读写任务 (4).ppt

高考读写任务写作技巧高考读写任务写作技巧读写任务读写任务概括概括发表观点或看法发表观点或看法如何概括一个段落如何概括一个段落如何概括一篇文章如何概括一篇文章观点观点原因，例证原因，例证How to sum up a passage?1.确定文章的文体确定文章的文体,确定你的作文开头确定你的作文开头.2.快速阅读，找出文章的中心句快速阅读，找出文章的中心句,一般在文一般在文章开头、中间、或结尾的部分。章开头、中间、或结尾的部分。3.用自己的话转述，注意改变措词，避免用自己的话转述，注意改变措词，避免原句抄袭。原句抄袭。Styles of passagenarration1argumentation2exposition3.4How to summarize a narration:Skill:要素串联法要素串联法 WhatWhoWhenWherewhyhowYou may begin like these:1.The passage is about2.The writer tells us about 3.The story is about 4.The author tells us that 故事性阅读材料，应该用故事性阅读材料，应该用最简练的语最简练的语言言来说明故事来说明故事讲述讲述了什么，不能拖泥了什么，不能拖泥带水，而且带水，而且最好讲述该故事给你的启最好讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理示或其中的一个道理。How to summarize an argumentation论点论点观点观点主题句主题句论据论据（事例）（事例）结论结论Skill:议论三步法议论三步法 Usually the beginning of a summary is:1.The passage mainly tells us(talks about)2.We can know from the passage 3.As far as the author is concerned,如果是议论文的阅读短文如果是议论文的阅读短文,则要则要尽可能客观简要地尽可能客观简要地转述转述阅读材阅读材料的观点。料的观点。How to summarize an expositionSkill:中心句挖掘法中心句挖掘法句首句首/结尾结尾（中心句）（中心句）句中句中（main points,reasons etc.）You may begin like these:1.It is stated in the article that2.According to the passage,the author states that 3.In the passage,the author states that 如果是如果是说明性说明性短文短文,你就必须用你就必须用概括概括的的文字来说明某种现象。文字来说明某种现象。Summary 1.Focus on main ideas and omit(省去省去)examples,details.(注重大意，省去详细的例子、细节)2.when use the words and phrases in the original passage,do not include your own opinion,but be sure to use your own words.(引用原文的词句,不能添加自己的见 解，但是要用自己的语言概括）3.Write it in the third person.（第三人称）（第三人称）4.Control the number of words about 30.评论某一事物利与弊的套用格式评论某一事物利与弊的套用格式1.提出要评论的事物或观点提出要评论的事物或观点.2.分别陈述利与弊分别陈述利与弊(或不同的观点或不同的观点)3.归纳得出作者的结论归纳得出作者的结论.4.a.有定论的有定论的,作者可明确表态作者可明确表态(赞成或反赞成或反对对)5.b.争议较大的或尚无定论的争议较大的或尚无定论的,可不明确可不明确表态表态,提出扬长避短的方法提出扬长避短的方法,也可以平衡也可以平衡其利弊其利弊,提出某种期望和设想提出某种期望和设想.典型模板典型模板Just as a coin has two sides,_ also has some side effects.However,_ has also a lot of problems.For one thing,_;For another thing,_._ has brought a number of benefits to us.is a beneficial activity,in which we can obtain many advantages.First of all,_.Also,_.Most importantly,_.We are all aware that everything has its two sides._ is no exception.开头开头:优优点点：缺缺点点：表达个人观点的用语表达个人观点的用语I thinkI firmly believe that In my opinion,Personally speaking,As far as I am concerned,（据我所知，（据我所知，就我而言）就我而言）From my point of view,.（从我的角度（从我的角度来看）来看）文章结构文章结构1）first,second,third,last（不推荐，原因：俗（不推荐，原因：俗)2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（不推荐）（不推荐）3）to start with to begin with（首先，起初，一（首先，起初，一开始）开始）,next,then,furthermore（而且，此外）（而且，此外）,finally（推荐）（推荐）4）first and foremost（首要的，首先）（首要的，首先）,besides,in addition,whats more(而且而且),last but not least（最后但并非最不重要）（推荐）（最后但并非最不重要）（推荐）5）on the one hand,on the other hand（适用（适用于相对立的两点的情况）于相对立的两点的情况）6）for one thing（一则）（一则）,for another thing（再则）（适用于两点的情况）（再则）（适用于两点的情况）文章主体三大要素文章主体三大要素一、举例！提出一个观点，举实例证明！一、举例！提出一个观点，举实例证明！To take for example,For exampleinstance 二、做比较方法：通过比较，可以更好地突出作者二、做比较方法：通过比较，可以更好地突出作者的观点的观点.whereas（然而，而）（然而，而）,while（然而）（然而）,on the contrary（相反地），（相反地），compared with,（和（和相比，比较）相比，比较）三、换言之没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让读者三、换言之没话说了，可以换一句话再说，让读者更充分的理解你的观点。更充分的理解你的观点。I cannot bear it.That is to say,I cannot put up with it.In other words,I am fed up with it.结尾结尾:1）In spite of these disadvantages,I think _ does more good than harm（利大于利大于弊弊）to _.We must take a correct attitude towards _.We should take full advantage of（充分利用）（充分利用）it and avoid its disadvantages.2）Weighing the two sides（两者相权衡）（两者相权衡）,we can conclude that _ has produced great effects on society.3）To sum up（总结，概括起来）（总结，概括起来）,I would say that the advantages outweigh（胜过，比（胜过，比更重要）更重要）the disadvantages.4)From what has been discussed above,we may draw the conclusion that（得出（得出的结论）的结论）All in all,In conclusion,On the whole (总的来说，总之）总的来说，总之）In a wordAs a whole常用句子常用句子No matter how difficult English may be,youshoulddoyourbesttolearnit.Nothingcanpreventusfromrealizingthefourmodernizations.As the saying goes,nothing in the world isdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.（世世上上无无难事难事,只怕有心人只怕有心人）Upon hearing the unexpected news,he was sosurprisedthathecouldntsayaword.There is no denying(the fact)that the newmanagement method has greatly increased theproduction.常用句子常用句子Itakeitforgrantedthat（认为认为是理所当然的是理所当然的）theywillsupportthisidea.Itistruethatwemustmakeourgreaterefforts;otherwise,wecannotcatchupwiththedevelopedcountries.Wewillbesuccessfulaslongasweinsistonworkinghard.Tobefrank（坦白地说）（坦白地说）,whetheryoulikeitornot,youhavenootherchoice.Asfarasweknow（据我们所知，众所周知据我们所知，众所周知）,ittookhimmorethanayeartowritethebook.Asweknow,itwasnotuntilrecentlythattheproblemwassolved.常用句子常用句子Asisknowntous,knowledgeispower.Totellthetruth（老实说）（老实说）,manymistakeswemadecouldhavebeenavoided.Thereisnodoubtthat（毫无疑问毫无疑问）youwillbehelpedbyothersifyouhaveanydifficulties.ItishardtoimaginehowEdisonmanagedtoworktwentyhourseachday.Itisacommonsayingthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者事竟成有志者事竟成）Itmustbekeptinmindthatthereisnosecretofsuccessbuthardwork.常用句子常用句子Comparedwiththetraditionalcards,electroniccardsaremoreinterestingandlively.Groupthreehelpedtoraisemoneyinthestreetforthe“HopeProject”,sothatmorechildreninpoorareascanaffordtheirschoolingApartfromstudentsfromGuangmingMiddleschool,theattendantsincludestudentsfromothermiddleschoolsorcolleges,evendoctorsandengineers.Inacertainsense，（，（在一定意义上；从某种在一定意义上；从某种意义上来讲意义上来讲）asuccessfulscientistisapersonwhoisneversatisfiedwithwhathehasachieved.常用句子常用句子Itcanbeseenfromthisthatthereisnodifficultyintheworldwecannotovercome.Thesevolunteersactivitiescanhelpustogainsomesocialexperienceandmakegoodsenseofourpersonalvaluesaswell.LastSunday,ourclassorganizedsomevolunteersactivities,inwhichallofustookanactivepart.常用句子常用句子ItsreportedthatLiMingwonthegamelastweek.Itsnousecryingoverthespiltmilk牛奶牛奶已泼，哭也没用已泼，哭也没用.Thisisbynomeans（决不）（决不）thebestwaytosolvetheproblemofenergycrisis.Accordingtotheinformationgiveninthetable/graph,wecanfindthat.1句式要有变化句式要有变化 复合句复合句(主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同谓语同谓语定语定语状语从句状语从句)倒装句倒装句（1）否定词置于句首（）否定词置于句首（2）only+状语置于句首状语置于句首（3）虚拟语气中）虚拟语气中if省略省略 强调句型强调句型It is that(who)固定句子结构固定句子结构tooto sothatnot untilnot onlybut also neithernor The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.Her mother was a famous pianist.The girl whose mother was a famous pianist began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.You can see panda only in China.Only in China can you see panda.It is only in China that you can see panda.Tom likes apple,and Jack likes it too.Not only Tom but also Jack likes the apple.2要使用高级词汇及短语要使用高级词汇及短语 使用高等级词汇使用高等级词汇 He is a good student.excellentextraordinary 使用短语使用短语 I like music.be fond ofbe interested in 使用谚语使用谚语 As the saying goes,“”（常言道，俗话说常言道，俗话说）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.（适用于自编名言）（适用于自编名言）并列并列选择选择原因原因结果结果比较比较转折转折递进递进举例举例 3.使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，使用连接词，过渡自然，连贯通顺，and;aswellas;also;too,or;eitheror;because(of);owingto;dueto;thankstoso;therefore;thus;asaresultonthecontrary;bycontrastcomparisoncomparedto,but;yet;however;nevertheless（然而）（然而）besides;moreover;inaddition；Furthermore（此外，而且）（此外，而且）forexample/instance;suchas;thatis;Namely（即即,也就是也就是）;takeforexample特殊句式特殊句式排比（排山倒海句）排比（排山倒海句）如果想要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么用如果想要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么用一个一个个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个的短语，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！之势！Whether your tastes are modern or traditional,complicated or simple,ordinary or different,there is plenty in London for you.We have got to study hard,to enlarge our knowledge,to develop our potentials and to realize our dreams.感叹句感叹句How useful the computer is!What a convenient thing the car is.How wonderful it is to have computer do the heavy work for man!What an advantageous thing it is to study abroad!疑问句疑问句Which way is the best to get to know the society,through listening to the radio,watching TV,reading the newspapers,or taking part in social activities?Have you ever taken a part-time job?Do you think it is a good practice for college students to do temporary jobs in their free time?反问句反问句Now that we have realized the importance of practice,why not put it into practice?Dont you think that it is high time that everybody joined in the effort to protect our environment and save the earth?4 检查检查1.单词拼写单词拼写2.时态时态语态语态3.句子的衔接，过渡句子的衔接，过渡4.主谓一致主谓一致5.动词的过去式动词的过去式,过去分词过去分词6.句子是否完整句子是否完整