语法互动十四复合句宾语从句状语从句定语从句.ppt

语法互动（十四）复合句（宾语法互动（十四）复合句（宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句）语从句、状语从句、定语从句）名名 师师 点点 睛睛名名 师师 点点 睛睛考考 点点 过过 关关考考 点点 过过 关关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句名名 师师 点点 睛睛 有有一一个个主主句句和和一一个个以以上上的的从从句句构构成成的的句句子子叫叫复复合合句句。初初中中阶阶段涉及复合句的高频考点在状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句上。段涉及复合句的高频考点在状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句上。考点一宾语从句考点一宾语从句当当一一个个句句子子在在复复合合句句中中充充当当宾宾语语时时，该该句句叫叫宾宾语语从从句句。其其考考点点主主要是宾语从句的引导词、语序及时态等。要是宾语从句的引导词、语序及时态等。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句1.1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序无论引导词是无论引导词是that,if,whether that,if,whether 还是特殊疑问词，宾语还是特殊疑问词，宾语从句的语序必须用陈述语序。如：从句的语序必须用陈述语序。如：Do you know what _ doing?Do you know what _ doing?你知道他正在做什么吗？你知道他正在做什么吗？2.2.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词(1)(1)由由 that that 引导的宾语从句一般为陈述句，引导的宾语从句一般为陈述句，that that 在句在句中不充当任何成分，一般可省略。如：中不充当任何成分，一般可省略。如：I I dont dont know know(that)(that)he he has has come come back back from from Shanghai.Shanghai.我不知道他已经从上海回来了。我不知道他已经从上海回来了。he is he is 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句(2)(2)由由 if if 或或 whether whether 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句if if 和和 whether whether 表示表示“是否是否”，在句中不作任何成分，通常，在句中不作任何成分，通常可以互换。可以互换。(从句中有从句中有or notor not时，只能用时，只能用 whether)whether)。如：。如：I wonder whether or not he has come back.I wonder whether or not he has come back.我想知道他是不是已经回来了。我想知道他是不是已经回来了。(3)(3)由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，疑问代词由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，疑问代词 who,who,what,which,whomwhat,which,whom在从句中作主语或宾语。疑问副词在从句中作主语或宾语。疑问副词 when,where,why,how when,where,why,how 等在从句中作状语。如：等在从句中作状语。如：Do you know where he lives?Do you know where he lives?你知道他住在哪儿吗？你知道他住在哪儿吗？名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句3.3.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态(1)(1)主句时态是一般现在时，从句谓语动词根据具体情况使主句时态是一般现在时，从句谓语动词根据具体情况使用任何一种时态。如：用任何一种时态。如：He says that hell pass the exam.He says that hell pass the exam.他说他会通过考试的。他说他会通过考试的。He says that he_ yesterday.He says that he_ yesterday.他说他是昨天回来的。他说他是昨天回来的。came back came back 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句(2)(2)主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词用相应的过主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词用相应的过去时态。如：去时态。如：She said that there_ many books on the desk.She said that there_ many books on the desk.她说桌上有很多书。她说桌上有很多书。He told me he had finished his work.He told me he had finished his work.他告诉我他已经完成了他的工作。他告诉我他已经完成了他的工作。(3)(3)如果从句表示的是客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态影如果从句表示的是客观真理，从句时态不受主句时态影响，用一般现在时。如：响，用一般现在时。如：The teacher told his students that the earth goes The teacher told his students that the earth goes around the sun.around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球围绕太阳转。老师告诉学生们地球围绕太阳转。were were 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句考点二考点二 状语从句状语从句 如果句子在复合句中作状语，则该句叫状语从句。其考点如果句子在复合句中作状语，则该句叫状语从句。其考点是从句引导词及主从句时态一致问题。是从句引导词及主从句时态一致问题。1.1.时间状语从句时间状语从句由由when,before,after,until,as soon as,while,as,when,before,after,until,as soon as,while,as,sincesince等引导的状语从句叫时间状语从句。如：等引导的状语从句叫时间状语从句。如：Ill call you_ he comes back.Ill call you_ he comes back.他一回来我就给你打电话。他一回来我就给你打电话。He didnt go to bed_ he finished his He didnt go to bed_ he finished his homework.homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。他直到做完作业才睡觉。as soon as as soon as until until 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句2.2.条件状语从句条件状语从句由由 if(if(如果如果)引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。如：引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。如：Well go there by bike if it doesnt rain.Well go there by bike if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。如果不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句3.3.其他状语从句及其引导词其他状语从句及其引导词从句名称从句名称引引导词导词地点状地点状语语从句从句where,whereverwhere,wherever原因状原因状语语从句从句because,as,since(because,as,since(既然既然)目的状目的状语语从句从句so that(so that(以便以便),in order that(),in order that(为为了了)让让步状步状语语从句从句though/although(though/although(虽虽然然)，even if(even if(即使即使)比比较较状状语语从句从句than,asthan,asas,not asas,not asasas结结果状果状语语从句从句that,so that,sothat,so that,sothat,suchthat,suchthatthat(以至于以至于)名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句4.4.主句与从句时态一致问题主句与从句时态一致问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的复合在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的复合句时态一般有两种情况：句时态一般有两种情况：(1)(1)主现从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时，从主现从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。如：句用一般现在时表示将来。如：Be careful when you cross the road.Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。过马路时要小心。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句(2)(2)主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：主将从现：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：I will visit my good friend when I have time.I will visit my good friend when I have time.当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好朋友。当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好朋友。(3)(3)过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。如：可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。如：Mother was cooking when I _ yesterday.Mother was cooking when I _ yesterday.昨天我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。昨天我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。got home got home 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句考点三考点三 定语从句定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其考在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其考点在关系词点在关系词that,which,whothat,which,who的选用。的选用。1.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法(1)that(1)that既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。如：作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。如：The train that has just left is for Shanghai.The train that has just left is for Shanghai.(that(that 指物，作主语，不可省略指物，作主语，不可省略)刚刚离开的那列火车是开往上海的。刚刚离开的那列火车是开往上海的。Is this the photo(that)you took last summerIs this the photo(that)you took last summer？(that(that 指物，作宾语，可省略指物，作宾语，可省略)这是你去年夏天照的照片吗？这是你去年夏天照的照片吗？名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句(2)which(2)which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。省略，作宾语时可省略。whichwhich和和 that that一般可互换。如：一般可互换。如：The computer which/that I wanted to buy was sold out.The computer which/that I wanted to buy was sold out.我想买的电脑卖光了。我想买的电脑卖光了。(3)who(3)who和和whomwhom都指人。都指人。whowho在定语从句中作主语，在定语从句中作主语，whom whom 在定在定语从句中作宾语。在口语中，有时可用语从句中作宾语。在口语中，有时可用whowho或或 that that代替代替 whom,whom,whom whom 也可以省略。如：也可以省略。如：名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句The girl who plays the piano very well is his The girl who plays the piano very well is his daughter.daughter.那个钢琴弹得很好的女孩儿是他女儿。那个钢琴弹得很好的女孩儿是他女儿。Where is the girl(who/whom)you met last nightWhere is the girl(who/whom)you met last night？你昨晚遇到的那个女孩儿在哪里？你昨晚遇到的那个女孩儿在哪里？提醒提醒 当关系代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词应与先行词在当关系代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词应与先行词在数上保持一致。数上保持一致。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句2 2关系代词的特殊用法关系代词的特殊用法当关系代词指物时，下列情况只能用当关系代词指物时，下列情况只能用thatthat而不能用而不能用whichwhich：(1)(1)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：It is the largest map that I have ever seen.It is the largest map that I have ever seen.它是我见过的最大的地图。它是我见过的最大的地图。(2)(2)当先行词被当先行词被 only,any,no,all,little,few,the only,any,no,all,little,few,theveryvery等词修饰时。如：等词修饰时。如：This is the only thing that you should care about.This is the only thing that you should care about.这是唯一一件你应该关心的事情。这是唯一一件你应该关心的事情。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句(3)(3)当先行词为当先行词为all,something,everything,none,all,something,everything,none,much,no one,the onemuch,no one,the one等代词时。如：等代词时。如：There is nothing that belongs to you in the room.There is nothing that belongs to you in the room.这个房间里没有属于你的东西。这个房间里没有属于你的东西。(4)(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。如：当先行词既有人又有物时。如：We talked about the persons and things that we We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.remembered.我们谈论了我们所记得的人和事。我们谈论了我们所记得的人和事。(5)(5)主句是以主句是以whichwhich引导的特殊疑问句。如：引导的特殊疑问句。如：Which of the books that you bought yesterday was Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Mo Yanwritten by Mo Yan？你昨天买的哪本书是莫言写的？你昨天买的哪本书是莫言写的？名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句考考 点点 过过 关关1 1The story _I read in the newspaper was aboutThe story _I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.a common problem among teenagers.A Awhosewhose B Bwhowho C Cthatthat D Dwhere where 2 2The students_ I met in a football game areThe students_ I met in a football game are my best friends now.my best friends now.A.when B A.when Bwhich Cwhich Cwho Dwho Dwhosewhose3.The first thing _we should do is to tell him3.The first thing _we should do is to tell him the good news.the good news.A Awho Bwho Bwhich Cwhich Cthat Dthat DwhomwhomC C C C C C 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句4 4He said that light _much faster than sound.He said that light _much faster than sound.A Ahas travelled B.travelling has travelled B.travelling C.travels D.travelled C.travels D.travelled 5 5Could you tell me _Could you tell me _？Its twenty minutes ride by bike.Its twenty minutes ride by bike.A.how can I get to your school A.how can I get to your school B Bhow much it costs to get to your school how much it costs to get to your school C Chow far it is from your home to your schoolhow far it is from your home to your school D Dhow long does it take me to get to your schoolhow long does it take me to get to your schoolC C C C 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句6.The manager asked the man_.The man answered6.The manager asked the man_.The man answered “Yes”.“Yes”.A Awhat the story was about what the story was about B Bwhen did the story happen when did the story happen C Cif the story was true if the story was true D Dwhether had he heard the story whether had he heard the story 7 7Helen will call me up when she _in Shijia-Helen will call me up when she _in Shijia-zhuang.zhuang.A.arrive B A.arrive Bwill arrivewill arrive C Carrived Darrived DarrivesarrivesC C D D 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十四）语法互动（十四）复合句复合句8 8The new-designed car is on show.I wonderThe new-designed car is on show.I wonder _ _ A Ahow much it cost how much it cost B Bhow much did it cost how much did it cost C Chow much it costshow much it costs D Dhow much does it cost how much does it cost C C 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关