字母及字母组合发音规律.ppt

常见的字母与字母组合发音规则元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则元音字母的发音（一）元音字母（一）元音字母a1.重读开音节重读开音节 ei late;make;lake;face2.重读闭音节重读闭音节 bag;fat;cat;（*例外：例外：any一些一些e;many许多许多e）3.非重读音节非重读音节 或或i 即：即：China Canada i village;orange*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的且归属后一个音节段。如上的village.4.在字母w或wh后面，发:what;want;(例外：water水:)5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath;-aph;-af;-asp组合里,重读时均发a:即：dance;France;ask;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;（*例外：mass）fast;past;last;father;path;bath;(*例外：maths)graph after grasp(二二)元音字母元音字母e1.重读开音节i:me;he;she;these;evening2.重读闭音节ehen;get;tell;red3.非重读音节iticket;basket;pocket;before;below;hundred student open（三）元音字母（三）元音字母i1.重读开音节aihi;China;time;2.重读闭音节isit;hit;ill;little;3.非重读音节iunit;holidaybeautiful(四)元音字母o1.重读开音节uno;so;go;home;photo;2.重读闭音节not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重读音节purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发come;some;son;ton;(*例外：Tom)love;glove;above;anothermother;brother;*5.两个单词：womanwu-mn女人（单数）;womenwi-min女人（复数）（五）元音字母u1.重读开音节ju:pupil;student;use;cube*在开音节中，元音字母在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母在辅音字母j l r s后面时后面时读读u:音，例如：音，例如：June blue ruler super2.重读闭音节或uus;bus;mum;sunuput;full;pull3.非重读音节autumn;August;support半元音字母半元音字母y的发音的发音字母y一般有三种发音:*放在词首的发/j/:yes;yellow*在单音节词中（重读开音节）发/ai/:my;try*在大多数双音节词中（非重读音节）发/i/:study元音字母组合的拼读规则元音字母组合的拼读规则（一）元音字母a的字母组合1.ai或ay在重读音节中eirain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay2.ay在非重读音里i或eiSunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday3.al+绝大多数辅音字母:small;wall;call;或:lalso;always*al后面是k时，只发:talk;walk；chalk*al+f或m时，al发a:half;calm*-al在词尾非重读（）lmedal;metal;(例外canal运河，重音在后l)4.-ance在重读时a:nschance;dance;France*在非重读时nsimportance；performance；ambulance5.-ant非重读ntassistant;important；peasant6.-ange一般eindchange;danger;strange;(*但orangeind例外)7.-age一般idvillage;carriage;marriage8.-ask一般重读时a:skask;mask;task;basket9.-ass一般重读时a:sclass;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass例外)10.-ast一般重读时a:stlast;past;fast;cast*-aste一般eistwaste;paste;taste11.-ath一般a:bath;path;(但maths例外)*或a:father;rather;(gather例外)12.-au一般:cause;autumn;August;(*但because)*-augh(t):(t)taught;daughter(*例外：laughla:f)13.-aw:draw;saw;law;awful14.a在字母w或wh后面，a发was;wash;want;what;(*但water:15.-ar重读音时a:party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star*在字母w或音w后面时:war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter*在非重读音时beggar;dollar;solar16.-are一般hare;bare;dare;care;parent17.-air一般chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair18.-able一般eiblable;cable;table;stable(二)元音字母e的组合1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：*大多数发/i:/:meat;teacher;read;please*有的发/e/:head,bread;read(过去式);breakfast,peasant*还有的发/ei/:great;break(小学英语中只有这两个单词)*-eai:real;really2.-eei:feel;week;keep;three;treet;see*但是一个例外：coffeei3.-eerideer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer4.-er重读音节:her;term;service;Germany*非重读worker;paper;western;teacher特殊读法a:clerk5.-ereihere;mere-ere或者发there;where6.-ear有三种音，分别是：*-eariear;dear;near;tear(n.);*-ear:early;earth;learn;heard*-eara:heart*但tear作为动词时，发7.-eieieight;weigh;weight*-eiaiheight*-eii:receive8.-ey重读eithey;hey;survey*-ey重读i:key*-ey非重读imonkey;donkey;volleyball*-et非重读itpocket;ticket;rocket9.-ew一般ju:new;few;knew*-ew或者发u:grew;threw*-ew还可以发usew10.-egeidcollege11.-estistbiggest;happiest;12.词尾的-ed在浊音后dlived;studied*-ed在清音后tworked;finished*-ed在字母t或d后idwanted;needed（三）元音字母i或y的组合1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发i:，如：thief;field;piece;achieve；*-ie在词尾ailie;die;tie2.-ir在重读音节:girl;first;third;circle3.-ire在重读音节aifire;tired;hire;wire4.-igh(t)在重读音节ai(t)high;night;light;bright5.-ildaildchild;wild6.-indaindfind;kind;mind;wind;(*但windowind)7.-ingiking;wing;sing;doing;making8.-(a)tion(ei)nnation;pronunciation;information；*-stiontnquestion*-sionn或nmission使命;precision精密9.-ye在词尾aigood-bye;bye-bye10.-istist例：list;fist;(四)元音字母o的组合1.-oa在重音时uboat;coat;road;goat;toad*-oar在重音时:例：blackboard;2.-oi，-oy在重音时i*-oy例：boiler;point;join;oil.*-oi例：boy;toy;joy;loyal3.-oo一般u:too;zoo;room;noon;moon；soon;*单词单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如常发短音。如classroomu等。等。*在字母在字母k或有时在或有时在t，d之前时之前时u look;book;cook;foot;boot;good；（food例外）;4.-or在重音时:for;horse;important;morning;born*-or在字母w后面:work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均发:)*-or在非重音时monitor;doctor;professor;forget;5.-oar一般:board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般:或在美式英语里发door;floor*-oor还发upoor7.-ore在重音时:snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般aushout;loud;round;found*-ou还发country;trouble*-ou还发u:wound;wounded9.-ough(t)发:(t)ought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：coughkf)10.-oeutoe;hoe;Joe11.-olduldold;hold;cold;told12.-ostustpost;most;host;ghost(*例外costst)13.-our在重音时auour;hour;sour;*还发:four;course;pour*还发utour;gourd*-our在词尾(非重音)colour;neighbour;favourite14.-ow在重音时aunow;cow;down;how;town*-ow在重音或非重音中ulow;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;know;show（五）元音字母u的组合1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发u如：full;bull;pull;push;bush*字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发u:rule;true;blue;June2.-ue在词尾ju:argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发u:fruit;juice*-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发i如：build;biscuit；guilty4.-ur在重音时:turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse*在非重音时surprise;Saturday*-ure在重音时(j)upureju;sureu*-ture发tpicture;future;mixture(II)辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些特殊,列举如下:1.b在一般情况下bback；big;lab;brotherb和u在一起，u常发ibuilding；build；busy-bt一般tdebt;doubt2.c在字母在字母e,i或或y前面时前面时s city;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前kcup;cold;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在词尾时也发k，但后面有e，还发smusickgraces;-ckkduck;luck;black;cock；ticket;pocket-ci有时发social*-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前koccasion;according;occupy;*在元音字母e和i之前ksaccent;success-ch有三种音tk或如下：*tChina;rich;chick;chalk*kschool;chemistry;ache;technology*machine;parachute;moustache-tchtcatch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher3.d在一般情况下ddid;made;desk;duck;doubt;-ds发dzbirds;handsdr在元音字母前drdry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般dbridge;fridge;judge;4.f在一般情况下ffive;flag;life;leaf5.g在字母e,i或y前面dlarge;general;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都发g在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前ggame;goat;guard;ghost;glass在词尾也发gbig;egg;fig;flag-gnn，即g不发音foreign;sign;-gh发f或-(即不发音)-high;light;thought;broughtflaugh;cough-dge发dbridge;knowledge;judge*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音guess;guest;guard;guide而-gue在词尾发gleague;colleague6.*h在一般情况下hhelp;behave;hello;hit;hurry*h在字母r或x后面不发音exhibition7.j在一般情况下djoy;judge;journey;January;just8.*k在一般情况下kking;milk;kick;kiss;lock;*k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发nknee;know;knowledge;knifeclimb;comb;tomb;字母字母l只有两种发音只有两种发音:放在词首的发清晰的放在词首的发清晰的/l/;放在词末或放在词末或le则发模糊则发模糊/l/。9.*l在元音字母前发l(*即“勒”音，供参考)light；look;let;lab;live*l在辅音字母或词尾时发l(*即“欧”音，供参考)cold；sell;chalk10.m在一般情况下mmeat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发m11.*n在一般情况下nnow;next;ton;nest*n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发mautumn;column但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的autumnal;columnist-ng常发或g*发sing;king;English;young*发gfinger；younger;language-nk常发kink;thank12.p在一般情况下pmap;cap;people;pest*-phfphoto;phantom;physics13.*que在一般情况下kcheque*qu一般发kwquarter;quick;quiet;quite;queen14.*r在元音字母前才发音r(即音同“日”供参考)room；read;rest;around*r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音car;star;jar*rh在元音字母前只发rrhyme;rhino;rhetoric15.*s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发s如：see;some;sister;works;yes;thisnewspaper;注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发s音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：school-音标sku:l，念成sgu:lstreet-音标stri:t,念成sdri:tstudent-stju:dnt,念成sdju:dntspace-音标speis,而习惯念成sbeis*s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发z如：these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发z如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys词尾的s在长元音之后，发zhers;yourss还可以发sure;Russia-sh一般发sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish-sch一般发skschool;scheme(计划)-sion一般发ntension;succession*在元音字母后ndecision;conclusion-sure在元音字母后measure;pleasure16.t在一般情况下tcat;tooth；teach;let;ten;table;-th一般发或小学阶段，发/音的大多与数字有关:thirteen,third,ninth,tenth再加上mouth,tooth;thin;think,thank等词;发/音的大多与代词有关:that;this;these;those-trtrtry;trust;trip;tree;street-tionninformation;pronunciation;(*一个例外：questiontn)-turetpicture;mixture;future17.v在一般情况下vlive;very;vase;valley;village18.w在元音字母之前wwear;window;week;wisdomwrrwrite;wrong;wrist;whhwho;whom;whose;whwwhat;which;when;where;whyaw:draw;saw;law;ewju:few;knew;newowulow;slow;know;belowowaunow;cow;crown19.x在一般情况下ksbox;fox;next;text位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发gzexam;exist;20.y在元音字母之前jyou;youth;yes;young21.z在一般情况下zzoo;zebra;zero;zipper