中考英语语法名师精讲复习课件：非谓语动词.ppt

非谓语动词一、定一、定义义 不不充充当当句句子子谓谓语语的的动动词词叫叫做做非非谓谓语语动动词词。它它们们不不受受主主语语限限制，无制，无时态时态与与语态变语态变化，又称非限定性化，又称非限定性动词动词。二、形式二、形式1.动词动词不定式（不定式（to do sth.）2.动动名名词词（v.-ing）现现在分在分词词（v.-ing)3.分分词词 过过去分去分词词（v.-ed或不或不规则变规则变化）化）考点一考点一 动词动词不定式不定式 动动词词不不定定式式可可作作主主语语、表表语语、宾宾语语、定定语语、状状语语和和宾宾语语补补足足语语，我我们们主主要要掌掌握握不不定定式式作作宾宾语语、宾宾语语补补足足语语及及目目的的状状语语的的用法。用法。功能例句说明主语To swim here is dangerous.在这儿游泳是危险的。动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语表语My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。多数情况下，动词不定式作表语，可转换为作主语功能例句说明宾语I want to be an actor.我想成为一名演员。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语宾语补足语She asked me to speak English.她要求我说英语。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役动词后，不定式省略to定语Do you have anything to say?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面状语I come here to see you.我来这里是为了见你。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致此外，不定式可以与疑此外，不定式可以与疑问词连问词连用用,用作主用作主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语等。等。I cant decide which one to buy.我不能决定我不能决定该买该买哪一件。（作哪一件。（作宾语宾语）When to start hasnt been discussed.什么什么时时候开始候开始还还没有被没有被讨论讨论。（作主。（作主语语）【温馨提示温馨提示】(1)help后接不定式后接不定式时时可以省略可以省略to；(2)有有些些动动词词后后接接不不定定式式时时通通常常省省略略to：feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have（简记为简记为一感一听三看三一感一听三看三让让）。）。上述上述动词变为动词变为被被动语态动语态后，其后的不定式必后，其后的不定式必须补须补上上“to”。Tom helped his brother(to)learn to swim.汤汤姆帮他的弟弟学姆帮他的弟弟学习习游泳。游泳。变变为为被被动动语语态态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom.We often hear Jack sing English songs.我我们们常听常听见见杰克唱英文歌。杰克唱英文歌。变为变为被被动语态动语态：Jack is often heard to sing English songs.【巧学妙巧学妙记记】只能跟不定式作只能跟不定式作宾语宾语的的动词动词决心学会有希望（决心学会有希望（decide,determine,learn,wish,hope）,同意同意计计划莫假装划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒胆敢拒绝绝会失会失败败（dare,refuse,fail）,准准备设备设法来帮忙法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供提供请请求求负负担起担起(offer,beg,demand,afford),答答应应安排理安排理应应当（当（promise,arrange,be supposed）,以上后跟不定式，以上后跟不定式，劝劝君牢君牢记记永不忘。永不忘。考点二考点二 动动名名词词 动动名名词词相当于名相当于名词词、形容、形容词词。可作主。可作主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语和定和定语语。功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示习惯性的动作Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是用来寄信的。元贝驾考网 http:/ 科目一 科目三 仿真试题功能例句说明表语His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语定语Bill is in the reading room.比尔在阅览室里。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙巧学妙记记】喜喜欢欢（enjoy)不断不断(keep)提建提建议议（suggest)盼望盼望(look forward to)习惯习惯(be used to)却完却完毕毕(finish)想要想要(feel like)花花费费(spend)去去练习练习(practice)忍俊不禁忍俊不禁(cant help)还还介意介意(mind)后接后接动词动词-ingMy grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldnt help laughing.爷爷爷爷不停地不停地讲讲笑笑话话，我忍不住笑了。，我忍不住笑了。【温馨提示温馨提示】部部分分动动词词既既可可接接动动名名词词作作宾宾语语，又又可可接接不不定定式式作作宾宾语语，两两者者意意义义区区别较别较大。大。remember doing sth.记记得做得做过过某事某事remember to do sth.记记得去做某事（未做）得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘了做忘了做过过某事某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（未做）忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事need doing sth.需要做某事（被需要做某事（被动动含含义义）need to do sth.需要去做某事（主需要去做某事（主动动含含义义）try doing sth.尝试尝试做某事做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事尽力做某事hear/see sb.doing sth.听听见见/看看见见某人正在做某事某人正在做某事hear/see sb.do sth.听听见见/看看见见某人做了某事某人做了某事 考点三考点三 分分词词 1.分分词词的构成的构成分分词词分分为为现现在在分分词词和和过过去去分分词词两两种种。现现在在分分词词由由“动动词词+-ing”构构成。成。过过去分去分词词的基本形式是的基本形式是“动词动词+-ed”，但也有不，但也有不规则规则的形式。的形式。2.分分词词的句法功能的句法功能功能例句说明定语Do you know the boy playing football?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？Please hand in your written exercise.请交上你的笔试练习。现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语功能例句说明表语The news is exciting.这个消息令人兴奋。Im interested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态补足语Dont keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等很长时间。I had my hair cut last night.昨天晚上我理发了。现在分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系).用所用所给词给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1.（2012安安顺顺中中考考）Mr.Scott made a living by _(sell)old things.2.（2011遵遵义义中中考考）Trust him!He has no difficulty _(work)out the problem.答案：答案：1.selling 2.working 3.（2011滨滨州州中中考考）David preferred _(sell)newspapers to doing housework when he was young.4.（2011兰兰州州中中考考）The student _（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning.5.（2011梧梧州州中中考考）Davy enjoys _(play)tennis and baseball.答案：答案：3.selling 4.named 5.playing.单项选择单项选择1.(2012安安顺顺中中考考)Do you know whether the man _ by the door is Mr.Smith?Sure.Weve known each other for a long time.A.stand B.standing C.stood D.stands【解解析析】选选B。standing by the door是是现现在在分分词词短短语语作作后后置置定定语语表表示示动动作作正正在在进进行行，与与被被修修饰饰的的man之之间间存存在在主主动动关关系系。故故选选B。2.（2012随随州州中中考考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal.A.for us to play B.of us playingC.for us playing D.of us to play【解解析析】选选A。Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.意意为为“做做某某事事对对某某人人”，其其中中it为为形形式式主主语语，动动词词不不定定式式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选是真正的主语，故选A。3.(2012自自贡贡中中考考)When are you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting【解解析析】选选A。have sth.done“让让被被做做”。过过去去分分词词作作宾宾语语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。4.（2011山山西西中中考考）Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking,or they will break the law.A.drive B.driving C.to drive【解解析析】选选C。allow sb.to do sth.“允允许许某某人人做做某某事事”，其其被被动动语语态态为为sb.be allowed to do sth.“某某人人被被允允许许做做某某事事”。故故选选C。5.（2011重重庆庆中中考考）We dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whether to do D.to do whether【解解析析】选选C。“特特殊殊疑疑问问词词+to do”在在此此作作know的的宾宾语语，再再由由it可知，句中已有动词可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选的宾语，故选C。6.（2011绵绵阳阳中中考考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of after-class activities.A.to take B.takeC.taking D.to taking【解析解析】选选A。encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。鼓励某人做某事。金手指驾校 http:/ 金手指驾驶员考试2016科目一 科目四Grammar Focus9.（2011眉眉山山中中考考）Its a little cold today.Would you mind _ the window?Of course not.A.not opening B.not to openC.dont open D.no opening【解解析析】选选A。Would you mind doing sth.?“你你介介意意做做某某事事吗吗？”,其否定形式为其否定形式为Would you mind not doing sth.?