野性的呼唤(英文版).ppt
The Call of the WildJack LondonA realistic writerBorn:January12,1876SanFrancisco,CaliforniaUnitedStatesDied:November22,1916(aged40)GlenEllen,CaliforniaUnitedStatesOccupation:Novelist,journalist,shortstorywriterandessayistLife Experiences WritingStyleMajorWorksLife Experiences 18901891childlaborerinacannery(at14)oysterpirate(at15)sailorofasealingschooner(at17)18931895jailedforvagrancyfinishedhighschool(at19)UniversityofCalifornia(at20)18961897KlondikeGoldRush(at21)writerreporterTheSonoftheWolf(1900)1916diedfromagastrointestinalofuremia(尿毒症尿毒症)thoughitwaswidelysupposedthathecommittedsuicide.(at40)Writing StyleHewasfascinatedbythewayviolencetestedandrefinedhumancharacter.Withoutmuchstylisticandformalrefinementandsubtletyofcharacterization,Londonsfictionhastheunusualandintriguingpowerofancientmyth.Althoughhisworkcanneverbeclassedroughrealism,hewillalwaysberememberedastheoriginatorofanewtypeofwritingcalledroughrealism.Forceful,andcolorful;SubjectivityandenthusiasmHischaracterizationswereoftenstiffandhisdialoguestereotyped.Themes:primitiveviolence,Anglo-Saxonsupremacy,biologicalevolution,classwarfare,andmechanisticdeterminism.WritingStyleMajor WorksMajorWorksThePeopleoftheAbyss(1903)深渊中的人们TheCalloftheWild(1903)野性的呼唤野性的呼唤TheSeaWolf(1904)海狼海狼WhiteFang(1906)白牙白牙LoveofLife(1907)热爱生命热爱生命TheIronHeel(1908)铁蹄MartinEden(1909)马丁.伊登TheValleyoftheMoon(1912)月谷TheStarRover(1915)星游人TheLittleLadyoftheBigHouse(1916)大屋里的小妇人Wolf House 特怀曼L托尔利在狼的智慧中对狼有很好的描述及概括。狼是陆地上生物最高的食物链终结者之一，群居动物中最有秩序，纪律的族群。由于有狼的存在，其他野生动物才得以淘汰老弱残的不良族群；也因为有狼的威胁存在，其它野生动物才被迫进化得更优秀，以免被狼淘汰；也因为有狼非常强的生存能力，适应能力。BackgroundPresenter:彭雪宁 8号The Call of the Wild:BackgroundBackgroundknowledgeA gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold.the 19th century Australia、Brazil、Canada、South Africa、the United StatesKlondike River The Call of the Wild:BackgroundIn August 1896,gold was discovered in Rabbit Creek in the Yukon Territory of western Canada.The Call of the Wild:BackgroundWhen news of the find reached the United States,the Klondike gold rush was on.The Call of the Wild:BackgroundThe gold prospectors,known as“Klondikers,”faced harsh conditions:temperatures 40 degrees below zerostarvation and malnutritionlong journeys on foothundreds of pounds of supplies to transportAbout 100,000 people started out in hopes of reaching the Klondike River and finding gold.Of these,only about 30,000 completed the trip.The rest either stopped somewhere along the way,turned around,or died.The Call of the Wild:BackgroundThe Call of the Wild:BackgroundThe indigenous people of Alaska and Canada began using sled dogs more than 1,000 years ago.They depended on these dogs forprotectiontransportationhuntingcompanionshipThe Call of the Wild:BackgroundIn the late 1800s,settlers and explorers started using the dogs to help them explore remote areas,deliver mail,and look for gold.The Call of the Wild:BackgroundThey have a protective outercoat and an insulating undercoat,that helps them tolerate temperatures as low as 70F.The Call of the Wild:BackgroundCertain purebred dogs are commonly used as sled dogs.Alaskan malamutesSiberian huskiesSamoyedsThe Call of the Wild:BackgroundIn this harsh and hostile environment like the Yukon Territory,survival is the ultimate challenge.The Call of the Wild:BackgroundIf strength,courage,and adaptability are the keys to survival,then our hero,Buck,stands a pretty good chance.PlotPresenter:黄裕鑫 25号Character AnalysisPresenter:潘影红 27号Dave:anexperiencedwheeler,nippedBuckshindquarterswheneverhewasinerror.Spitz:theleaderofthedogs,anexperiencedwheeler,healwaysfiercetohiscompanions,buthecouldnotalwaysgetatBuck.Finally,hewaskilledbyBuck.ParraultandFrancoisTheyareBuckssecondowners.SternanddemandinginstantobedienceThelawofclubandtooth木棒和犬牙法则木棒和犬牙法则Hal,CharlesandMercedesHalandCharles:foolishandcallowMercedes:spoiledandsentimentalPoorplanaseasonedgoldprospectorJohnThorntonhavingadeep,abidingandreciprocalloveblossomsbetweenmananddogBuck-themaincharacterFulloffightingspirit-thesurvivalofthefittest.TheviciousandcunningrulersLove,loyaltytohisownerThecallofthewildAnyopinionisappreciated.Speakoutyourthinking.He did not steal for joy of it,but because of the clamor of his stomach.He did not rob openly,but stole secretly and cunningly,out of respect for club and fang.In short,the things he did were done because it was easier to de them than not to do them.他偷东西不是为了从中得到乐趣，而是因为肚子太他偷东西不是为了从中得到乐趣，而是因为肚子太饿。他不明目张胆地去抢，而是耍点小手腕去偷，饿。他不明目张胆地去抢，而是耍点小手腕去偷，这是考虑到木棒和利齿所致。简言之，他之所以这这是考虑到木棒和利齿所致。简言之，他之所以这么做是因为做比不做更容易些。么做是因为做比不做更容易些。Fulloffightingspirit-thesurvivalofthefittest.He was preeminently cunning,and could bide his time with a patience that nothing less than primitive.他是头等的狡猾，并且能够用他天生就他是头等的狡猾，并且能够用他天生就有的的那种忍耐等待时机有的的那种忍耐等待时机TheviciousandcunningrulersLivinginthedogteam,Buckdidnotwanttobepatientforalongtimeunderanothermansdomination.Whenhewasbeatbythemaninred,healreadyrealizedtheimportanceofpower.Sincethen,heneverforgotthedesiretowintheleadershipofSpitz.Afterfulldeliberationandpreparation,hekilledSpitzinthebattle,andfinallycapturedtheleaderposition”Fulloffightingspirit-thesurvivalofthefittest.Thus,as token of what a puppet thing life is,the ancient song surged through him and he came into his own again.于是，生命是个任人摆布的傀儡，古老的歌曲在于是，生命是个任人摆布的傀儡，古老的歌曲在他心中回荡，他重新找回了自我他心中回荡，他重新找回了自我。ThecallofthewildThemePresenter:曹嘉惠 30号a return to primitivisma return to primitivismsurvival of the strongestsurvival of the strongesta reflection of societya reflection of society1 12 23 3Themea return to primitivism Old longings nomadic leap,Chafing at customs chain;Again from its brumal sleep;Wakens the ferine strain.古老荒野的欲望在升腾，挣脱着习俗的束缚,再一次从它冬日的长眠中,唤醒野性不驯的旋律。Buck released his innate characteristics and returned toprimitivism for the long-term maltreatment from his masters.ThenoveldescribestheharshenvironmentinthenorthofAmericainmostoftheplot,whichlaysthegroundworkforBucksreturntoprimitivism.a return to primitivismsurvival of the strongestSurvival of the fittestthe super dog image of BuckSurvival of the fittest The author places Buck in conflict with humans,in conflict with the other dogs,and in conflict with environment-all of which he must challenge,survive,and conquer.(Herbert Spencers Social Darwinism&Darwins concept)a.in conflict with humansOn the way to the North,Buck met many his owners who hit him with a club.And its useless to fight them who had a club in their hands.in a world where the club and the fangare law,where the law of the pack rules and a week dog can be torn to pieces by pack members.That survival by whatever means is paramount.b.in conflict with other dogsBuck fought against the hungry huskies and a lead-dog called Sptiz in his pack.Buck called on his atavistic hereditary traits to survive so he must learn to be wild to become wild.His first try to steal food without suspicion.He did not rob openly,but stole secretly and cunningly,out of respect for club and fang.Author:This first theft marked Buck as fit to survive in the hostile Northland environment.It marked his adaptability,his capacity to adjust himself to changing conditions,the lack of which would have meant swift and terrible death.He was fit,that was all,and unconsciously he accommodated himself to the new mode of life.b.in conflict with other dogsHe learnt to break the ice on water holes with his feet when he wanted to drink.He learnt to how to warm himself.c.in conflict with environmentpredominance in strengthlearning the law of club and fang faster than his peersaving thornton out of the riptide with his courage and great energymoving a thousand pounds sledsthe super dog image of Buck(Nietzsches Superman Philosophy)Tosomeextent,thenovelwrotetherealhistoryofKlondikeGoldRushinAmerica.TheauthorgaveBuckhumantraits:wisdom,loyalty,bravery,well-adapted,ect.a reflection of societyConclusion The veneer of civilization is thin and fragile，and it exposes the brutality at the core of humanity and the ease with which humans revert to a state of primitivism.Artistic FeaturePresenter:黄霞 36号Themostimportantartistictechniqueissymbolism（象征）（象征）Bucksexperience宠物狗（liveinMillerestatecomfortably）雪橇狗(toughlife)魔狗（returntothewild）巴克形象的塑造中使人性巴克形象的塑造中使人性和狗性得到了统一。巴克和狗性得到了统一。巴克的人性寓于狗性之中，狗的人性寓于狗性之中，狗性中体现着人性。巴克是性中体现着人性。巴克是一条狗，也是人类社会中一条狗，也是人类社会中的人。作者用这种讽喻和的人。作者用这种讽喻和影射的艺术手法来揭示当影射的艺术手法来揭示当时美国现实社会的本质。时美国现实社会的本质。人即是狗，狗即是人
