的,符合一个客观标准,兼有适当的意思;D R _ word _ t10 adequate 2enough 指“能够满足一种欲望或需要”，比较偏重数量，并可放在所形容的名词后面。例如：Are there enough apples for everyone?sufficient 具有与具有与enough相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。Fill in the blanks with the adequate,enough or sufficient.1)We havent got _ information from which to draw a conclusion.2)The pianist gave an _ performance.3)There is _food for six people.4)I hope you will prove _ to the job.sufficient adequate enough adequate CF:D R _ Kevin 2020s t9What can we infer from the fact that the factory in which Kevin 2020s father works is owned by the Japanese not the Chinese or people from other countries?It can be inferred that in the authors opinion the Japanese are the symbol of success because of their hard work,education and discipline.Kevin 2020s father,who is of course Kevin 1990 himself,works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.D R _ The man explains t111.Translate the sentence into Chinese.那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供那人跟凯文解释说，如果一个人没有钱，教育能提供积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。积累金融资本所必需的人力资本。2.Do you agree with that mans opinion?Why or why not?The man explains to Kevin that when a man has no money,education can supply the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital.D R _ they work t12 they work and study and learn and discipline themselves.There are three words of“discipline”in this text(Para.19,Para.20,Para.21).Tell the different meanings of them in Chinese.The first“discipline”(Para.19)means“训练”,the second(Para.20)means“纪律”and the last one(Para.21)means“约束”.D R _ word _ t12 astonish 1astonish:vt.surprise very much;amazeThey were greatly astonished at the extraordinary beauty of the picture.We were astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test.这三个词在表示“使惊异”时，意义相近，一般以事物或人作主语；以人作主语时，一般用被动语态。它们的主要区别在于：astonish 特指不可能解释的事发生后使人产生较强的惊异感情。astonish 表示惊异的时间较 surprise 长久。例如：CF:astonish,amaze,&surprise D R _ word _ t12 astonish 2They were astonished at/by the news of his escape.他们对他逃跑的消息感到吃惊。I was amazed at/by her calmness.amaze 指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇，是意义很强的词。例如：指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇，是意义很强的词。例如：我对她的冷静感到惊讶。（含有“钦佩”之意）surprise 着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应。着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应。例如：例如：Her frank answer surprised him.她坦率的回答使他感到惊讶。CF:D R _ word _ t12 miraclemiracle:n.an amazing or wonderful event,esp.sth.that happens unexpectedlyThere was a severe earthquake in that area,but by a miracle,no one was killed in it.The teacher told me that itd be a miracle if I passed the examination.It was a miracle that the pilot landed the plane in that snowstorm.marvel：侧重异乎寻常，奇怪，从而使人好奇。miracle：一般指被认为是人力所办不到的奇异之事。wonder：通常指使人惊奇的事迹、人物或景观，主要指人创造的奇迹。D R _ word _ t12 facultyFor a woman of 85,she still has all her faculties.2)all the teachers of a university or collegeIt is a myth that the faculty of hearing is greatly increased in blind people.faculty:n.1)mental and physical abilitiesAfter seven years of study,he succeeded in joining the faculty of Columbia University.D R _ Sorry Popt12“Sorry,Pop,”Kevin 1990 says.“I have to study.”1.Why does the boy say so?Because his dream makes him know the importance of education and he has made up his mind to study hard.2.Can you imagine his fathers reaction to the boys answer?UsefulexpressionsA R _ Useful Expressions 1Useful Expressions 1.用完了 run out of 2.一大把 a handful of 3.为感到难过 be upset by 4.私立大学 a private college 5.问题的一小部分 a tiny slice of the problem 6.对毫不在乎 a chilling indifference about 7.跟竞争 compete with A R _ Useful Expressions 2at some point soon way of life manual work drive home a humble suggestion as the story opens go shopping for 8.用不了多久的某个时候 9.生活方式10.体力劳动11.使彻底认识到 12.愚见13.故事开始时 14.去商店买 A R _ Useful Expressions 315.使某人入睡 put sb.to sleep 16.固定工资 steady wages 17.他把希望寄托在身上 his hope lies in 18.比的境遇好多了 be far better off than 19.从废墟中站起来 rise from the ashes 20.跃入眼帘catch ones eyeTextanalysis1.Stylestudy:parallelismfigureofspeechParallelismistheuseofcomponentsinasentencethataregrammatically the same;or similar in their construction,sound,meaning,ormeter.Thismethodaddsbalanceandrhythmtosentences,givingideasasmoother flow a