名词性从句宾和表.ppt

Although loneliness has alwaysbeen a friend of mineIm leaving my life in your handsPeople say Im crazy and that I am blindRisking it all in a glanceHow you got me blind is still a mysteryI cant get you out of my head(I)Dont care what is written in you historyAs long as youre here with meI dont care who you arewhere youre fromwhat you didAs long as you love mewho you arewhere youre from Dont carewhat you didAs long as you love me Every little thingthat you have said and doneFeels like its deep within me(It)Doesnt really matter if youre on the runIt seems like were meant to be As Long As You Love Me-BackstreetboysLetsenjoyasongtogether!名词性从句名词性从句宾语从句宾语从句&表语从句表语从句一、基础点拨一、基础点拨（一）名词性从句（一）名词性从句1.定义：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的定义：在主从复合句中，相当于名词的从句称之为名词性从句。名词性从句在句从句称之为名词性从句。名词性从句在句中的功能相当于名词。它包含主语从句、中的功能相当于名词。它包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。2.名词性从句的关联词及其在句中的功能。名词性从句的关联词及其在句中的功能。分类分类关联词关联词意义意义功能功能连接连接词词that无意义无意义不充当成分不充当成分whether/if是否是否不充当成分不充当成分关系关系代词代词Who(ever)（无论）谁（无论）谁主、宾、表主、宾、表Whose谁的谁的定定What(ever)（无论）什么（无论）什么主、宾、表、定主、宾、表、定Which(ever)（无论）哪一个（无论）哪一个主、宾、定主、宾、定关系关系副词副词When(ever)（无论）何时（无论）何时时间状语时间状语Where(ever)（无论）哪里（无论）哪里地点状语地点状语Why为什么为什么原因状语原因状语How(ever)（无论）如何（无论）如何方式状语方式状语（二）宾语从句（二）宾语从句1.定义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句，定义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句，其作用相当于一个名词。它可以作及物动其作用相当于一个名词。它可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。Wehavedecidedthatwewouldgotherebybus.PeopleinChongqingareproudofwhattheyhaveachievedinthepasttenyears.1.由连接代词由连接代词that引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不在从句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。省去。Hesaid(that)therewouldbeameetingthatafternoon.2.Whether/if引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当引导的宾语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，但是有任何成分，但是有“是否是否”之意，从句要用陈之意，从句要用陈述语序。述语序。Idontknowwhether/ifheisill.3.连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分。疑问句，连接词都在从句中担当一定的成分。从句语序要用陈述语序。从句语序要用陈述语序。IdontknowwhatIshoulddonext.Idontknowwhereweshouldstart.注意注意：wh-ever与与nomatterwh-易错点拨易错点拨（1）whatever/whoever/whichever等既可以引等既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。（2）nomatterwhat/nomatterwho/nomatterwhich等只用于引导让步状语从句。等只用于引导让步状语从句。（3）两种形式在引导让步状语从句时可互换。）两种形式在引导让步状语从句时可互换。nomatterwhatwhatevernomatterwhenwhenevernomatterwhichwhichevernomatterwhowhoevernomatterwherewherevernomatterhowhowever“nomatter+疑问词疑问词”与与“疑问词疑问词+ever”都可引起都可引起让步状语从句让步状语从句，可以通用；，可以通用；HoweverbusyIam,Iwillhelpyou.=NomatterhowbusyIam,Iwillhelpyou.Wheneverheisfree,hewillplaycomputergames.(=nomatterwhen)Whereveryougo,youshouldhaveinmindthatthisisalwaysyourhome.(=nomatterwhere)who/whom/which/whose/what+ever还可以还可以引导名词性从句引导名词性从句。wherever引导地点状语引导地点状语从从句；句；whenever引导时间状语引导时间状语从句从句Givethisbooktowhoeverlikesit.谁喜欢谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。这本书就给谁吧。（这里不能用（这里不能用nomatterwho。）。）IwilldowhateverIcantohelpyou.(=anythingthat)(不可用不可用nomatterwhat)难点一：宾语从句的时态难点一：宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态一般要受主句的限制。宾语从句的时态一般要受主句的限制。主句是现在时态时，从句时态根据情况而定；主句是过主句是现在时态时，从句时态根据情况而定；主句是过去时态时，从句须用于过去有关的时态，除非宾语从去时态时，从句须用于过去有关的时态，除非宾语从句叙述的是真理、客观事实或谚语。句叙述的是真理、客观事实或谚语。Hetoldusthathehadbeenmarriedfor10years.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.难点二：语序问题难点二：语序问题 1.Whats the matter?Whats wrong?用于名用于名词词性性 从句中，从句中，语语序不序不发发生生变变化。化。Could you tell me what is the matter?2.doyouthink/believe/suppose/suggest等作插入语时，从句部分用陈述句语序。等作插入语时，从句部分用陈述句语序。WhodoyouthinkisgoodatEnglish?若主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词为若主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语前，从句谓语用肯定形式。反到主句谓语前，从句谓语用肯定形式。反义疑问句的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从义疑问句的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。句的主语和谓语保持一致。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这裙子不是很适合你的身材。我认为这裙子不是很适合你的身材。Idontthinkhewillcomehereontime,willhe?难点三：省略问题难点三：省略问题及物动词后跟两个或两个以上宾语从句时只有第及物动词后跟两个或两个以上宾语从句时只有第一个连词一个连词that可以省略。可以省略。Hesaid(that)thetextwasimportantandthatweshouldreciteit.难点四：某些表语形容词后（难点四：某些表语形容词后（sure,certain,glad,surprised等）可接宾语从句。等）可接宾语从句。Hewasafraidthatsomeonemightfindhim.难点五难点五:whether与与if都可引导宾语从句，常可以都可引导宾语从句，常可以互换。但在以下几种情况下只用互换。但在以下几种情况下只用whether。1.后面直接跟后面直接跟ornot时时wedontknowwhetherornotshewasready.2.在介词后在介词后Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework.3.主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether4.whether后面可与不定式连用后面可与不定式连用Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.5.在在discuss后后ThecommitteearediscussingwhetherhecanjointheParty.6.动词动词doubt用于肯定句式，其宾语从句用用于肯定句式，其宾语从句用whether。但用于否定句式或疑问句时，接。但用于否定句式或疑问句时，接that从句。从句。IdoubtverymuchwhetherheiscomingWedontdoubtthathecandoagoodjobofit.7.如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用不用whether.Idontknowifitwontraintomorrow.我不知道明天是不是会下雨。我不知道明天是不是会下雨。难点六难点六:虚拟语气的问题虚拟语气的问题在在demand,order,suggest,insist,propose,advise,desire等表示要求、命等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后，that宾宾语从句中谓语动词常用语从句中谓语动词常用“(should+)动词动词原形原形”，表示虚拟语气。，表示虚拟语气。Thepolicemandemandedthatthegate(should)beshut.难点七：几类it 作形式宾语的句型（1）主语）主语+think/consider/find/feel/make+it+adj./n.+that-从句从句Ireallyfinditapitythatyoudidntcometotheparty.Hefoundithardthathewasburiedinthestudies.(2)主语主语+hate/dislike/love/like/appreciate+it+when-/that-/if-从句从句Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmonthsfull.(3)主语主语+seeto/dependon/relyon/answerforit+that-从句从句Youmustseetoitthatthedoorsarelockedbeforeyouleavethelab.Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometomeetyou.表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-inging形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。式和从句等来充当。Eg.（例子）（例子）The person stood in front of you just now is my headmaster.I didnt know that it was you at that time.The door remained closed.Marys daily job is cleaning the house.名词名词充当表语充当表语代词代词充当表语充当表语动词过去分词动词过去分词充当表语充当表语动词动词-ing形式充当表语形式充当表语The house is not only large but also beautiful.When I went to your house,you were out.No one was in the dorm,when she arrived.My job is to teach you English.The reason why he came late was that his clock didnt work.介词短语介词短语充当表语充当表语副词副词充当表语充当表语形容词形容词充当表语充当表语不定式不定式充当表语充当表语从句从句充当表语充当表语可以接表语从句的可以接表语从句的系动词系动词有：有：1:be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2:feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell 3:stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,run,fall5:prove,turn out（三）表语从句（三）表语从句1.定义：在复合句中充当表语的句子被称为表语定义：在复合句中充当表语的句子被称为表语从句。从句。考点考点1.that引导表语从句无任何意义，也不充引导表语从句无任何意义，也不充当任何句子成分，通常不省略。当任何句子成分，通常不省略。MydreamisthatIwillhavemyowncompany.考点考点2.whether引导表语从句（此时通常不可引导表语从句（此时通常不可用用if代替）代替）Theproblemiswhetherwecangetthereontime.考点考点3.where引导表语从句，可表示抽象意义引导表语从句，可表示抽象意义.的的地方，地方，.点。点。Thatswhereyouaremistaken.YouaresayingeveryoneshouldbeequalandthisiswhereIdisagree.规则规则4.常见的表语从句句型：常见的表语从句句型：（1）as,asif/asthough引导的表语从句常置于引导的表语从句常置于系动词系动词seem,appear,look,sound,feel等后。等后。Itlooksasifastormwouldcomesoon.Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.事情并不总像表面上看来那样。事情并不总像表面上看来那样。*as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是事引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时从句就用主句一般现在时从句就用过去式，过去式，be的话变成的话变成were。主句是过去。主句是过去式，从句用过去完成时式，从句用过去完成时)。It looks as if he were her own father.(与事实不符)Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain.(2)句子主语为句子主语为thereason时，表语从句时，表语从句通常用通常用that引导，即构成句型：引导，即构成句型：Thereasonwhy.isthat.;Thereasonfor.isthat.意为意为“.的的原因是原因是”.Thereasonwhyheaskedfortwodaysleaveisthathehadtotakecareofhissicksom.(3)because可引导表语从句，常用于结构：可引导表语从句，常用于结构：This/Thatisbecause.意为意为“.这这/那是因那是因为为.”（强调原因）（强调原因）注意注意:thatswhy.那是那是的原因。（强调结果）的原因。（强调结果）Hewasabsenttoday.Thatsbecausehefelloffthebikeandhurthisleg.Hefelloffthebikeandhurthisleg.Thatswhyhewasabsenttoday.考点考点5.虚拟语气虚拟语气主语为主语为advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desire,requirement,request,order,command等表示建等表示建议、要求、命令等意义的名词时，表议、要求、命令等意义的名词时，表语从句的谓语用语从句的谓语用(should+)动词原形。动词原形。Hisrequestisthatthey(should)stayheretorthenight.从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life.A.whose B.what C.which D.that2.Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is _ he never finishes anything.A.that B.when C.where D.why3.Weve offered her the job,but I dont know _ shell accept it.A.where B.what C.whether D.which4.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand.A.why B.that C.which D.what5.How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with,whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why6.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats _ I dont agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what7.The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A.that B.if C.when D.whether8The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A.because B.that C.for D.because of9.Go and get your coat.It s _you left itA.where B.there C.there where D.where there10The problem is _to take the place of TedA.who can we get B.what we can getC.who we can get D.that we can get11.What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A.that B.if C.whether D.不填