中考英语主谓一致.ppt

语法复习专题语法复习专题-主谓一致主谓一致一、考点聚焦一、考点聚焦 1、语法形式上的一致、语法形式上的一致主主语语为为单单数数形形式式，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式；主主语语为为复复数数形形式式，谓谓语语动动词词也也用用复复数数形式。形式。(1).Thenumberofstudentsinourschool_(be)1700.(2).MaryandKelly_(be)alike.2、意义上一致意义上一致（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Myfamily(be)watchingTVat7oclockyesterdayevening.单数形式代表复数内容的词有单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle、militia等。等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Thenews(be)veryexciting.复数形式代表单数内容的词复数形式代表单数内容的词有有news、works（工厂）、工厂）、means和以和以ics结尾的结尾的 学科名称学科名称physics、politics、economics等。等。isarewereis3、就近原则、就近原则即即谓谓语语动动词词的的单单复复数数形形式式取取决决于于最最靠靠近近它它的的词词语语。并并列列主主语语由由连连词词or、eitheror、neithernor、notonlybutalso等等连连接接时时，谓谓语语动动词与靠近它的主语一致。词与靠近它的主语一致。EitheryouorI_(be)mad.Eithertheteacherorthestudents(be)toblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher(do)knowaboutit.Therebe句型中，也遵循就近原则。句型中，也遵循就近原则。There(be)mywifeandfamilytolookafter.There(be)anapple,twoorangesandsomebananasontheplate.amaredoesntisis4、应注意的若干问题、应注意的若干问题（1）名词作主语。）名词作主语。集集体体名名词词family,team,class,group,nation,world,government等等作作主主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。Myfamily_(be)goingoutforatrip.Thewholefamily_(be)watchingTV.这这类类词词还还有有audience、club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、party、public、等。等。Population和和“agroup(crowd)of+复复数数名名词词”也也适适用用于于这这种种情情况况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。某某些些集集体体名名词词如如people、police、cattle、oxen只只当当复复数数看看待待，谓谓语语动动词必须用复数。词必须用复数。Thepolice_(have)caughtthethief.People_(be)talkingaboutthenews.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheep_（be）overthere.Somesheep_(be)overthere.isareisarehaveare名名词词所所有有格格之之后后的的名名词词被被省省略略，这这种种情情况况一一般般只只指指商商店店、工工场场、住住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。Myuncles_(be)notfarfromhere.常见的省略名词有常见的省略名词有thebakers,thedoctors,theZhangs等。等。当当名名词词词词组组中中心心词词为为表表示示度度量量、距距离离、金金额额、时时间间、书书名名等等复复数数名名词词时时，往往往往可可以以根根据据意意义义一一致致的的原原则则，把把这这些些复复数数名名词词看看作作一一个个整整体体，谓语用单数。谓语用单数。Thirtyyears_(be)passed.Fiveminutes_(be)enoughtofinishthetask.不不定定代代词词each、every、no所所修修饰饰的的名名词词即即使使以以and或或逗逗号号连连接接成成多多个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclass_(have)adictionary.isisishas如如果果主主语语有有morethanone或或manya构构成成，尽尽管管从从意意义义上上看看是是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudent_(have)seentheplay.Manyaboy_(have)boughtthatkindoftoy.但是，但是，“more+复数名词复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语用复数。结构之后，谓语用复数。Moremembersthanone(be)againstyourplan.一一些些由由两两个个部部分分构构成成的的名名词词表表示示衣衣物物或或工工具具作作主主语语时时，谓谓语语通通常常用用复复数数形形式式。如如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。等。Yourtrousers(be)tooshort.但但如如果果主主语语用用akindof、apairof、aseriesof等等加加名名词词构构成成时时，谓谓语语动动词一般用单数形式。词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoes_(be)onthedesk.hashasareareisthiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这这种种书书)，其其谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数；短短语语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口口语语)（这这一一类类人人），但但thiskindofmen的的谓谓语语用用单单数数，menofthiskind和和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数，的谓语用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。Thiskindofmen_(be)dangerous.Menofthiskind_(be)dangerous.复复数数形形式式的的单单、复复数数同同形形名名词词作作主主语语时时，按按意意义义一一致致的的原原则则，用用作作单单数数意意义义时时，谓谓语语用用单单数数，反反之之，谓谓语语用用复复数数。这这类类名名词词有有means、works、species(种种类类)、Chinese、Japanese等等。当当它它们们的的前前面面有有a、sucha、this、that修修饰饰时时，谓谓语语用用单单数数；有有all、such、these、those修修饰饰时时，谓谓语语用用复复数。数。The/Thisglassworks(be)setupin1980.The/Theseglassworks(be)neartherailwaystation.isarewasare(11)如如果果名名词词词词组组中中心心词词是是all、most、half、rest、part等等词词语语，所所指指是是复复数数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。Allofmystudents(be)workinghard.Alloftheoil_(be)gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Betweenthetwowindows_(hang)anoilpainting.（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。由连接词连接的名词作主语。用用and或或bothand连连接接并并列列主主语语，谓谓语语动动词词通通常常用用复复数数形形式式。但但如如果果并并列列主主语语指指的的是是同同一一个个人人，同同一一事事物物或或同同一一概概念念时时，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数形形式式，这这时时and后面的名词没有冠词。后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonesty_(be)thebestpolicy.Toloveandtobeloved_(be)thegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_(be)agoodhabit.Aknifeandfork_(be)onthetable.areishangsareareisis当当主主语语后后面面跟跟有有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with、like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等等引引导导的的词词组组时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的单单、复复数数根根据据主主语语的的单单、复复数而定。数而定。Theteacheraswellasthestudents(be)excited.Theroomwithitsfurniture(be)rented.以以or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等等连连接接的的词词作作主主语语时，采取时，采取“就近原则就近原则”。Tomorhisbrothers(be)waitingintheroom.Eitheryouorhe(be)togo.NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse(know)anythingaboutit.is/wasis/wasareisknows（3）代词作主语。）代词作主语。名名词词性性物物主主代代词词后后的的动动词词，既既可可以以用用单单数数，也也可可以以用用复复数数，这这取取决决于于它它所所代代替的是单数还是复数。替的是单数还是复数。Ours(OurParty)_(be)agreatParty.Yourshoes_(be)white,mine(=myshoes)_(be)black.such、thesame起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such_(be)ourplan.Such_(be)hislastwords.关关系系代代词词who、that、which等等在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的数数应应与与句中先行词的数一致。句中先行词的数一致。Ihavetwosisters,who(be)bothstudents.Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthat(be)justcrossingthetrack.Thebuildingwhich(stand)neartheriverisourschool.isareareisarearewerestands疑疑问问词词who、what、which作作主主语语时时，谓谓语语动动词词可可根根据据说说话话人人所所要要表表达达的的意意思决定单、复数。思决定单、复数。“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisXiaoLiu.”“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisWangandLi.”不不定定代代词词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等等作作主主语语时时，要要注注意下列情况：意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Nowall(have)beenchanged.All(be)present.Letsbeginthemeeting.（B）其其后后接接of时时，若若of的的宾宾语语为为不不可可数数名名词词，动动词词用用单单数数形形式式；若若of的的宾宾语语为为复复数数名名词词或或代代词词时时，动动词词可可以以是是单单数数，也也可可以以是是复复数数；在在正正式式文文体体中中，单单数数形形式的动词更常用。式的动词更常用。(do)anyofyouknowabouttheaccident?Noneofus(have)seenthefilm.liveslivehasareDose/dohas/have（4）分数、量词作主语。）分数、量词作主语。“分分数数或或百百分分数数+of+名名词词”构构成成的的短短语语以以及及由由“some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,avarietyof,therestof+名名词词”构构成成的的短短语语作作主主语语时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词要要与与短短语语中中of后后面面的的名名词词的的数数保保持持一一致致，这这是是因因为为短短语语中中后后面面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。Lotsofdamage_(be)causedbyflood.Alotofstudents_(have)gonetothecountryside.Alargequantityofbeer_(be)sold.(large)quantitiesof修修饰饰少少数数复复数数名名词词或或不不可可数数名名词词作作主主语语时时，谓谓语语用用复复数数。largeamountsof修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。Quantitiesoffood(be)onthetable.Largeamountsofmoney(be)spentonthebridge.washavewasare/werewere表表示示数数量量的的oneandahalf后后，名名词词要要用用复复数数形形式式，但但是是其其短短语语作作主主语语时时，谓谓语动词用单数形式。语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfapples_(be)leftonthetable.halfof、(a)partof修修饰饰可可数数名名词词单单数数及及不不可可数数名名词词时时，谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数，修修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。Halfofthefruit(be)bad.Halfoftheapples(be)bad.a(great)numberof,many,afew修饰可数复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。修饰可数复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。alittle,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修修饰饰不不可可数数名名词词作作主主语语时时，谓谓语语用用单数。单数。Anumberofstudents(have)gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Agreatdealoftrouble(lie)beforeus.isisarehaveliesthenumberof+可数复数名词，可数复数名词，theamountof+不可数名词，不可数名词，thequantityof+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时谓语用单数。可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时谓语用单数。Thenumberofstudentsinourschool(be)increasing.Thequantityofbooksinthelibrary(be)amazing.Thequantityofheatintheoffice(have)notbeenincreased.Theamountofmoney (be)great.(5)名词化的形容词作主语。名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）形容词（或过去分词）”结构充当时，谓语通常用复数。结构充当时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有这类词有therich、thepoor、thebrave、theinjured、theliving、thewounded等。等。Theblind(study)inspecialschools.但指个别时用单数。但指个别时用单数。Thedeparted（死者）死者）(be)awell-knownengineer.（6）从句作主语。从句作主语。由由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。Whatweneed_(be)moremoney.Whatweneed_(be)moreteachers.isishasisstudywasisare在在“oneof+复复数数名名词词+who/that/which”引引导导的的从从句句结结构构中中，关关系系代代词词who/that/which的的先先行行词词是是靠靠近近它它的的复复数数名名词词而而不不是是one，因因此此从从句句中中的的谓谓语语动动词词要要用用复复数数形形式式。但但是是当当one前前有有theonly等等修修饰饰时时，关关系代词的先行词是系代词的先行词是one,因此从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。因此从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthat_(have)beentoldbymyfather.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswho_(be)lateforclasstoday.（7）非谓语动词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。非谓语动词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。Tosee(be)tobelieve.Seeing(be)believing.（8）the+姓的复数形式作主语表示姓的复数形式作主语表示“某人一家人某人一家人”时，谓语用复数时，谓语用复数TheTurners(be)sittingatthebreakfasttable.havewasisisare二、精典名题导解（选择填空）二、精典名题导解（选择填空）1.One-thirdofthearea_coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has2.The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is3.What _ the population of China?One-third of the population _workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_right.Heaswellaswe_right.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are5.Whathedlike_adigitalwatch.Whathedlike_textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;isCBABC6.6.He He is is one one of of the the boys boys who who _ _ here here on on time.time.He He is is the the only only one one of the boys who _ here on time.of the boys who _ here on time.A.has come;have come B.have come;has come A.has come;have come B.have come;has come C.has come;has come C.has come;has come D.have come;have come D.have come;have come 7.7.Either Either you you or or he he _ _ interested interested in in playing playing chess.chess._ _ you you or or he fond of music at present?he fond of music at present?A.A.are;are;AreB.AreB.is;is;Are Are C.C.are;are;Is D.is;IsIs D.is;Is8.8.Many Many a a professor professor _ _ looking looking forward forward to to visiting visiting Germany Germany now.now.Many Many scientists scientists _ _ studied studied animals animals and and plants plants in in the the last last two two years.years.A.A.is;is;haveB.haveB.is;is;has has C.C.are;are;have D.is;are have D.is;are 9.9.A A knife knife and and a a fork fork _ _ on on the the table.table.A A knife knife and and fork fork _ _ on on the table.the table.A.A.is;is;isB.isB.are;are;are are C.C.are;are;is D.is;are is D.is;are 10.10.Her Her family family _ _ much much larger larger than than mine mine four four years years ago.ago.Her Her family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.family _ dancing and singing when I came in last night.A.A.were;were;wasB.wasB.was;was;wereC.wereC.was;was;was D.were;werewas D.were;were BBACB11.11.How How and and why why Jack Jack came came to to China China _ _ not not known.known.When When and and where where to build the new library _ not been decided.to build the new library _ not been decided.A.A.is;is;hasB.hasB.are;are;has has C.C.is;is;have D.are;havehave D.are;have12.12.Now Now Tom Tom together together with with his his classmates classmates _ _ football football on on the the playground.playground.A.A.playB.playB.are are playing playing C.C.playsD.is playingplaysD.is playing13.13.Two Two hundred hundred and and fifty fifty pounds pounds _ _ too too unreasonable unreasonable a a price price for for a second-hand car.a second-hand car.A.A.is is B.B.are are C.C.were D.bewere D.be14.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.14.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A.A.are are B.B.is is C.C.were D.waswere D.was15.15.Soon Soon after after the the earthquake,earthquake,every every man,man,woman woman and and child child _ _ about it.about it.A.A.were were talking talking B.B.was was talkingtalking C.talkD.talks C.talkD.talksADAAB16.16.We We each each _ _ strong strong points points and and each each of of us us on on the the other other hand hand _ weak points._ weak points.A.A.have;have;have have B.B.has;has;havehave C.has;has D.have;has C.has;has D.have;has17.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.17.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A.A.raceB.raceB.races races C.C.is is raced D.is racingraced D.is racing18.There _ a pen,two pencils,and three books on the desk.18.There _ a pen,two pencils,and three books on the desk.A.A.are are B.B.is is C.C.has D.havehas D.have19.19.The The factory,factory,including including its its machines machines and and buildings,buildings,_ _ burnt burnt last night.last night.A.A.is is B.B.are are C.C.were D.waswere D.was20.Climbing hills _ of great help to health.20.Climbing hills _ of great help to health.A.A.is is B.B.are are C.C.were D.bewere D.beDBBDA21.21.Time and tide _ for no man.Time and tide _ for no man.A.A.waitB.waitB.waited waited C.C.is is waiting D.has waitedwaiting D.has waited22.22.The The injured injured in in the the tsunami tsunami _ _ good good care care of of by by some some medical medical teams.teams.A.is taken B.are being taken A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is being taken C.are taking D.is being taken23.It is not only J.K.23.It is not only J.K.Rowling Rowling but her works that _ us excited.but her works that _ us excited.A.A.makes makes B.B.is is made made C.C.make D.are mademake D.are made24.24.On On the the closet closet _ _ a a pair pair of of trousers trousers his his parents parents bought bought for for his his birthday.birthday.A.A.lying lying B.B.lies lies C.C.lie D.is laidlie D.is laid25.25.Each Each man man and and each each woman woman _ _ asked asked to to help help when when the the fire fire broke broke out.out.A.A.is is B.B.was was C.C.are D.wereare D.wereABABB26.26.Large quantities of water _ needed for cooling purpose.Large quantities of water _ needed for cooling purpose.A.A.isB.isB.are are C.C.has has D.D.havehave27.27.Neither Neither of of the the novels novels which which _ _ popular popular with with us us _ _ been been translated into Chinese.translated into Chinese.A.A.are,are,has has B.B.are,are,have have C.C.is,is,have have D.D.is,hasis,has28.Alice,together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.28.Alice,together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A.Was punished B.punished C.were punished D.have been punishedA.Was punished B.punished C.were punished D.have been punished29.Apples of this kind _.29.Apples of this kind _.A.A.tastes tastes good good B.B.tastes tastes well well C.C.taste taste good D.taste wellgood D.taste well30.The rich _ not always happy.30.The rich _ not always happy.A.A.are are B.B.is is C.C.will D.maywill D.mayBAACA