中西方文化中动物象征意义的差异复习进程.ppt

中西方文化中动物象征意中西方文化中动物象征意义的差异义的差异主讲内容主讲内容forewordforewordContentContentElseElseIntroductionAbstractSignificanceConclusion similaritiesdifferencesasnakeinthegrasslikeacatonhotbricksLionheartedGetsbsgoatSeparatethesheepfromthegoatstopdogcatanddoglifeAcatmaylooklikeaking The vocabulary in different languages can reflect the developments of different languages.There are many expressions connected with animals in both English and Chinese because of history,customs,value and religion beliefs.This PPT analyzes the differences between the English and Chinese expressions connected with animals,vividly showing the cultural influence on vocabulary and the differences between the Chinese and English culture.And it will be helpful for English learners intercultural communication.In the long course of human history,animals keep a closerelationshipcloserelationship with our human being and have a deepdeepeffecteffect on human living and growth.This relationship brings people all kinds of complicated emotion such as love,sympathy,disgust and fear.Moreover,people also often reposetheirmoodreposetheirmoodonanimalsonanimals to express their feeling.Owing to the differences of geographicalenvironmentsgeographicalenvironments and customscustoms,these words and phrases,whose denotations are similar in the two languages,have different culturalbackgroundsculturalbackgrounds in English and Chinese languages,consequently their cultural connotations will be different from each other.This PPT will mainly contrast the divergences of cultural connotations for animal words to explain the cultural differences between Chinese and English.Significance of contrast of animal wordsSignificance of contrast of animal words between English and Chinese between English and Chinese 1.Learning about the cultural differences between English and Chinese appearing in animal words can help people understand the emotional can help people understand the emotional meaning of language and the two cultures further and remove the meaning of language and the two cultures further and remove the barriers in intercultural communicationsbarriers in intercultural communications;therefore it is of great value in practice.2.Knowing about the connotations or associations of an animal word in one language can keep us away from heavy losses in commercial keep us away from heavy losses in commercial activitiesactivities owing to cultural differences between the two languages such as naming a product.3.To learn about the cultural background of a word is good for selecting good for selecting a right word for expressiona right word for expression.To an English learner,making a good understanding of both the native language and the foreign language is a good way to have a good command of the language.The similarities A same word expresses a same meaning The same connotation of different animal The correspondence of adopted words In whatever English or Chinese,lots of words,phrases or idioms are connected to animals.They are so lively and vivid that people can have a direct impression in mind,and then connect the images to the internal connotations.Because of the culture communications culture communications between east and westbetween east and west and the similarity of thinking mannerssimilarity of thinking manners,an animal word would have same or similar connotations.a same word in two languages a same word in two languages expresses a same meaningexpresses a same meaningTo both Chinese and western people,some animals contain similar connotations,“parrot”(鹦鹉鹦鹉),the animal which can simulate human voice,refers to a man who repeats the words of others without his own opinions in both the languages;“bee”(蜜蜂蜜蜂)in both English and Chinese stands for busy and hardworking people,for instance the phrase“as busy as a bee”(像蜜蜂一样忙碌像蜜蜂一样忙碌);and“jackal”(胡狼，豺胡狼，豺)means greedy,contemptible.Animal images of these words in English and Chinese cultures are identical on the whole.Wolves(狼)are all bloodthirsty and cruel,so in the two languages there are similar expressions such as“as cruel as a wolf”(像狼一样凶残),“a wolf in sheeps clothing”(披着羊皮的狼)“as hungry as a wolf”(饿得像狼).In English“wolf”has a slang meaning,saying that it refers to man who seduces women,and likewise in Chinese people have the word“色狼”;both of them developed from“greedy”(贪婪)which is an attendant meaning of“wolf”.English people usually describe that a person is“wolfing down his food”,and in Chinese people use wolf(狼)too.In Chinese it is said“狼吞虎咽”.Another similar example is the“cry wolf”and the story of“狼来了”,both of the two means telling lies.If a foreigner comments a politician like this:“that politician cries wolf in every speech he makes”,he is surely saying that“那个政治家在他的每篇演说中都说了假话”.Thesameculturalconnotationofdifferentanimalwords That is to say,different animal words can express a same or similar meaning.Although the animal word people use in one language is different from that used in the other one,they are similar in figure of speech Just because of the common characters of the common characters of human culturehuman culture,people,whatever Chinese or English,have some sameness in mind to this sameness in mind to this objective realityobjective reality.Therefore,people speaking different languages in different countries can exchange their mind freely to foreigners in cross-culture communication.To describe that a person is timid,Chinese people say“胆小如鼠”,while in English people would use“rabbit”,“chicken”,or“pigeon”for instance“as timid as a rabbit”,“chicken-hearted”and“pigeon-hearted”.What is interesting is that,mouse(鼠)in Chinese culture is considered as a timid animal,but in English people think that mice are quiet,so they say“as quiet as a mouse”.To describe some one is anxious about something,Chinese use the idiom“热锅上的蚂蚁”,while English use“like a cat on hot bricks”;Chinese say“吹牛”while English say“talk horse”;to describe some one is strong,people in English say“he is as strong as a horse”while Chinese say“健壮如牛”;English say“work like a horse(马)”while Chinese say“温驯肯干似老黄牛”.These adopted words,which are liberal translations,keep their These adopted words,which are liberal translations,keep their original animal images.These kind of adopted words are gradually used original animal images.These kind of adopted words are gradually used by people,and sometimes its hard to recognize,such as by people,and sometimes its hard to recognize,such as“ugly duck”(“ugly duck”(丑小鸭丑小鸭),“paper tiger”(),“paper tiger”(纸老虎纸老虎),),“dark horse”(“dark horse”(黑马黑马),“flea market”(),“flea market”(跳蚤市场跳蚤市场),“night),“night owl”(owl”(夜猫子夜猫子),“ostrich policy”(),“ostrich policy”(驼鸟政策驼鸟政策),“crocodiles),“crocodiles tears”(tears”(鳄鱼的眼泪鳄鱼的眼泪).).They are words of partly correspondence in cultural connotations.They are words of partly correspondence in cultural connotations.National Cultural Characters of Animal Words Cultural Differences of Animal Words Between English and Chinese The differences National cultural characters of animal words Different nations cultures are different;their cultural backgrounds endow animal words different cultural connotations.Because of the cultural clashes,some national cultural characters of animal words are obvious.Phoenix Phoenix is called“凤”or“凤凰”in Chinese.In the mind of Chinese,phoenix,is a miraculous bird beyond mundanity.As king of birds,it is always followed by the other birds,so in Chinese there is a saying“百鸟朝风”.It just corresponds to the relationship of Lord and his ministers,therefore phoenix symbolizes the power,which is the same as the Chinese dragon.Afterwards,“phoenix”(凤)gradually became a special byword for empress in feudal times.Its appearance betokens a peaceful period;,and there is also the saying“龙风呈祥”.However,it still can not match with the position of the Chinese dragon which is the symbol of the king.In western myths,phoenix is a magical bird,which is said living in Arabian Desert with a long life about 500 or 600 years.Before death,it builds a nest for its own,sings a dirge,flaps its wings to take fire to burn itself,then in ashes there comes a newborn phoenix which is so beautiful and it wont die again.Therefore,phoenix has a meaning of rebirth or revival.In English phoenix refers to perfections and excellent persons.In China,horses went to the battlefield to defend country with their masters.Therefore phrases about horse are connected to war such as“戎马生涯”,“金戈铁马”,“单枪匹马”，“马前卒”.“厉兵秣马”“马到成功”兵荒马乱”Horses are also connected to talents who can make contributions to the country,especially the well-known“千里马”(the winged horse)named by the ancients.Horse in English stands for courage,magnanimity,and means each aspect in life.Such as“a good horse should seldom spurred”(好马不用鞭),“a good horse can not be of a bad color”(好马无劣色),They are all the remarks of experienced people.There are also lots of other expressions,like“get on the high horse”(摆架子，目空一切),“lock the stable door after the horse is stolen(贼去关门)”,“it is a good horse that never stumbles”(马有失蹄),and so on.Cultural differences of animal words between English and Chinese The literal meanings of animal words in the two languages are same,but owing to each ones cultural background,including customs,religions and faith,and the words themselves in different languages,the same subject may bring about different words meanings.This is the reason why cultural conflicts happen a lot.AgoodsenseinEnglish,badinChineseIn Chinese,dogs are generally connected with In Chinese,dogs are generally connected with unpleasantness.Phrases with dogs are used as disparaging unpleasantness.Phrases with dogs are used as disparaging terms,just look at these words:terms,just look at these words:走狗走狗,狐朋狗友狐朋狗友,丧家犬（狗）家犬（狗）,狗狗仗人仗人势,狗狗东西西,狗腿子狗腿子,狗眼看人低狗眼看人低;“;“狗嘴里吐不出象牙狗嘴里吐不出象牙来来”“狗急狗急跳跳墙”“挂羊挂羊头，卖狗肉狗肉”“兔兔死狗烹死狗烹”In English people calls dog as:Mans best friend.The word In English people calls dog as:Mans best friend.The word“dog”in most situations is in good sense in English,used to“dog”in most situations is in good sense in English,used to describe a person who deserves the deserving pity.Such as describe a person who deserves the deserving pity.Such as“help a dog over a stile”(“help a dog over a stile”(帮帮助人度助人度过难关关),“a lucky dog”(),“a lucky dog”(幸幸运儿运儿),“an old dog”(),“an old dog”(老手老手/上了上了岁数数的人的人),“love me,love my),“love me,love my dog”(dog”(爱屋及屋及乌),“every dog has his day”(),“every dog has his day”(凡人皆有得意日凡人皆有得意日)In western culture,dog means faithful,reliable and hard-In western culture,dog means faithful,reliable and hard-workingworking Good sense in Chinese,bad Good sense in Chinese,bad in English in English Chinese regard the Chinese dragon“龙龙”as a totemism,and there are numbers of idioms about dragon that are all in good causes such as“龙跃凤鸣龙跃凤鸣”、“龙骧虎步龙骧虎步”etc.In China parents are all“望子成龙望子成龙”which means parents hope that children can amount to something when they grow up,so many parents would like to name their sons with“龙龙”In a verse of the ranking novel writer Kingyong(金庸金庸)it says:“虎啸龙吟，换巢鸾凤，剑气碧烟横虎啸龙吟，换巢鸾凤，剑气碧烟横”Now Western newspapers called“亚洲四小龙亚洲四小龙”“four Asian tigers”,and Chinese traditional“龙龙”are generally called“Chinese dragon”to keep away from the western“dragon”.但在西方文化中，龙则被刻画为一但在西方文化中，龙则被刻画为一种凶猛的野兽，是邪恶的象征。在种凶猛的野兽，是邪恶的象征。在圣经圣经中，中，撒旦被称为撒旦被称为“巨龙巨龙”(the great dragon),在英国的史诗在英国的史诗“The Song of Beowulf”中中,里面的主里面的主人公就是因为除掉了邪恶的龙而成为人公就是因为除掉了邪恶的龙而成为了众人缅怀的英雄。因此在英文中与了众人缅怀的英雄。因此在英文中与龙龙(dragon)相关的词大都是贬义的，相关的词大都是贬义的，可以经常用来形容蛮横的人可以经常用来形容蛮横的人(尤指悍妇尤指悍妇)或另人不悦的事物。或另人不悦的事物。Animals and human being are best friends that are closely linked with each other.Animals and human being are best friends that are closely linked with each other.Associations that come from some characters of animals are Associations that come from some characters of animals are deep in implosion and deep in implosion and deep in implosion and deep in implosion and symbolismsymbolismsymbolismsymbolism.As part of the huge vocabulary system,animal words embody each.As part of the huge vocabulary system,animal words embody each cultural character of English and Chinese.cultural character of English and Chinese.Through the contrast of these“Through the contrast of these“culturally-loaded wordsculturally-loaded wordsculturally-loaded wordsculturally-loaded words”,it is clear that animal”,it is clear that animal phrases in any language are not the representatives of animal image only;cultural phrases in any language are not the representatives of animal image only;cultural differences impress a mark on animal phrases which therefore have all kinds of differences impress a mark on animal phrases which therefore have all kinds of abundant cultural contentsabundant cultural contentsabundant cultural contentsabundant cultural contents.Its obvious that cultural tendency can not be ignored.Its obvious that cultural tendency can not be ignored during our process of language learning.during our process of language learning.We should store our minds with related cultural background knowledge at the We should store our minds with related cultural background knowledge at the right time to solidify our knowledge structure and improve our capacity to acquire right time to solidify our knowledge structure and improve our capacity to acquire and apply knowledge and apply knowledge 隐隐患患 像像热热锅锅里里的的蚂蚂蚁蚁 胆胆大大似似豹豹，豹豹子子胆胆激激怒怒,惹惹恼恼某某人人把把好好人人同同坏坏人人分分开开 优优胜胜方方争争吵吵不不休休的的生生活活地地位位虽虽不不同同，人人人人应应平平等等 结束结束