初中英语九年级状语从句精选课件.ppt

关于初中英语九年级状语从句第一页，本课件共有39页状语从句状语从句复习要点1.时间状语从句时间状语从句2.条件状条件状语语从句从句3.比比较较状状语语从句从句4.结结果状果状语语从句从句5.原因状原因状语语从句从句6.目的状语从句目的状语从句7.让让步状步状语语从句从句8.方式状语从句方式状语从句9.地点状语从句地点状语从句第二页，本课件共有39页 The Adverbial Clause 状语从句状语从句 状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面；从九大状语从句来看，应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。第三页，本课件共有39页一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：while,when,as,as soon as,till,until,notuntil,before,after,since,etc当主句用一般当主句用一般现在时或表示将来含义时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将现在时或表示将来含义时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。来。Ill tell you the news when I come back.She will call me as soon as she arrives in Shanghai.难点链接难点链接第四页，本课件共有39页1、在when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是表示延续的，也可以是表示瞬间的；while引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的 I was watching TV when Tom came in.Tom came in while I was watching TV.2、as“当.时；一边.一边.”,引导的时间状语从句，强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，when与while也有此用法。另外when和as常表示从句动作先于主句动作，有时when还可以表示从句动作在主句动作之后。As she was dancing,she was singing.Its getting colder and colder as the winter comes.3、before“在.以前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；after“在之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。She was so interested in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized it.I went to bed after I finished homework.第五页，本课件共有39页4、until/till表示主句动作结束的时间。在肯定句中表示“直到.为止”，主句要用延续性动词。My mother waited till/until I came back.在否定句中，until/till表示“直到.才”，主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。常构成：notuntil结构，有时可用never,nothing代替not.He didnt leave until/before I came back.5、since，ever since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自.以来”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，常用句型为：It has beensince从句；It is+一段时间+since从句。（对 since 引导的时间状语提问要用how long).Its ten years since I worked in the hospital.He has taught us maths since he came here.Where have you been since I saw you last？第六页，本课件共有39页6、由by the time引导的时间状语从句注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。By the time you came back,I had finished this book.By the time you come here tomorrow,I will have finished this work.7、由each time,every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。Each time she came to Hainan,she would call on me.Whenever you go,I will follow you!You grow younger every time I see you.第七页，本课件共有39页8、as soon as 表示主句表示主句发发生的生的动动作作发发生在从句生在从句动动作之后，作之后，意意为为“一一就就”。如果主句是一般将来。如果主句是一般将来时时，情，情态动词态动词加加动词动词原形或祈原形或祈使句使句时时，时间时间状状语语从句用一般从句用一般现现在在时时。如：如：My brother went out as soon as I got home.Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua 第八页，本课件共有39页时间时间状状语语从句中从句中较难较难掌握的几点：掌握的几点：until(till)直到，在用直到，在用 until 表达表达时间时间状状语语的句子中，主句中的的句子中，主句中的动词动词是是要十分小心去要十分小心去选择选择。如如动词动词是持是持续续性性动词动词，它要用肯定句，它要用肯定句，如：如：I studied hard until 12 oclock last night.如果如果动词动词是瞬是瞬间间截止性截止性动词动词，则则要要用否定句，用否定句，如：如：He didnt go to bed until his mother came back由由since，for，by，before 来引来引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句。从句。since 引引导导的的时间时间状状语语是是动动作的开始作的开始时间时间，如：如：I have studied English since 1990.而由而由 by 引引导导的的时间时间状状语语通常是通常是动动作的作的结结束束时间时间，如：如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.而而before 则则多用于完成多用于完成时时，ago 则则多用于一般多用于一般过过去去时时，如：如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在状在状语语从句中用一般从句中用一般现现在在时时或一般或一般过过去去时时表示将来。表示将来。它它们们可能是主句可能是主句用一般将来用一般将来时时，从句用一般，从句用一般现现在在时时，如：如：If it rains,they wont go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般也可以主句是一般过过去去时时，从句用，从句用过过去将来去将来时时，如：如：He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考考试试中常中常见见的考点有：要学生区的考点有：要学生区别别是条件、是条件、时间时间状状语语从句从句还还是是宾语宾语从句，因在从句，因在宾宾语语从句中从句中该该用什么用什么时态时态用什么用什么时态时态，如：如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在在宾语宾语从句中的条件状从句中的条件状语语从句与主句的关系，从句与主句的关系，如：如：I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow第九页，本课件共有39页 注意注意:在在时间时间状状语语从句中，主句和从句之从句中，主句和从句之间间的的时态应时态应按下列按下列规规律确定。律确定。1）主句一般将来主句一般将来时时，从句用一般，从句用一般现现在在时时（特（特别别是用是用 as soon as 引引导导从句从句时时）：The boy will be a writer when he grows up.Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.2)主句含有情主句含有情态动词态动词，从句用一般，从句用一般现现在在时时：When the lights are red,the traffic must stop.3)主句主句为为祈使句祈使句时时，从句用一般，从句用一般现现在在时时：Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework.4)主句主句为为一般一般过过去去时时，从句也用，从句也用过过去去时态时态：I liked reading when I was young.5）在在带带有有till或或until引引导导的的时间时间状状语语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义义是是“一直到一直到时时”，谓语动词谓语动词只能用延只能用延续续性性动词动词。如果主句用否定式，其含。如果主句用否定式，其含义义是是“直到直到才才”,“在在以前不以前不”,谓语动词谓语动词可用瞬可用瞬间动词间动词。例如：例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.第十页，本课件共有39页二、地点状二、地点状语语从句从句 地点状地点状语语从句一般由从句一般由连连接副接副词词where,wherever等引等引导导，已，已经经形成形成了固定的句型，如：了固定的句型，如：句型句型1：Where 从句，（从句，（there+）主句。）主句。Where bees are,there is honey.重点提示：重点提示：此句型通常此句型通常译译成成“哪里哪里哪里就哪里就”；主句在从句后面；主句在从句后面时时，there 可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时时，一般都不用，一般都不用there.句型句型2：Anywhere/Wherever从句，主句。从句，主句。Wherever the sea is,you will find seamen.Wherever he goes,Ill go.重点提示：重点提示：anywhere本身是个副本身是个副词词，但是，常可以引，但是，常可以引导导从句，相当于从句，相当于连词连词，意思相似于意思相似于wherever。anywhere引引导导的从句可位于主句之前，也的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个本身就是个连词连词，表示，表示“在何在何处处、无无论论何何处处”。第十一页，本课件共有39页 三、原因状三、原因状语语从句从句 由由because,as,since,for等等词词引引导导1）because表示的往往是表示的往往是读读者不了解的、不明者不了解的、不明显显的原因，是全句叙述的重的原因，是全句叙述的重点，点，语语气最气最强强，只能用，只能用because回答由疑回答由疑问词问词why引引导导的疑的疑问问句。句。该该从句从句一般位于主句后；一般位于主句后；He was absent from the meeting that day because he had a bad cold.Because he was ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.重点提示：重点提示：because不能与并列不能与并列连词连词so同同时时在句中使用。在句中使用。She was late for school because she missed the bus.=She missed the bus,so she was late for school.第十二页，本课件共有39页2)Since是指分析后的原因，读者多少了解，不是全部叙述的重点，语气较弱。since比as正式，两者不回答why引导的问句，而且其从句一般放在句首。Since you have read the story,I wont tell you again.Since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.3)As 表示读者了解的明显原因，不是全句叙述的重点，较口语化，语气较弱。As I was in a hurry,I left my book at home.As I knew he was ill,I didnt call him.第十三页，本课件共有39页4)有because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是对多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today,because/for he is ill.He must be ill,for he is absent today.第十四页，本课件共有39页重点提示：重点提示：（1）because表示直接原因，表示直接原因，语语气最气最强强。because引引导导的原因状的原因状语语从句多放在主句之后。回答由从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的提出的问题问题，只能用，只能用because。由。由as和和since引引导导的原因状的原因状语语从居多放在句首。从居多放在句首。例如：例如：（2）for是并列是并列连词连词，引，引导导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加随便附加说说明的理由或推断。明的理由或推断。The oil must be out,for the light went out.（3）because和和becouse of 也有明也有明显显的区的区别别。because后面要跟从句，后面要跟从句，而而because of 后面要跟名后面要跟名词词短短语语。He is late for school because it rains heavily.He is late for school because of the heavy rain.第十五页，本课件共有39页 四、四、目的状目的状语语从句从句 用以用以补补充充说说明主句中明主句中谓语动词发谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状生的目的的从句叫做目的状语语从句。表从句。表示目的状示目的状语语的从句可以由的从句可以由that,so that,so,in order that,in case等等词词引引导导。目。目的状的状语语从句常含有从句常含有can,could,may,might should等情等情态动词态动词。Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you.He left early so that he could catch the train.(1)目的状目的状语语从句通常由从句通常由 so that,in order that引引导导。例如：例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引既可引导导目的状目的状语语从句，又可引从句，又可引导结导结果状果状语语从句。区从句。区别这别这两两种从句的种从句的办办法有两个：法有两个：1)目的状目的状语语从句里往往从句里往往带带有情有情态动词态动词can,could,may,might等。等。2)从意思上看，目的状从意思上看，目的状语语从句往往表示的目的很明确。从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you.（目的状目的状语语从句）从句）Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结结果状果状语语从句从句)第十六页，本课件共有39页 五、五、结结果状果状语语从句从句 结结果状果状语语从句表示从句表示结结果，通常位于主句之后。引果，通常位于主句之后。引导结导结果状果状语语从句的从句的连词连词（词组词组）有：）有：sothat,suchthat(如此如此.以至于），以至于），so that,that(结结果）果）等。等。(1)sothat 与与such.that的区的区别别 sothat 与与such.that常用句型如下：常用句型如下：so形容形容词词副副词词that从句从句 so形容形容词词a an单单数可数名数可数名词词that从句从句 such a an 形容形容词词单单数可数名数可数名词词 that从句从句 such形容形容词词复数可数名复数可数名词词不可数名不可数名词词that从句从句 例如：例如：He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow himHe told us such funny stories that we all laughed He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk,so that I couldnt see it.He is so young that he cant go to school.She is such a good girl that we all like her.=She is so good a girl that we all like her.He speaks so fast that I couldnt follow himI have so much time that I can chat with you.第十七页，本课件共有39页(2)当当that引引导导的的结结果状果状语语从句从句为为肯定句肯定句时时，sothat.可以与可以与beenough to do转换转换；当从句；当从句为为否定句式，可以与否定句式，可以与tooto.或或be not.enough to do转换转换，从而使复合句，从而使复合句变为简单变为简单句。句。Peter is so tall that he can reach the apple on the big tree.=Peter is tall enough to reach the apple on the big tree.The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.=The boy is too young to look after himself.=The boy is not old enough to look after himself.(3)如果名如果名词词前由前由many,much,little,few等等词词修修饰时饰时，只能用，只能用so,不用不用such。例如：例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.第十八页，本课件共有39页 (4)sothat和和such.that在由在由so.that引引导导的的结结果状果状语语从句中，从句中，so是副是副词词，与形容，与形容词连词连用。其用。其结结构是构是:“.so+形容形容词词（副（副词词）+that+从句从句”。例如：例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由在由suchthat引引导导的的结结果状果状语语从句中，从句中，such是形容是形容词词，它修，它修饰饰的可的可以是以是单单数或复数可数名数或复数可数名词词，也可以是不可数名，也可以是不可数名词词；名；名词词前面可以前面可以带带形形容容词词，也可不，也可不带带。如果是。如果是单单数可数名数可数名词词，前面需加不定冠，前面需加不定冠词词a或或an。例例如：如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有有时时上述两种上述两种结结构是可以互构是可以互换换的。的。例如：例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.第十九页，本课件共有39页(5）结果和目的状语从句还要注意以几点：结果和目的状语从句还要注意以几点：so that用在单数可数名词前，用在单数可数名词前，so 形容词形容词 a 名词名词 that，如：如：She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用或用 such a 形容词形容词 名词名词 that,如：如：She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such，如：如：It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如：又如：They are such good players that they should win the game.在在much，many，few，little 之前只能用之前只能用so，如：如：I have so little money that I cant buy it so that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such，如：如：It is so good that I want to buy.so that 其后接从句，其后接从句，如：如：I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus第二十页，本课件共有39页六、六、条件状条件状语语从句从句 由由if,unless 等等连词连词引引导导。Unless在意在意义义上相当于上相当于ifnot 表示表示“除非除非”“如果不如果不”。由于本身已含有否定意。由于本身已含有否定意义义，因此，因此不要在不要在unless后用否定句式。若主句是一般将来后用否定句式。若主句是一般将来时时，if,unless引引导导的从句要用一般的从句要用一般现现在在时时表将来。若主句表将来。若主句为为祈使句祈使句或用一般或用一般现现在在时时或含情或含情态动词态动词，从句也用一般，从句也用一般现现在在时时。I wont go unless Im invited.If you work hard,youll make progress.第二十一页，本课件共有39页条件状条件状语语从句和主句从句和主句还还有一个共同的伙伴，有有一个共同的伙伴，有时时它可以替代从句和它可以替代从句和主句，它就是主句，它就是“祈使句祈使句+and/or+简单简单句句”。其中。其中and 表示句意表示句意顺顺承；承；or 则则表示表示转转折，意折，意为为“否否则则”。If you work harder,youll pass the exam.=Work harder and youll pass the exam.If you dont hurry up,youll miss the train.=Hurry up,or youll miss the train.用介用介词词with,without可以把条件状可以把条件状语语从句改写成从句改写成简单简单句：句：If there is no water,the fish may die.=Fish may die without water.If you help me,Ill finish my task on time.=With your help,Ill finish my task on time.第二十二页，本课件共有39页 七七.让让步状步状语语从句从句 在主句中作在主句中作让让步状步状语语的从句称的从句称为让为让步状步状语语从句。从句。让让步状步状语语从句可置从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引于句首，也可置于句尾。引导让导让步状步状语语从句的从句的连词连词主要有以下主要有以下这这些：些：though,although,as,even if,even though,whetheror,no matter+疑疑问问句，疑句，疑问词问词-ever.1、though，although表示表示“虽虽然，然，纵纵然然”之意。之意。这这两个两个连词连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换换使用。在口使用。在口语语中，中，though较较常使用，常使用，although比比though正式。正式。Although/Though his father was worn out,he kept on working.Although/Though my mother is very old,she is quite strong.重要提示：though，although不能与but在句中同时使用。Though the old man was poor,he was very happy.=The old man was poor,but he was very happy.第二十三页，本课件共有39页2、as，though表示“虽然但是”“纵使”之意。as引导的让步状语从句常以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形；though有时也用于这样的结构，但although不可以这样用。如：Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.(=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.)3、even if,even though表示“即使”“纵使”之意。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，他们常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。Even if引导的让步状语从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though引导让步状语从句时是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。如：Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.Even if he is poor,she loves him.(=He may be poor,yet she loves him.)Even though he is poor,she loves him.(=He is poor,yet she loves him.)第二十四页，本课件共有39页4、whetheror表示“不论是否”“不管是还是”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：Youll have to attend the meeting whether youre free or busy.Whether you believe it or not,its true.5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都,不管都”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换，如：No matter what happened,he would not mind.(=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)No matter who you are,you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.)但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如：Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I wont believe you.（whatever引导让步状语从句）Ill eat whatever(no matter what)you give me.（whatever引导宾语从句）Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever引导主语从句）第二十五页，本课件共有39页八、八、比比较较状状语语从句从句 比比较较状状语语从句主要运用于形容从句主要运用于形容词词和副和副词词的原的原级级、比、比较级较级及最高及最高级级的句子之中。的句子之中。1）原）原级级 (1)asas 和和.一一样样 Jack is as tall as Tom.(2)not so(as)as.不如不如.那那样样 She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.2）比）比较级较级 morethan 比比.更更.This book is more instructive than that one.3）最高）最高级级 (1)the most in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.(2)the+形容形容词词最高最高级级.of/in This road is the busiest street in our city.第二十六页，本课件共有39页3）要注意的是表示）要注意的是表示越来越越来越这一概念时有两个句型：这一概念时有两个句型：比较级比较级and比较级，比较级，如：如：The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠词定冠词 the 比较级比较级 the 比较级，比较级，如：如：The harder you study,the more you can learn归纳：归纳：no more than 只有（嫌少的意思）只有（嫌少的意思）I have no more than two books.Its no more than a mile to the shop.not more than 不如（前者不如后者）不如（前者不如后者）Jack is not more diligent than John.one of the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+名词复数，意为名词复数，意为“最最之一之一”（用于最高级）。（用于最高级）。Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.第二十七页，本课件共有39页 九、方式状九、方式状语语从句从句 在主句中作方式状在主句中作方式状语语的从句称的从句称为为方式状方式状语语从句。方式状从句。方式状语语从句一从句一般位于句尾，有般位于句尾，有时时位于句中。位于句中。1、方式状、方式状语语从句通常由从句通常由as,(just)asso.,as if,as though 引引导导 as,(just)asso引引导导的方式状的方式状语语从句通常位于主句中，但在从句通常位于主句中，但在(just)as so.结结构位于句首构位于句首时时，as从句从句带带有比有比喻喻的含的含义义，意思是，意思是“正如正如”“就像就像”，多用于正式，多用于正式问题问题。如：。如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.As water is to fish,so air is to man.2、as if,as though 两者的意两者的意义义和用法相同，引出的状和用法相同，引出的状语语从句的从句的谓语谓语多用虚多用虚拟语拟语气，气，表示与事表示与事实实相反；有相反；有时时也用也用陈陈述述语语气，表示所气，表示所说说情况是事情况是事实实或或实现实现的可能性的可能性较较大。常大。常译译作作“仿佛仿佛似的似的”“好像好像似的似的”，如：，如：He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.3、引、引导导方式状方式状语语从句的从句的as还还有有“按照按照”之意。之意。如：如：I will do it as you tell me我将照你我将照你说说的做。的做。方式状方式状语语中要注意的是中要注意的是as(连词连词)与与 like(介介词词)的区的区别别。as 作作为连词为连词其后接从句，如：其后接从句，如：Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常但后面的句子常作省略，如：作省略，如：Please do it as I 而而 like 是介是介词词，其后要接的是，其后要接的是宾语宾语，如：，如：Please do it like me第二十八页，本课件共有39页中考考点设置中考考点设置1.时间状语从句时间状语从句(1)引导词：引导词：when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,until,since.(2)主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代替。主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代替。(3)not.until的同义句替换。的同义句替换。2.条件状语从句条件状语从句(1)引导词：引导词：if,u