初中英语定语从句讲解课件-(共31张ppt)教学文稿.ppt

初中英语定语从句讲解课初中英语定语从句讲解课件件-(-(共共3131张张ppt)ppt)解决两个问题：解决两个问题：第一，什么是定语？第一，什么是定语？第二，什么可以作定语？第二，什么可以作定语？概念概念定语常常用来修饰名词，常常放在名词的前定语常常用来修饰名词，常常放在名词的前面或名词后。面或名词后。（一）（一）放在名词前面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？放在名词前面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？如如 a big dog，my book，these flowers，beautiful pictures总结：形容词总结：形容词(adj.)，形容词物主代词，形容词物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their)，不定代词，不定代词(this/that/these/those)常常放在名词前修饰名词；常常放在名词前修饰名词；红裤子红裤子旧自行车旧自行车那些树那些树我们的学校我们的学校这只猫这只猫蓝色的天空蓝色的天空red pantsold bikes/an old bike those treesour schoolthis catblue sky注意：形容词修饰下面三个词的时候要放到这三个注意：形容词修饰下面三个词的时候要放到这三个的后面：的后面：something important，anything funny，nothing special（二）（二）放在名词后面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？放在名词后面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？例如：例如：streets in Beijing(北京的街道北京的街道)，shops along streets(沿街的沿街的商店商店)，the pictures on the wall(墙上的墙上的图画图画)dogs that like eating fruits(爱吃水果的爱吃水果的狗狗)，students who helped teachers(帮助老师的帮助老师的学生学生)总结：总结：介词短语介词短语和和句子句子修饰名词的时候，修饰名词的时候，放在名词的后面放在名词的后面介词短语通常是：介词介词短语通常是：介词+地点等地点等这里的人们这里的人们海里的鱼海里的鱼教室前面的树教室前面的树我们家的照片我们家的照片擅长跑步的男孩擅长跑步的男孩爱唱歌的小鸟爱唱歌的小鸟people herefishes in the seatrees in front of the classroomthe pictures of my familya boy who is good at runningbirds that like singing今天的话题就是定语从句，即一个句子放在一个词的后面修饰今天的话题就是定语从句，即一个句子放在一个词的后面修饰该词，这个句子就叫定语从句。该词，这个句子就叫定语从句。学习定语从句需要牢牢把握三点：学习定语从句需要牢牢把握三点：第一，第一，定语从句和被修饰词之间要有一个定语从句和被修饰词之间要有一个连接词连接词连接，该词连接，该词在语法上被称之为在语法上被称之为“关系代词或副词关系代词或副词”；第二，第二，被定语从句修饰的词语，在语法上被称之被定语从句修饰的词语，在语法上被称之“先行词先行词”，该该“先行词先行词”的作用是：在后面的定语从句中充当某一个的作用是：在后面的定语从句中充当某一个成分，如作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语等。成分，如作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语等。第三，第三，先行词（先行词（物还是人物还是人）及及先行词在句子中做什么成分先行词在句子中做什么成分（主语？宾语？定语？状语？主语？宾语？定语？状语？），），决定了用哪个关系决定了用哪个关系代词或副词。代词或副词。Which baby is JackWhich baby is Jack?穿红裤子的穿红裤子的baby是Jack。The baby is wearing red pants .The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.who is wearing red pantsJack定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词who总结：先行词是总结：先行词是人人且在定语从句中作主语用且在定语从句中作主语用who引导引导Which house is mineWhich house is mine?房房(子的子的)顶是棕色的顶是棕色的房子是我的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseThe houses roof is brown.The house is mine.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词 whose总结：总结：先行词先行词若在定语从句中表若在定语从句中表“属于属于所有的所有的”用用whose引导引导I talked with the man.The man is our teacher.The man(who/whom)I talked with(-)is our teacher.I talked with the man who is our teacher总结：先行词是总结：先行词是人人且在定语从句中且在定语从句中作宾语作宾语用用who/whom引导，引导，且可以省略。且可以省略。总结：先行词是总结：先行词是人人且在定语从句中作且在定语从句中作主语主语用用who引导，引导，不可以省略。不可以省略。These are the trees.The trees were planted last year.These are the trees which were planted last year.总结总结:先行词是先行词是物物且在定语从句中且在定语从句中作主语或宾语作主语或宾语用用which引导引导。这些是这些是去年栽的去年栽的树。树。总结：先行词是总结：先行词是人人且在定语从句中且在定语从句中做主语做主语或宾语或宾语的时候，关系代词的时候，关系代词_；作宾；作宾语的时候，用语的时候，用_先行词若在宾语从句中充当定语表示先行词若在宾语从句中充当定语表示“（谁）的（谁）的”时候，关系代词用时候，关系代词用_先行词若是物且在宾语从句中充当主语或先行词若是物且在宾语从句中充当主语或宾语的时候，关系代词是宾语的时候，关系代词是_whowhomwhosewhich 总结：若先行词是总结：若先行词是 人或物人或物，在定语从句中在定语从句中作主语或宾语作主语或宾语 时都可以用时都可以用that引导引导。A plane is a machine.A machine can fly.A plane is a machine _can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man _ I told you about.定语从句中的另一个关系代词定语从句中的另一个关系代词thatwhichthatwho/whomthat1.The house _ we live in(-)is very old.2.Those are the shoes _ I lost(-)last week.3.That is the man _ found my handbag.4.Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it.5.The car _ my uncle bought(-)last month is very beautiful.which/that which/that who/that which/that which/that归纳归纳:that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。which,只指物只指物，作主语或宾语。，作主语或宾语。who,whom指人指人,who作主语作主语,whom作宾语。作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去作宾语时，可省去。1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _you saw inthe park is our English teacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that6.The village _ Guo Peng lives in is very far away.7.The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.8.I hate people _ talk much but do little.9.The detective found the thieves _ robbed the Bank of Hawaii.10.My aunt works in a university _ has over five thousand students.which/that who/that who/that who/that which/that以下情况只能用以下情况只能用“that”作关系代词：作关系代词：1.先行词既有先行词既有指人又有指物指人又有指物；2.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时或有时或有the only,the very等修饰时；等修饰时；3.先行词是先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing等不定代词；等不定代词；4.主句是以主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句时；时；Fill in the blanks:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.Which is the pen _ you bought?thatthatthatthatthatthatthat先行词若是时间，同时先行词若是时间，同时该时间词该时间词在定语从句中在定语从句中作时间状语，我们用作时间状语，我们用when作为关系副词。作为关系副词。相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。Ill never forget the day 关系副词（一）关系副词（一）whenI joined the league on the day.Ill never forget the day on when I joined the league.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the league.注意：这里的注意：这里的when是副词，所以前面的是副词，所以前面的on省略掉省略掉注：但是若把注：但是若把the day看做是看做是on的宾语，我们可以用的宾语，我们可以用代替宾语的引导词代替宾语的引导词which。如下。如下Ill never forget the day when I joined the league on.关系副词关系副词（二）（二）where.先行词若是地点，且改地点词在定语从句中先行词若是地点，且改地点词在定语从句中做地点状语，引导词用做地点状语，引导词用where，相当于，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。This is the house.I lived in the house two years ago.This is the house in where I lived two years ago.注意：这里的注意：这里的where是副词，所以前面的是副词，所以前面的in省略掉省略掉注：注：但是若把但是若把the house看做是看做是in的宾语，我们可以用的宾语，我们可以用代替宾语的引导词代替宾语的引导词which。如下。如下This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived in two years ago.若先行词是若先行词是reason且该词在定语从句中作原因状且该词在定语从句中作原因状语，我们用引导词语，我们用引导词“why”，相当于相当于“介词介词for+关系代词（关系代词（which）”。I know the reason.关系副词（三）关系副词（三）whyI know the reason for why she was late.She was late for the reason.I know the reason why she was late for.I know the reason for which she was late.7.I cant forget the days _ I studied in college.I cant forget the days on_ I studied in college I cant forget the days _ I spent(-)in college.8.The library _ we often read books on Sundays is not far from our school.9.The library _ we often read in(-)on Sundays is not far from our school.whenwhichwhich注意下面的句子引导词的使用注意下面的句子引导词的使用wherewhich(I cant forget the days;I studied in the college on the days)(I cant forget the days;I spent the days in the college)(The library is not far from our school;we often read in the library on Sundays)10.No one knows the reason _ she is leaving so early.No one knows the reason for_ she is leaving so early.11.They came to a river _ a new bridge is being built over(-).12.They came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.why which which whereNo one knows the reason;she is leaving so early for the reason They came to a river.A new bridge is being built over the river.自”即“介词which”引导我定语从句应注意：1介 测词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与 试先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday _ most people had had supper.when/on whichwhen/during whichwhen/in whichwhen/by which5.I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.6.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.7.The factory _ we will visit is large.8.The factory _ his father works is large.9.Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.10.This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳归纳:关系副词关系副词when指时间指时间,关系副词关系副词where指地点指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.以下为较难的定语从句以下为较难的定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1.Is this the school _ you visited(-)last year?Is this school _ _ you visited last year?2.He is one of the students who _ good at math.He is the only one of the students who _ goodat math.3.The girl _ was always honest lied to me.The girl _ I met(-)lied to me.4.I dont know the time _ she arrive(-)5.China is no longer the country _ I saw(-)10 years ago.that/whichthe oneareiswhowhomwhenthat/which在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：1 1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从句中的要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等功能，如作主语还是宾语等。2 2 当当先行词指人时先行词指人时，关系代词可用，关系代词可用whowho（做主语，宾语），做主语，宾语），thatthat（做主语，宾语），做主语，宾语），whomwhom（作宾语），作宾语），whosewhose（作定语）作定语）3 3 当当先行词指物时先行词指物时，关系代词可用，关系代词可用thatthat（做主语，宾语），做主语，宾语），whichwhich（做主语，宾语）做主语，宾语）4 4 在定语从句中，在定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词常可省，作宾语的关系代词常可省，但在但在介词后面的关系代词介词后面的关系代词不能省略不能省略。指人时，介词后只用。指人时，介词后只用whomwhom，指物时，介词后只用指物时，介词后只用whichwhich。The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.若先行词在定语从句做某个介词的宾语，如果介若先行词在定语从句做某个介词的宾语，如果介词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略。词提前，作宾语的关系代词不能省略。指物，只用指物，只用 which指人指人,只用只用whomIs this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.Fill in the blanks with who,whom,that,or which.1 The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2 We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3 The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.4 A house _ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5 Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6 People _ study earthquakes thinks that there will be another big one soon.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/whomwho限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.The man who came here yesterday has come again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。Fill in the blanks with who,whom,whose that,or which.5 The family _ Im staying with(-)lives in town.6 I know the student _ article was published.7 Betty,_ has never been abroad,is studying English very well.8 My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.9 The boy to _ John spoke is my brother.thatwhosewhowhich/thatwhom