现代大学英语精读3Unit5SilentSpring.ppt

Silent Spring Rachel CarsonR einforcementT ext AnalysisB ackgroundW arming upSilent SpringUnit 5Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWarming upSilent SpringUnit 5Work in pairs to name environmental problems that are threatening our world.sand stormdesertificationsoil erosion水土流失 Deforestation采伐森林 Salinization盐化（作用）sea turtlepolar bear农药农药：farm chemicalSiamese twinsEnvironmental ProblemsAir-related environmental problemsGreenhouse effectOzone depletionAir pollutionwater-related environmental problemsAcid rainWastewaterWater crisisMarine pollution and acidification海洋海洋污染和海水酸化染和海水酸化 Land-related environmental problemsProblems arising from inefficient land use(urban sprawl城区的无计划扩张,habitat fragmentation栖息地破碎化,habitat destruction)Problems arising from land pollution and degradation(desertification,land pollution,soil pollution)Other environmental problemsThe use of pesticides Inefficient use of resources and energy crisisConservation(species)Non-recyclable waste(plastic and electronic waste)Genetic engineering(genetically modified foods)Nuclear development and nanotechnologyPopulation explosionCheck-on Preview1.We are faced with all kinds of environmental problems nowadays.But what is the one that Rachel Carson dealt with in her book Silent Spring?2.In what way is Rachel Carson unparalleled?3.Does Carson mean that insecticides should never be used in agriculture?4.How do you see the environmental problems in your city?How should our government do?and how should we citizens of this city do?Warming up1.Content&Message:fill in the gap in our knowledge of the environment of degradation between Carsons time and the present day;Develop an environmental consciousness2.Language:(new words and expressions)Practice reading skills.understanding extended essays understanding complicated paragraphs reading for gist inferring the authors attitudes/feelings/opinions/conclusions drawing inferences ObjectivesWarming upBackgroundAuthor Silent SpringUnit 5AuthorRachel Carson,writer,scientist,and ecologist,was born in Pennsylvania.She studied biology and received her MA in zoology from John Hopkins University.She wrote many books about conservation,natural resources,and the wonder and beauty of the living world.She died in 1964 after a long battle against breast cancer.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)She had an intense love for nature since her childhood:“Humans have now acquired a fateful power to alter and to destroy nature.But Man is a part of nature,and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself.”Rachel Carson Author BackgroundPublications:Under the Sea-Wind 海海风风下下The Sea Around Us 周遭之海周遭之海The Edge of the Sea在海之在海之滨滨Silent Spring 寂静的春天寂静的春天She was once bitterly attacked:“an anti-humanitarian crank,a priestess of nature,and a hysterical woman”But she courageously went on fighting until her idea caught on and more and more people joined in.the mother of modern environmental movement AuthorBackground1.How was it received?2.How significant is it now?3.Does it still make sense now?AuthorBackgroundAbout the bookWhen the book first appeared,Carson was bitterly attacked by the chemical industry and some people in the government as an alarmist,but she courageously spoke out against those criticism.the threats she had outlinedthe contamination of the food chain,cancer,genetic damage,the deaths of entire specieswere too frightening to ignore.For the first time,the need to regulate industry in order to protect the environment became widely accepted,and environmentalism was born.DetailedAnalysisStructureText AnalysisSilent SpringUnit 5 Theme I.Structure of the TextPart I:paras.1-6a town before&after the disasterPart II:paras.7-9cause of the disaster:chemicalsPart III:paras.10-14character&impact of mans tampering with naturePart IV:paras.15-18reasons why pesticides fail to solve the pest problemPart V:paras.19-24cause of modern pest problem and possible solutions Part VI:para.25Part one(1-6):DiscussionHow did the town look like before and after it was polluted?In paragraph 3,it mentioned that some evil spell settled on the community,which made the lives in this city lose its vigor.Is it the truth?If not,what made it?1.There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.(-1)heart:the central or most important part in harmony with:in a state of peaceful co-existence and agreementParaphrase:Once upon a time there was a town in the central part of America where all living things seemed to co-exist peacefully with their environment.II.Detailed Discussion of the TextE.g:racial harmonydomestic harmony Everyone lives in harmony with each other.Tourism should develop in harmony with environment.We are living in a harmonious society.harmony:n harmonious adj live in harmony with 与和谐相处 222.The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms,where,in spring,white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields.(-1)In the midst of:a.在当中（表方位)b.正当某事发生的时候（表时间）white clouds of bloom:flowers are like white clouds prosperous:booming;promising;(of plants)growing well prosper(V)prosperity(n)The town lay among booming(or well growing)farms.In spring,flowers floated above the green fields just like clouds.3.In autumn,oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a background of.set up:to cause,produce,raise:a walla blaze of color:an impressive and noticeable show of colors 色彩斑斓Para:In autumn,the oak,maple and birch trees turned yellow,red or brown,thus making a beautiful show of colors against the dark green of pine trees.Pay attention to Carsons use of color in describing the town before its environment was contaminated:white clouds of flowers floating above green fields in spring,the blaze of color in autumn,etc.Lesson 11 Silent Springflicker v./n.a.to move waveringly=twinkle;blink;limmer b.(of an idea,thought,emotion)to be expressed or appear somewhere for a short time e.g:shadows flickering on the wall leaves flickering in the wind The candle flickered in the wind.A smile flickered across his face.flame:to become suddenly bright with light or color,esp red or orangeThe autumn woods flamed with color.4.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields.(-1)(Now animals are introduced after plant life)from the noisy foxes to the quiet deer,they cried and moved as they liked.All life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.5.The countryside was,in fact,famous for the abundance and varietyabundance:n a large quantity of sth China has an abundance of natural resource.In abundance 大量，充足Abundant adj This area is abundant in petroleum deposit.abound V The stream abounds with fish.Migrant:n(1)候鸟，迁徙动物 （2）移民，移居者Immigrants/migrate/migration6.Then some evil spell settled on the community:mysterious diseases swept the flocks of chickens;the cattle and sheep sickened and died.-Then,as if by some evil power,disaster fell on the community:Strange diseases quickly struck down large numbers of chicken;the cattle and sheep became ill and died.Spell:words that make magical things happenNote the use of unit words in English:a flock of chicken/sheep/tourists;a herd of cattle/elephants7.The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.(-4)feeding station:a dish-like container fixed on top of a post where people regularly leave sunflower seeds or the like for passing birds to feed on.Feeding stations are generally put up in the backyards.-No birds came to feed on what was there at the feeding stations.Deserted:forsaken;visited by nobody(here birds)A street/island8.On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of scores of bird voices there was now no sound;(-4)-The morning air used to vibrate with the singing of birds,but there was now no sound.scores of bird:many birdsThrob:v(1)(of a part of the body)to feel a series of regular painful movements 抽动，抽筋；（2）to beat or sound with a strong,regular rhythm 跳动，搏动；(3)(of a place)to have a lot of life,energy地方充满了活力 Our campus is throbbing with life.Contrast:a town before&after the disaster Before Color:a blaze of colorSound:bark,birds singingMotion:vibrant,throbbing with lifeOverall impression:vibrant,harmonious beautiful AfterColor:browned and withered vegetationSound:still,quite Motion:lifelessOverall impression:lifeless deserted,awfulText AnalysisDetailed Analysis1.Why did the author paint such a beautiful picture of a non-existent town?2.What was she trying to appeal to?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II:Discussion(7-9)Nature Direction:environment lifeSpeed:adaptative Human Direction:life environmentSpeed:destructive irrecoverable1.How has man changed the relation between organisms and their surroundings?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:Discussion(10-14)2.In what way has mans power changed in character？(para.11)3.How do chemicals affect our life?(para.11)“passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death”4.What are the two examples given by the author as mans tampering with nature?(paras.11-13)5.Why is mans change of the world particularly devastating?(paras.12-14)Part III:Discussion Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis9.To a large extent,the physical form and the habits ofbeen molded by the environment(-10).To a large extent：在很大程度上To some extent/degree;to a certain extent/degreeMold:v to strongly influence the way sbs character,attitude and etc 对影响重大，塑造成Parents are responsible for molding childrens physical and psychological health.10.Considering the whole span of earthly time,the opposite effect,in which life actually modifies its surroundings,has been relatively slight.(-10)-When we think of the long history of life on earth,the degree(or extent)that living things affect their environment has been insignificant as compared with the effect of the environment on plant and animal life.11.but it has changed in character.(-11)but the nature of this power to alter the environment has changed.In the past,to survive humans made use of what nature offered,for example,by cutting down trees,damming rivers;now they create things that did not exist,such as chemicals and unnatural radiation.Assault:v./n the act of attacking some place in order to control itOn the early morning of Dec 7th,1941,Japanese navy launched an assault on Pearl Harbor.Contamination:the state of being pollutedContaminate v 污染 contaminant n 污染物Lethal:causing or able to cause death(deadly,fatal)A lethal nuclear weapon12.This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable.(-11)-In most cases,the polluted air,soil,and rivers and the sea cannot be restored to their original natural state.Irrecoverable:sth you cannot get back无法挽回的irreparable(not reparable);incurable;irremediable13.Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,entering into living organisms,passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death.(-11)lie long in soil:they stay in soil for a long time because they dont break down chemically thereentering into living organisms,passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death:the chemicals that insecticides contain are likely to enter birds and animals in food,and then pass out in waste matter from their bodies,get into the soil and are absorbed by the plants that grow on it.When birds and animals and people eat the plants,these substances again are taken into their bodies.This process goes on and on endlessly,poisoning plant and animal life alike.In short,the chemicals tend to be endlessly recycled in the food chains.14.Given time-time not in years but in millennia-life adjusts,and a balance has been reached.(-12)-When the environment changes,living things can adapt to their new surroundings,but it is a long process and it takes millennia of years for life to be in harmony with their modified world again.millennia of years:thousands of years 15.But in the modern world there is no time.(-12)-But in the modern world,life has no time to adjust itself to the change of environment,for mans power to temper with nature has become too great.(Man is so eager to change nature for short-term benefits,he does not think of the long-term interest of his own species.)16.The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.(-13)The environment no longer changes slowly according to the laws of nature.Rather,it is rapidly changed by shortsighted,profit-seeking mankind.Therefore adjustment can never keep up with change,and a new balance between living things and their environment can hardly be reached.1.Impetuous:(impulsive)(1)characterized by undue haste and lack of thought or deliberation;(2)marked by violent force;Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people.Dont make impetuous promises.2.deliberate:adj(1)done on purpose(2)done slowly and carefully v.to think carefully deliberate on/upon 仔细研究，考虑The old man spoke in a slow and deliberate way.He deliberated on whether to buy the villa.Cf:deliberate/reflect/meditate/ponder17.Radiation is now the unnatural creation of mans tampering with the atom.(-13)Tamper with:to meddle or interfere with 任意破坏，损害，篡改，瞎搞.The machine will self-destruct if you tamper with it.Please do not tamper with my feelings.In the past,radiation was only sent out from radioactive substances in certain rock;today man creates such harmful rays by splitting the nucleus of the atom of such substance as radium.18.The chemicals are the synthetic creations of mans inventive mind,having no counterparts in nature.(-13)-Nature does not produce such things as chemicals.They are man-made,i.e.the result of mans creative power.Synthetic:artificial1.Why are pesticides not a good solution?(3 reasons)They kill indiscriminately,reducing biodiversity.(para.16)They contaminate the entire environment.(para.16)residual effectThey couldnt solve the pest problem.(para.17)resistance to chemicalsresurgence induced by pesticidesText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart IV:Discussion(15-18)2.What does the“endless spiral”refer to?(para.17)3.What does the author mean by saying“all life is caught up in its violent crossfire”?(para.17)4.What is the authors attitude towards mans use of chemicals?How is it implied?Rhetorical questions:“Can anyone believe it is?”(para.16)“How could intelligent beings?”(para.18)Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart IV:Discussion 19.These chemicals are now applied almost universally to farms,gardens,forests,and homes(-16)apply sth to:（1）应用于，实践于；适合，符合（2）涂抹，擦上（3）apply oneself to 专心于，投身于（4）apply for 寻求工作，职位e.g:We should apply what we have learned to practice.She never goes out without applying sun cream to/on her face and neck.My son is applying himself to the new toy truck.Im writing to apply for a position of a manager.Words:application,applicant20.to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish,to coat the leaves with a deadly film,and to linger on in soil(-16)to kill the birds and fish,to cover the leaves with a thin layer of death-causing chemicals and stay in soil for a long timeLinger on:(1)stay or remain for a long time(1)继续残留（2）留恋