【教学资料精创】高三英语一轮复习之名词性从句课件.pptx

名词性从句目录定义连接词的用法主 语 从 句宾 语 从 句表 语 从 句同 位 语 从 句p r a c t i c e每小结+最后在句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括在句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.He didnt tell me where the meeting would be held.Ill forever cherish the days when i studied abroad.The doubt is who has got away with the document.主语从句：从句做主语主语从句：从句做主语宾语从句：从句做宾语宾语从句：从句做宾语表语从句：从句做表语表语从句：从句做表语同位语从句：从句做同位语同位语从句：从句做同位语定 义引导名词性从句的词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的词可分为三类：丛属连词丛属连词，连接代词，连接副词，连接代词，连接副词丛属连词：丛属连词：that;whether;ifThat we need more equipment is obvious.The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.It is doubtful if the work can be completed on time.that,whether,if 在句中在句中不充当不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；任何成分，只起连接作用；thatthat没有实际意义没有实际意义(可省略可省略)，whether，if翻译成翻译成“是否是否”不能省略。不能省略。引导词的用法引导词的用法引导词的用法引导词的用法引导词的用法引导词的用法引导名词性从句的词可分为三类：丛属连词，引导名词性从句的词可分为三类：丛属连词，连接代词连接代词，连接副词，连接副词连接代词连接代词：what,whatever,which,whichever,who,whoever,whom,whose等。What you said is right.who will be in charge of the project hasnt been decided yet.Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.连接代词在从句中既作连接代词在从句中既作特定成分特定成分，又有，又有具体的含义具体的含义，不能省略。，不能省略。Whichever one of you breaks the windows will have to pay for it.引导词的用法引导词的用法引导词的用法引导词的用法引导名词性从句的词可分为三类：丛属连词，连接代词，引导名词性从句的词可分为三类：丛属连词，连接代词，连接副词连接副词连接副词：连接副词：when,why,where,how,whenever,wherever等等Sometimes,how we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.He didnt tell me where the meeting would be held.连接副词在从句连接副词在从句做状语做状语，又有，又有具体的含义具体的含义，不能省略，不能省略主语从句When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.What struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出是亲姐妹。影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深厚的爱。That the college will take in more new students is true.一、一、that that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句thatthat置于句首的主语从句置于句首的主语从句thatthat从句做主语时，为了避免头重脚轻，常用从句做主语时，为了避免头重脚轻，常用itit作形式主语，而把作形式主语，而把thatthat引导的主语从引导的主语从句后置句后置It is obvious that youve made a big mistakeIt is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.注意：注意：It is necessary/imporant/surprising/unthinkable/unbeliecable/incredible+that 从句中，常用的谓语动词；常用should+动词原形，其中should可以被省略 It is necessary that a college student(should)master one or two foreign languages.necessary,right,unlikely,strange,natural,certain,clear,possible,obvious,important.necessary,right,unlikely,strange,natural,certain,clear,possible,obvious,important.1 1.It+.It+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+that+that从句从句英译汉2.It+2.It+2.It+2.It+系动词系动词系动词系动词+名词（词组）名词（词组）名词（词组）名词（词组）+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句真遗憾，你昨天没参加讲座。It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture yesterday.pity/honour/shame/wonder/good news/no wonder/fact难怪你取得了这么大成功。It is no wonder that youve achieved so much success.汉译英It is said that 据说据说It is reported that 据报道据报道It is suggested that 有人提议有人提议It is advised that 有人建议有人建议3.It+3.It+3.It+3.It+bebe+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词+thatthat从句从句从句从句It is thought that 人们认为人们认为It is considered that 人们认为人们认为It is well-known that 众所周知众所周知It is hoped that人们希望人们希望It is announced that据宣布据宣布人们普遍认为，男孩比女孩更擅长理科It is said that the professor has already succeed in carrying out this experiment据说，这位教授已经成功进行了这项实验据报道，在事故中没有乘客受伤It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accidentIt is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.汉译英4.4.4.4.It It+动词（动词（动词（动词（+宾语或状语）宾语或状语）宾语或状语）宾语或状语）+that+that+that+that从句从句从句从句It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.It happened that I was away when he called 我突然想起来我们应该与经理取得联系他打电话时，我碰巧不在家It happens that碰巧碰巧 It follows that接下来下来It seems/appears that看来、似乎看来、似乎It turns out that 结果结果汉译英主语从句主语从句不可位于句首不可位于句首的四种情况的四种情况一般情况下，主语从句可用形式主语it代替而将真正的主语从句后置，也可将主语从句放在句首，大多数情况下两者可以互换。在下列在下列四种情况四种情况下主语从句不可提前而必须用形式主语下主语从句不可提前而必须用形式主语itit代替而将真正的主语从句后置。代替而将真正的主语从句后置。a a、It is said/believed/reported thatIt is said/believed/reported that结构中主语不可提前结构中主语不可提前。It was reported that a war between the two countries broke out.That a war between the two countries broke out was reported.（正）（错）b、It happens/occurs结构中主语不可提前。It happens that I meet my old friend in the cinema.（正）（错）That I meet my old friend in the cinema happens.（正）（错）It occurred to me that I hadnt locked the door.That I hadnt locked the door occurred to me.Whether you buy it or not doesnt matter.c、It doesnt matter 结构中主语不可提前Is that he has joined the army a fact?It doesnt matter whether you buy it or not.（正）（错）d、含主语从句的主从复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前Is it a fact that he has joined the army?（正）（错）二、二、二、二、whether/if/wh-whether/if/wh-类引导的主语从句类引导的主语从句类引导的主语从句类引导的主语从句Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.What makes the book so extrordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.What the kid wanted was only a new schoolbag whether引导主语从句可放句首，句末；if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需要用it作形式主语。wh-类连接词引导主语从句时，有时也可用it做形式主语；what引导主语从句时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循意义一致的原则。It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.What the kid wanted were some new books.易混辨析易混辨析whether与与if引导主语从句的区别：引导主语从句的区别：Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。1It is not a problem _ we can win the battle;its just a matter of time.2But perhaps _ many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food.3It is estimated _ coral reefs contribute billions of dollars to the world economy annually,providing food，protection of shorelines，and jobs.检检 测测 回回 收收whether what that我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达。Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.表语从句用作表语的从句称为表语从句，表语从句放在系动词之后充当表语。一般结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”引导表语从句的that不可省略，表示“是否”时只能用whether不能用if。也可由疑问代词或疑问副词引导。可以接表语从句的系动词有be、look、remain、seem等。你犯错误的原因是你缺乏自信疑惑的是谁偷走了文件为什么不去市中心碰碰运气呢？那里是有最好的工作的地方。The reason for your mistakes is that you lack confidence.The doubt is who has got away with the document.Why not try your luck downtown?Thats where the best jobs are.英译汉as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词seem，look，taste，sound，feel，appear等动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.2 2as if/as though引导的表语从句It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.It looks as if it is going to be fine.3 3because，why引导的表语从引导的表语从句句The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.(1)This is because.这是因为(强调原因)(2)The reason why.is that.的原因是(3)That is why.那就是的原因(强调结果)From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水所覆盖。他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。becausebecause引导的表语从句，主语不能是引导的表语从句，主语不能是reasonreason或或causecause(该结构常用该结构常用thatthat引导引导)。常见的表语从句句型：常见的表语从句句型：(1)It looks/seems as if.好像好像；仿佛；仿佛(2)His dream/suggestion/aim/purpose is that.(should+)动词原形动词原形.It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.It looks as if it is going to be fine.My suggestion is that we(should)have a discussion about this matter instead of just it aside.The captains order was that we(should)start out immediately it got dawn.The proposal of the UN is that a peacekeeping force(should)be sent to the area.What surprised us most was that he came late again.(3)what(3)what从句从句bethat从句从句最让我们惊讶的是他又迟到了。(4)(4)A is to B what C is to D A对于对于B就像就像C C对于对于D D一样一样Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.1Another reason is _ many of todays young people believe its wrong to kill animals for food.2This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.3.One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to plcaes like shops and restaurants.4.A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not ships are built for.5.By boat is the only way to get there,which is we arrived.6.when we are choosing furniture,you only foucs on function while i think more about the design.Thats we differ.thatwhatthatwhathowwhere检检检检 测测测测 回回回回 收收收收1.1.动词后的宾语从句动词后的宾语从句我不明白他是怎样买到一辆这么昂贵的轿车的。动词动词+宾语从句宾语从句；介词介词+宾语从句；宾语从句；形容词形容词+宾语从句宾语从句As a new graduate,he doesnt know what it takes to start a business here请告诉我我们什么时候讨论我们的工作计划我怀疑他是否会来参加我们的婚礼I cant see how he bought such an expensive carPlease tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.I doubt whether he will come to the wedding.大多数及物动词后可接宾语从句大多数及物动词后可接宾语从句宾语从句有些动词短语也可以接宾语从句有些动词短语也可以接宾语从句常见的动词短语有：常见的动词短语有：find out;point out;figure out;make sure/certain;keep/bear in mind Can you figure out what the poet really mean in this poem?请查明那艘船什么时候起航开往纽约？Please find out when the ship sails for New York?我们应当牢记：运动不但可以帮助我们增强我们的体质，而且还能发展我们的个性 We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.当你上交试卷时前要确保试卷上一个错误也没有 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in.可以用形式宾语可以用形式宾语itit代替宾语从句代替宾语从句动词动词find,find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时，等后有宾语补足语时，需要需要用用itit做形式宾语做形式宾语，而将，而将thatthat引导的宾语从句后置。引导的宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.I have made it a rule that i keep diaries.有些动词或词组带宾语从句时需要在从句前加有些动词或词组带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it，如，如hate，like，dislike，appreciate，see to，depend on 等，等，take it for granted中的中的itit是位于动词短语中而不是从句前。是位于动词短语中而不是从句前。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.Some students just take it for granted that they will pass the exam.You may depend on it that they will support you.若宾语从句是由若宾语从句是由wh-wh-类词引导的，其后有类词引导的，其后有to be 短语作宾补时，则不可用短语作宾补时，则不可用it代替代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.We discovered it to be valuable what we had learned.动词动词+宾语从句；宾语从句；介词介词+宾语从句宾语从句；形容词形容词+宾语从句宾语从句Martha is always thinking of how she can do more for others.一般情况下，一般情况下，介词后常用介词后常用wh-wh-类连接词类连接词引导宾语从句引导宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.凯特对她在展览上看到的东西很感兴趣Kate was interested in what she had seen at the exhibition.我感谢你所有的事。I thank for what you have done.practice一般情况下一般情况下thatthat宾语从句不能同介词搭配宾语从句不能同介词搭配，只有在，只有在少数几个介词后少数几个介词后可接可接thatthat宾语从句宾语从句如：in、but、except、save、not with understanding。已经形成固定的习惯搭配，in that（在于、由于）、but that（要不是）、except/save that（除了）、not with understanding that（虽然）。I will do my best notwithunderstanding that the result is unknown.The composition is good except that there are some spelling mistakes.The young man cant do the job in that it is tough and complicated.他们看上去很相似，除了其中一个稍高一点。practice他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上They look very similar except that one is a little tallerHe differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.动词动词+宾语从句；宾语从句；介词介词+宾语从句；宾语从句；形容词形容词+宾语从句宾语从句表示“情感”的形容词，如sure,certain,glad.pleased.happy,afraid.surprised,satisfied,sorry等后可接宾语从句Im very pleased that all of your family will come.Im sure that theyll make it in spite of the terrible weather.宾语从句中应注意的问题宾语从句中应注意的问题（1 1）宾语从句的语序）宾语从句的语序表疑问的宾语从句需要陈述句语序They couldnt understand why i refused.We are worried about what we should do next.（2 2）宾语从句引导词）宾语从句引导词thatthat的省略的省略由that引导的宾语从句在一般情况下that可以省略，但是在下列情况下that常不可省略。一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个thatthat可省略，第二个和后面几个从句的可省略，第二个和后面几个从句的thatthat不可省略不可省略Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language,saying(that)it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.接着老师开始告诉我们关于法语的一些事情，他说法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须保留这种语言，永远不能忘记。宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时Tom told me that he would win.有有itit做形式宾语时做形式宾语时We all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.我们都认为孩子在长身体时喝很多牛奶是重要的。当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时He said that studing English was very hard.主语中的状语置于宾语从句之前时主语中的状语置于宾语从句之前时I realized at once that i had done wrong immediately she told me all about this.主语谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时主语谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时Everyone could say,i believe,that Tom was really afraid.宾语从句的状语置于该从句句首时宾语从句的状语置于该从句句首时He told us that,if we could all come to help out,the whole situation would be getting better.当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时Lisa has made up her mind that she will study hard for the scholarship.在在agree,explainagree,explain等动词后引导宾语从句时等动词后引导宾语从句时He explained that what he really liked about the job was that it was healthy.Finally,he agreed that i should do the work.（3 3）宾语从句的否定转移）宾语从句的否定转移当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine,guess,expect等，且宾语从句表示否定含义时，常把否定转移至主句I dont think that he is a good child.我认为他不是一个好孩子（4 4）宾语从句的时态）宾语从句的时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词时态的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态一致。主句谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句谓语动词可用除过去完成时，过去完成进行时以外任何所需的时态。I know that peoples handwriting changes as they get older.Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games bagan?主语谓语动词如果是一般过去时，从句谓语动词一般要用过去的某种时态。I only knew he was studying in a western country,but i didnt know which country he was in.He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.注注 意意如果主句中谓语动词的时态是一般过去时，但宾语从句表达的是科学真理或自然规律的内容，那么从句中的谓语动词时态不受主句时态的限制The teacher told us that the earth travels around the sun.有时尽管主句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时，但宾语从句中有绝对的表示过去的时间状语，此时从句中谓语动词扔用一般过去时（而不用过去完成时）She told me that she bought a computer in 2005.2 2 在在 whether/ifwhether/if连连 接接 的的 宾宾 语语 从从 句句 中中，whether/ifwhether/if意意 为为“是是 否否”，但但 在在whether.or whether.or notnot结结构构中中，或或者者whetherwhether引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句作作介介词词的的宾宾语语时时，以以及及whetherwhetherto to dodo结结构构中中和和whetherwhether引引导导的的从从句句作作少少数数动动词词(如如leaveleave，putput，discussdiscuss，doubtdoubt，knowknow等等)的宾语时，只能用的宾语时，只能用whetherwhether，不能用，不能用if if来替换。来替换。我不知道是否出发去北京。Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether shell accept it.我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。I dont know whether to set off for Beijing or not.1The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.2What students do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go.3Im not sure _ is more frightened,me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.4.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.5.I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.whatwherewhowhathow检检检检 测测测测 回回回回 收收收收直接引语&间接引语引述别人的话一般有两种形式：一种是引用原话，放于括号内，即为直接引语；一种是用自己的话进行转述，被转述的话不放于引号内，即为间接引语。1.1.各种句式的转换各种句式的转换（1）直接引语为陈述句：转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略that，主句引述动词主要为say,tell,repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等。The doctor said to me:”You should take plenty of water and eat more vegetables.”The doctor told me that i should take plenty of water and eat more vegetables.直接引语&间接引语（2）直接引语为疑问句：间接引语必须用陈述句语序。直接引语为一般疑问句间接引语基本句式：主语+asked（sb）+if/whether从句He said:Have you read this book?”He asked me if/whether i had read that book