英语句子成分及结构.ppt
英英语语句子成分及句子成分及结结构构句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1 主主语 主语是动作的发出者。主语是动作的发出者。它在句首。它在句首。We We study in No.1 Middle School.study in No.1 Middle School.（“谁谁”）The classroomThe classroom is very clean.is very clean.（“什么什么”）Three Three were absent.were absent.（数词作主语）（数词作主语）To teach them EnglishTo teach them English is my job.is my job.（不定式作主语）（不定式作主语）ItIt is my job is my job to teach them English.to teach them English.（注不定式作主语注不定式作主语常用形式主语常用形式主语itit句型）句型）Eating too muchEating too much is bad for your health.(is bad for your health.(动名词作主语）动名词作主语）2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须用动词，放在主语后面，且主谓一致。His Parents are doctors.（系动词作谓语）She looks well.（系动词作谓语）We study hard.（实义动词作谓语）He can speak English.（情态动词和实义动词作谓语）3 表表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”。表语位于系动词后面。You look happy.（形容词作表语）I am a teacher.（名词作表语）Everybody is here.（副词作表语）They are at home now.（介词短语作表语）My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语）4.宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。She is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语）He often helps me.（代词作宾语）He likes to sleep in the open air.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy living in China.（动名词作宾语）5状状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。He did it carefully.（副词作状语）Without his help，we couldnt work it out.（介词短语作状语）（In order）to catch up with my classmates，I must study hard.（不定式作目的状语）6 定定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。The black bike is mine.主语部分(形容词作定语)What is your name?表语(代词作定语)They made paper flowers.宾语(名词作定语)The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One.(介词短语作定语)I have something to do.(不定式作定语)二二.简单句的基本句型介句的基本句型介绍：1.句型句型 一：主一：主谓结构构 （谓语动词是不及物是不及物动词vi.）动词分及物动词和不及物动词：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词:sleep睡觉 walk步行 swim 游泳 happen发生 come来 work 工作 laugh 笑 如：1.We come.2.The sun rises.3.He runs in the park.注意 有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。You must listen to me.2.基本句型基本句型 二：二：+系系+（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。如：1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner smells good.3.He is growing tall and strong.系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。可分四类：1.表“是”如：be“是”(am,is,are,was,were)2.表“感觉”如：look看起来feel感到，sound听起来，smell闻起来，seem 似乎 3.表“变”如：get变得,turn变得,grow变得，go变得,come变得,become 成为 4.表“保持”如：keep保持,stay保持 常用连系动词的用法：变成,变得：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn 口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow;流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；get/become口语化，如果要说就用它.保持某种状态：keep,lie,remain,stand,stay.看起来，好像：appear,look,seem.感官动词：feel,smell,sound,taste.注意：There be 结构：There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与 副词“there那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示“（存在）有某事物”。试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）前一个there无实义，后一个there为副词那里3.基本句型基本句型 三：三：+t+（主及物（主及物宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。5 如：1.Who knows the answer?2.He admits that he was mistaken 4.基本句型基本句型 四：四：+t+IO+DO（主及物（主及物间宾直直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。eg：give/pass/bring/show Give me a cup of tea please./Pass our English teacher the book./Bring it to me,please./Show this house to Mr.Smith.1.She ordered herself a new dress.2.He brought you a dictionary.A：动词后加to give 给 show给看 send寄，打电报 bring带 read读 pass递给 lend借给 leave留给 hand交给 tell告诉 return把还给 write给写信 throw扔 promise答应 refuse 拒绝 B：动词后加for make生产，制造 buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌5.基本句型基本句型 五：五：+t+（主及物（主及物宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。The war made him a soldier.（名词）New methods make the job easy.（形容词）I often find him at work.（介词短语）The teacher asks the students to close the windows.（不定式）I saw a cat running across the road.（现在分词）Our teacher found the windows closed.（过去分词）.We called the boy Jim.句子结构分析练习题 一.选出下列句子的基本句型。a，+i b，+t+c，+系+d，+t+I+D e，+t+1.Pleas tell us a story._ 2.She smiled._ 3.I have a lot work to do._ 4.His job is to train swimmers._ 5.He noticed a man enter the room._ 6.Please look at the picture._ 二写出下列句子的基本句型。1.Who cares?2.Everything looks different.3.His face turned red.4.He enjoys reading.5.He said Good morning.6.She looked after the old man.7.Our team beat all the others.8.I showed him my pictures.9.I told him that the bus was late.10.He showed me how to run the machine.11.They painted the door green.12.They found the door closed.13.He asked me to come back soon.14.I saw them getting on the bus.三.划分句子成分 1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.
