定语从句代词.ppt

The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句 欣赏He is not a true man.不到长城非好汉不到长城非好汉He laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。who has never been to the Great Wall who laughs last 在复合句中，修饰在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句的从句叫做定语从句,定语从句有时也定语从句有时也可以修饰可以修饰一个句子一个句子。被定语从句所修饰。被定语从句所修饰的词叫的词叫“先行词先行词”。形式：形式：先行词先行词+关系词关系词+从句从句 This is the This is the bookbook thatthat I wantI want.定义定义The beautiful girl is his sister.The girl who is sitting near the window is his sister.形容词作形容词作定语定语句子作句子作定语定语定语从句定语从句什么叫定语从句什么叫定语从句?先行词先行词被定语从句修饰的被定语从句修饰的名词名词关系词关系词代替代替先行词先行词,在在从句从句中做主语中做主语定语从句分类定语从句分类定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性限制性定语从句：先行词在意义上定语从句：先行词在意义上不可不可缺少的缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就定语，如果去掉，主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号不可用逗号分开。分开。The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性非限制性定语从句：从句与主句的关系不十定语从句：从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的附加的说明，如说明，如果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句果去掉，主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用用逗号分开，一般不用that关系词关系词关系代词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,as,(what)关系副词关系副词:when,where,whythat=in which(可省略可省略)关系词关系词X1.引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当在定语从句中担当 一个成分。一个成分。关系词的三个作用关系词的三个作用:A plane is a machine that can fly.The book that I have read is very good.The boy that is reading the book is Jim.The girl that we saw yesterday is Lily.They planted the trees which didnt need much water.The fish which we bought were not fresh.The boy who broke the window is John.The person whom you just talked to is Mr.Li.Miss Wang is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.Pass me the book whose cover is black.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法指代范围指代范围主格主格宾格宾格所有格所有格人人whowhomwhose物物whichwhichwhose=of which thatthat-人或物人或物asas-suchasthe sameas-The book is very good.I have read it.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The book is very good.I have read that/which.The book that/which I have read is very good.The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw whom yesterday.The girl whom we saw yesterday is Mary.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系We saw some trees.The trees leaves were black with disease.We saw some trees.whose leaves were black with disease.We saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.He lived in a room.The rooms window faces south.He lived in a room whose window faces south.关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He likes the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.The eggs(that/which)I bought were not fresh.The friend who/that came to supper last night was not hungry.He likes the cheese that/which comes from his parents farm.The noodles(which/that)you cooked were delicious.I dont like the people that/who smoke a lot.限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词注意事项注意事项:1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成：构成：先行词先行词 之后之后“.的的”关系词关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语宾语,并且起连接作用作主语主语 代替 the man作宾语宾语 代替the book作宾语宾语 代替everything作地点状语状语 代替in the school关系代词关系代词that 与与which的区别的区别用用that that 而不用而不用whichwhich的情况的情况1.1.先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词all,much,little，everything,anything,nothing,none,few,one，any等Is there anything that I can do for you?2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用时，用that。This is the best book that Ive ever read.This is the first thing that I want to say.3.3.当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the same,little,few,no,any等修饰时等修饰时.It is the only thing that I like to do.用用that that 而不用而不用whichwhich的情况的情况4.当当先行词先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含包含了指人和物两方面的含义时。义时。They talked about the things and persons that they knew in the school.5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的开头的句子中句子中Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate?Which is the star that is nearest to the earth?用用that that 而不用而不用whichwhich的情况的情况1.1.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中。用用whichwhich而不用而不用thatthat的情况的情况:2.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.3.先行词本身是先行词本身是thatThe clock is that which tells the time.钟表是告诉人们时间的钟表是告诉人们时间的当先行词是指人的当先行词是指人的those,anyone,everyone,people,he,all,one,few 等不定代词时，引导词用等不定代词时，引导词用who而不用而不用that.Eg:I am willing to help those who are in trouble.用用whowho不用不用thatthat的情况：的情况：1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.that,which thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat,which,whose,whom 9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.12.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.13.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatthatwhich whomwhose用适当的关系代词填空用适当的关系代词填空1 The girls _ served in the shop were the ownersdaughters.2 The ladder on _ I am standing was bought in thesupermarket.3The girl _ I spoke to was a student.4He hides all the people and things _ he knows.5He saw a house _ windows were all broken.6All the apples _ fall are eaten by wild bears.7Can you think of anyone _ could look after him?8This is the best restaurant _ I have known.who/thatwhichwhom/that/who thatwhosethatwhothat9 He showed a machine _ parts are too small to beseen.10You can take any room _ you like.11 The road conditions there turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.12He was educated at the local high school,after _he went on to Beijing University.13 Among the winners stands little Tom _ father isseriously ill in hospital.14 Do you still remember the chicken farm _ _ wevisited three months ago?whosethatwhichwhichwhose(that/which)介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toinThe man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句,关键关键 是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。此时关系代词只能用此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom;不可不可用用that 或或who 代替代替二、用适当的关系词填空二、用适当的关系词填空on which1.This is the train _ they often go to Shanghai.2.He worked in a factory _ produced computer partsfor some key companies.which/that3He was educated at a famous university,_ _ he wentabroad and settled there.after which4.You may call me from one to six oclock,I amalways at home.during which5.Who is the boy in blue over there _ _ you talked tojust now?that/whom1.Did you recognize the man with _ I shook hands?2.Do you still remember the boy about _ sister people talk a lot?3.They blew up the building on _top there was a flag.4.A biologist is a man from _ you can learn a lot of knowledge of biology.whomwhosewhosewhom1.Did you recognize the man with _ I shook hands?2.Do you still remember the boy about _ sister people talk a lot?3.They blew up the building on _top there was a flag.4.A biologist is a man from _ you can learn a lot of knowledge of biology.whomwhosewhosewhom改错改错1.Under the big tree are 34 students,many of them come from Class Two.2.My mother has a good book,which cover looks terrible.3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me it before.4.There is an old woman,that is holding a stick.whomwhosewho