现在分词的用法课件.ppt

Grammar and usage八滩高二英语备课组八滩高二英语备课组葛卫红葛卫红Therearemanysleepingstudentsinclass.（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）Feelingthelessonisboring,thestudentsaresleepy.Thestudentsfeelthelessonboring.Thelessonisboring.（宾补）（宾补）（状语）（状语）功功能能定语定语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语1.Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.2.Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitorsfather.3.Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.4.Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?5.Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.6.Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.1.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.2.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadarest.3.Thelargebuildingbeingbuiltisalibrary.4.Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.（一般式）（一般式）（完成式）（完成式）（被动语态）（被动语态）（被动完成式）（被动完成式）时态和语态时态和语态3.ThemanwhoisrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.2.ThemanrunninginthepictureisLiuXiang.1.arunningman一一、V-ingusedasattribute:ThefactorymakingTVsetsisverylarge.Themainroadbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.此处为什么用此处为什么用beingbuiltThemainroad_willbecompletednextyearthat/whichisbeingbuiltThemainroad_(build)nextweekisbeneficaltoourlife.tobebuiltcci此处的此处的tobebuilt是什么形式做什么成分？你能是什么形式做什么成分？你能体味它和体味它和beingbuilt的不同吗？的不同吗？ThefactorywhichmakesTVsetsisverylarge.1.Thatwasanextremelyinterestingspeech.2.Awood-burningstoveisenvironmentallyunfriendly.Note:副词或名词可以和现在分词在副词或名词可以和现在分词在一起构成复合名词一起构成复合名词翻译：1.令人信服的证据2.一段难熬的时光3.正在讨论的问题4.即将在会上讨论的问题5.令人惊异的人6.迅速发展的经济7.经营这个工厂的老板theconvincingenvidenceatryingtimetheproblembeingdiscussedtheproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingtheamazingpersonthefast-growingeconomythebossrunningthefactory小小结结:V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行形式作定语可表示动作正在进行或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系。或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系。单个单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前；词之前；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词词组修饰名词则置于名词之后，此时相当于一个定语从句。之后，此时相当于一个定语从句。2.Wenoticedalotofpeople_(wait)toenterthestadium.二二、V-ingusedasObjectComplement:1.Wesawsomestudents_(play)basketballontheplayground.3.Theyhavethefire_(burn)allnight.playingwaitingburningV-ing形式作宾语补足语置形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例进行的动作（如例1、2），），或强调一个过程或一种状态。或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例（如例3）小小结结：V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：小小结结：1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。等。2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave，等。如：，等。如：V-ing形式作宾语补足语时，往形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主谓关系。往同宾语存在逻辑主谓关系。1.Hewasoftenheard_(sing)theEnglishsongs.2.Hewasheard_(sing)theEnglishsongwhenIpassedby.3.Heleftthefire_(burn)allnight.4.Thestudentwascaught_(cheat)intheexam.PracticeFillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.tosingsingingburningcheating当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。发现一个陌生人站在大门口。Whenwereturnedtotheschool,we_attheentrance.我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。I_ontheground.那老板让工人整夜地工作。那老板让工人整夜地工作。Theboss_thewholenight.foundastrangerstandingfoundabaglyingkept/hadtheworkersworkingPracticeCompletethesentences:with+宾语宾语+todoWith+宾语宾语+doneWith+宾语宾语+doing1.Withsomanydifficultproblems_(solve),hecouldtravelwithhiswife.2.Withsomanydifficultproblems_(solve),hecouldnttravelwithhiswife.3.Withtheman_(solve)somanydifficultproblems,hecouldtravelwithhiswife.4.Hehadtocomebackhomewithhismoney_/_(用光）用光）solvedtosolveslovingrunningoutrunoutof他对母亲的关爱很感人。他对母亲的关爱很感人。Hisconcernforhismotheris_.三、三、Vingusedaspredicativetouching/moving-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表语语,相当于形容词相当于形容词,表示主语的性质表示主语的性质Thefilmisinteresting.小提示小提示：动名词和现在分词可用：动名词和现在分词可用very来鉴来鉴别别:在在v-ing前加上前加上very句意说得通的是现在句意说得通的是现在分词分词,说不通的是动名词说不通的是动名词.interesting使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的1.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed2.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burning D.burnedMultiplechoice:3.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofname.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt4.Theoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworked D.havingworked5.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketintoapassengerA.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting6.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingB.C.tosmokeD.smoked四四、V-ingusedasanadverb:V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原词组可以在句中充当时间、原因因、结果结果、条件条件、伴随伴随、让步等状语。让步等状语。-ing短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如：短语作时间状语一般置于句首。如：Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.=Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。来。1.作时间状语作时间状语收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。_Idecidedtowriteback.=_,IdecidedtowritebackHavingreceivedhisletterAfterIhadreceivedhisletter，Askingaround,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly._,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayslightlyhigherpricesforthingsthatareenvironmentallyfriendly.WhenIaskaround_(observe)theproblemformanyyears,heannouncedthatwearenowfacingthebiggestenvironmentalproblemofourtime._years,heannouncedthatwearenowfacingthebiggestenvironmentalproblemofourtime.当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，当现在分词短语用来表示时间时，可以和可以和when,after等引导的时间状语从句互换等引导的时间状语从句互换HavingobservedAfterhehadobservedtheproblemformany,_(criticize)bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了HavingbeencriticizedAfterhehadbenncriticized_bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking-ing短语作原因状语。如：短语作原因状语。如：Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.=Because/since/ashewassoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。因为太生气了，他不能入睡。2.作原因状语作原因状语Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithhim_wecouldntgetintouchwithhimAs/Because/Sincewedidntknowheradress，Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,_(hope)toavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.Wearemakingbiggerholesinthenets,becausewehopetoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.=_(notknow)whattodo,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.不知道该做什么，我只好在家里等着不知道该做什么，我只好在家里等着_,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.hopingNotknowingAsIdidntknowwhattodo_(suffer)fromheartdiseaseforyears,hehadtotakemuchmedicine._,hehadtotakemuchmedicineHavingsufferedAs/Becausehehadsufferedfromheartdeseaseforyears-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。3.作条件状语作条件状语注意：_,andyouwillsucceed.Workhard_(prepare)fully,wecanachievegreatthings._,wecanachievegreatthings._,andwecanachievegreatthings.当现在分词用来表示条件时，可以当现在分词用来表示条件时，可以和和if引导的条件状语从句互换引导的条件状语从句互换PreparingIfwepreparefullyPreparefully比较下面三个句子，体味其不同之处比较下面三个句子，体味其不同之处第一个句中第一个句中we的前面可以加一个的前面可以加一个and吗？吗？为什么？为什么？Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,makingtheairdirty.Thefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke,（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）whichmakestheairdirtyShedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,causinghertokeepaslimfigure.Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday,_hertokeepaslimfigure.Shedoesexerciseforanhoureveryday。_,shekeepsaslimfigure.4.作结果状语作结果状语whichcausesThefactorykeepsreleasingsmoke._theairismadedirty.Asaresult,AsaresultThecouplewentshopping.Asaresult,theylefttheireldestdaughteraloneathome.=Thecouplewentshopping,_(leave)theireldestdaughteraloneathome.=Thecouplewentshopping,_theireldestdaughteraloneathome.(用非用非限制性定语从句）限制性定语从句）leavingwhichleft当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和当现在分词短语用来表结果时，可以和asaresult引导的结果状语从句互换。引导的结果状语从句互换。也相当于也相当于which引导一个非限制性定语从句引导一个非限制性定语从句Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.=Theysangandlaughed;theycameintotheclassroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。他们又唱又笑地走进教室。5.作伴随状语作伴随状语Thestudentscamein,_(follow)theirteacher.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_(bring)meafullbasketoffreshfruits.followingbringing-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与句末，常与evenif,though连用。如：连用。如：6.作让步状语作让步状语Thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight,hisfatherdidntgetenoughfood.=Althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight,hedidntgetenoughfood.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。是挣不到足够的吃的。When_(develop)theeconomy,wehavetotakeenvironmentalprotectionintoconsideration.这是一个省略句，请补充完整这是一个省略句，请补充完整developing_,wehavetotakeenvironmentalprotectionintoconsideration.WhenwearedevelopingtheeconomyWhile_inBeijing,hecametoseemetwice.=_,hecametoseemetwice.stayingWhilehewasstayinginBeijing思考下面的句子：思考下面的句子：小小结结:1.连词连词+现在分词短语也可用来表示时间，常用的现在分词短语也可用来表示时间，常用的连词有连词有when,while,相当于这些连引导的一个从句。相当于这些连引导的一个从句。2.动词动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。Hetraveledontheplanelikethis,keepingthetortoisehiddeninablanket._thebadnews,hecouldnthelpburstingintotears.A.HeardB.HavingheardB.C.HearingD.HavingbeenheardC._totheschoolbuilding,thevisitorswereledtoseethelibrary.D.BeingshownB.ShownE.C.HavingbeenshownD.Havingshown(keeping的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，都是的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，都是he)1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.Choosethecorrectsentence.完成主动式完成主动式1.Havingfinishedherhomework,shewenttobed.2.Havingheardthis,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.分词所表示的动作发生在句中分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词谓语动词所表示的动所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语时间或原因状语用，用，不能做不能做定语用。定语用。一般被动式一般被动式表示正在发生的被动动作表示正在发生的被动动作,在句中作定语或在句中作定语或状语。状语。Thecarbeingrepairedismine.Thecarwhichisbeingrepairedismine.Beingrepaired,thecarcantbeused.As/Becauseitisbeingrepaired,thecarcantbeused.完成被动式：完成被动式：表示发生在谓语动作之前的表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作被动动作，在，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。句中多作状语，不能作定语。Havingbeenpraisedasecondtime,Idecidedtomakestillgreaterprogress.Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldntverywellleave.非谓语动词的否定式均为非谓语动词的否定式均为not+not+非谓语动词非谓语动词 现在分词的否定形式现在分词的否定形式not+现在分词现在分词（完成的否定式（完成的否定式not放在放在having之前）之前）Notknowinghowtodyethesilkred,hewenttoherforhelp.Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.一些独立结构一些独立结构：1.Generally_(speak),wehavelearntalotinthisschool.2._(judge)fromhisappearance,heissomebody.3._(tell)youthetruth,yourworkisterrible.speakingJudgingTotell1._areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2.Alicereturnedfromthemanagersoffice,_methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.（04全国全国IV）A.havingtoldB.tellsC.totellD.telling3._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited4.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wenton D.togoon3._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited4.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wenton D.togoon1.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus_thedelay.A.tocauseB.causingC.causedD.cause2.The_boywaslastseen_nearthebankofthelake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplayExercise3.Afterseeingthemovie,_.A.thebookwasreadbyhimB.thebookmadehimwanttoreaditC.hewantedtoreadthebook D.thereadingofthebookinterestedhim4.Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,_dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying5.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed6.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight_alongspeechforthepresident.A7.Johnsbadhabitis_withoutthoroughunderstanding.A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.reading8._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived考例考例1Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.（NMET2003）A.smoke B.smokingB.C.tosmokeD.smoked.考点考点V-ing形式作宾语补足语。形式作宾语补足语。考例考例2Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(2006全国全国卷卷III)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothink D.thought考点考点V-ing形式作原因状语。形式作原因状语。考例考例3Whilewatchingtelevision,_.（2005全国卷全国卷II）AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings考点考点当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。必须与句子的主语保持一致。考例考例4Theoldman,_abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.(2004江苏江苏)A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked考点考点当分词作时间状语时当分词作时间状语时考例考例5_theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.（广东（广东2004）A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted考点考点非谓语动词的否定形式非谓语动词的否定形式