短文听力答题技巧.ppt

CET-4 短文理解短文理解 重两头轻中间。重两头轻中间。西方人说话时喜欢单刀直入、开门见山，所以往往一篇文章的开头就是全文的主题句，即便不是主题句，也会包含很多信息，理解这些信息有利于考 生把握整篇文章。而结尾部分通常又是文章的总结句，概括和归纳了全文的中心。所以考生在听这部分的录音时，一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。注意标志性细节。注意标志性细节。听力材料中出现的时间、数字、地点等信息以及表示原因和转折关系的词汇和句子经常是标志性的出题点所在。所以，考生在听的时候要特别留意这些细节，做好笔记。12/14/20221Business English TranslationPart II短文听力题一文章类型1介绍性（1）讲故事（2）说明性对现实生活的影响2讨论性 conclusion说出一个结论3.对比性my opinion.讲述我的观点12/14/20222Business English Translation三解题步骤三解题步骤1 1听之前看选项听之前看选项1)1)看选项长短看选项长短2)2)找出选项中的相同词找出选项中的相同词以便确以便确定文章的内容和范围定文章的内容和范围3)3)找数字题找数字题年代，时间，数目，年代，时间，数目，金钱（听到什么选什么）金钱（听到什么选什么）注意：在第一部分短对话中，听到注意：在第一部分短对话中，听到什么不选什么，一般都要通过运算什么不选什么，一般都要通过运算才能的出正确结论。这一点与段子才能的出正确结论。这一点与段子题刚好相反。题刚好相反。12/14/20223Business English Translation2抓两头1)听到结尾回忆结尾的一两句话2)重复词(重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重点内容)，同时提示文章快要结束了3)As a result,so,therefore,thus均提示文章快要结束了12/14/20224Business English Translation 做题原则：做题原则：听到什么选什么。听到什么选什么。1 1、适合边听边看选项：选项、适合边听边看选项：选项短，问的是细节题，问题的顺短，问的是细节题，问题的顺序与行文顺序一致。序与行文顺序一致。2 2、集中精力听完文章：选、集中精力听完文章：选项长，主线题，问的是中心思项长，主线题，问的是中心思想。想。12/14/20225Business English Translation3 3中间抓小词中间抓小词1)1)要牢记以下七个小词：要牢记以下七个小词：first,most,becausefirst,most,because出现，出现，99%99%会会出考题出考题only,justonly,just也会出考题也会出考题but,howeverbut,however也会出考题也会出考题2)2)常考的逻辑关系：常考的逻辑关系：并列：并列：andand因果：因果：becausebecause转折：转折：but,howeverbut,however递进：递进：the more,the morethe more,the more让步：让步：despite,although,thoughdespite,although,though12/14/20226Business English Translation 用常识猜题：用常识猜题：正常思维推理。正常思维推理。Section BSection B的短文叙述的都是客观的的短文叙述的都是客观的事实。事实。针对事实性的文章，我针对事实性的文章，我们应学会运用常识来推出正确们应学会运用常识来推出正确选项。选项。12/14/20227Business English Translation文章开头抓名词，名词概念为文章讨论的文章开头抓名词，名词概念为文章讨论的对象。如一题中问：对象。如一题中问：What is the topic of What is the topic of this talk?this talk?选项中找选项中找electric carelectric car。What is the What is the advantage of the electric car over the advantage of the electric car over the traditional gas-fueled car?traditional gas-fueled car?我们不需要对段我们不需要对段子听得很清楚就可以轻易地想出答案：没子听得很清楚就可以轻易地想出答案：没污染！比如：污染！比如：silksilk。再比如问：如果南极洲。再比如问：如果南极洲的冰帽融化，将对地球产生什么影响？的冰帽融化，将对地球产生什么影响？What will happen if the ice cap of What will happen if the ice cap of Antarctica melts?Antarctica melts?我们立即会想到海平面我们立即会想到海平面会上升！所以，听段子时，我们需要客观会上升！所以，听段子时，我们需要客观冷静。有时，要跳出原文来客观地审视考冷静。有时，要跳出原文来客观地审视考题题。12/14/20228Business English Translation4.4.补救措施补救措施如果没听清楚文章内容，就必如果没听清楚文章内容，就必须听清楚题目问什么，然后用须听清楚题目问什么，然后用common sensecommon sense常识来判断正常识来判断正误误12/14/20229Business English Translation四题型四题型1 1）主观态度题：讲）主观态度题：讲facts,facts,选正选正态度（就是说，选一个积极的，态度（就是说，选一个积极的，赞扬的，好的态度）赞扬的，好的态度）Whats the speakers attitude Whats the speakers attitude toward sth?toward sth?Whats the speakers Whats the speakers impression of sth?impression of sth?主观态度题常常不会考太过细致的主观态度题常常不会考太过细致的选项（就是说，说得太精确的选项选项（就是说，说得太精确的选项一般都是用来迷惑人的）一般都是用来迷惑人的）12/14/202210Business English Translation 考题特点：选项出现四个考题特点：选项出现四个形容词。形容词。解题方向：解题方向：SpeakerSpeaker的态度反映在的态度反映在文中的形容词或副词。文中的形容词或副词。注重注重fortunately,luckily,unfortunatelyfortunately,luckily,unfortunately这样的具感情色彩的词这样的具感情色彩的词。但凡听力。但凡听力中的段子，中的段子，SpeakerSpeaker对于谈论的对对于谈论的对象，不论是人物还是事物，都可能象，不论是人物还是事物，都可能有双向评论。但在有双向评论。但在CETCET听力中，如听力中，如果未能听出态度方向。只要选正态果未能听出态度方向。只要选正态度就可以了！因为反驳的文章要比度就可以了！因为反驳的文章要比介绍性的文章复杂的多。典型的段介绍性的文章复杂的多。典型的段子往往会说一个人对人类社会，或子往往会说一个人对人类社会，或对某一团体有着伟大的贡献。或叙对某一团体有着伟大的贡献。或叙述某个组织，某个机构有创新性的，述某个组织，某个机构有创新性的，划时代意义的活动。划时代意义的活动。12/14/202211Business English Translation 2、客观题、客观题比如数字题。比如数字题。（问：（问：时间，多少，年代）时间，多少，年代）问：问：When;How many.;How much?在在Section A中的数字题的对策是中的数字题的对策是听到什么不选取什么，即把听到的数字在听到什么不选取什么，即把听到的数字在选项中要排除掉，选项中要排除掉，因为因为Section A这部分要考察对数字的进一步运算能力。你这部分要考察对数字的进一步运算能力。你听到的一定是原始数据，而不是最终结果（正确选项）。听到的一定是原始数据，而不是最终结果（正确选项）。但是，在但是，在Section B的短文中的短文中，对策完全要反过来。，对策完全要反过来。即听到哪个数字就要选那个数字。短文中的数字不考运算。即听到哪个数字就要选那个数字。短文中的数字不考运算。考题特点：考题特点：比较明显。比较明显。选项都有数字（或年代，或时间等）。选项都有数字（或年代，或时间等）。解题对策：解题对策：听题前第一步看选项时，如果看到数字题，把笔入听题前第一步看选项时，如果看到数字题，把笔入在此题处，随时准备记录。听到什么，选什么。如有两个数字出在此题处，随时准备记录。听到什么，选什么。如有两个数字出现。先都记下来。在听问题时再进一步排除现。先都记下来。在听问题时再进一步排除12/14/202212Business English Translation2 2）中心思想题）中心思想题Whats the passage mainly Whats the passage mainly talking about?talking about?Whats the main idea of this Whats the main idea of this passage?passage?Whats the topic of this passage?Whats the topic of this passage?当这些词出现在中心思想题中时，当这些词出现在中心思想题中时，选项常为正确：选项常为正确：development.evolutiondevelopment.evolution进化，演进化，演化（缓慢的过程），化（缓慢的过程），formation formation形形成过程，成过程，effects,andeffects,and12/14/202213Business English TranslationQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.you have just heard.14.Why is Toluker prison called an open 14.Why is Toluker prison called an open prison?prison?考开头考开头 15.What is the essential characteristic of 15.What is the essential characteristic of Toluker prison?Toluker prison?考结尾考结尾“Because”“Because”16.How long did Barb Crook stay in the 16.How long did Barb Crook stay in the Toluker prison?Toluker prison?客观数字题客观数字题 17.What is the speakers attitude toward 17.What is the speakers attitude toward this type of prison?this type of prison?态度方向题态度方向题 注：注：work work 起作用。同义词起作用。同义词helphelp；do some do some goodgood；do any gooddo any good。注：注：1.gonna=going to 2.wanna=1.gonna=going to 2.wanna=want towant to12/14/202214Business English Translation3 3、宏观题、宏观题 宏观题考察文章的整体思想把握，宏观题考察文章的整体思想把握，即中心思想题（即中心思想题（Main idea/TopicMain idea/Topic题）。题）。一篇文章的首尾是这篇文章的灵魂，一篇文章的首尾是这篇文章的灵魂，体现体现SpeakerSpeaker的观点。的观点。考题特点：考题特点：What is the passage What is the passage mainly about?What is the passage mainly about?What is the passage talking about?What is the main idea talking about?What is the main idea of this talk?of this talk?等。等。解题对策：对于中心思想题。我们解题对策：对于中心思想题。我们可以从三方面来把握。可以从三方面来把握。12/14/202215Business English Translation 一、从选项入手。一、从选项入手。选项中出选项中出现的多次重复的词一定是中心词现的多次重复的词一定是中心词（Key wordKey word），正确的），正确的main ideamain idea选项选项应该包括，围绕这个中心词来叙述。应该包括，围绕这个中心词来叙述。二、从段子入手，二、从段子入手，要特别注要特别注意文章的两头。尤其是文章的开始两意文章的两头。尤其是文章的开始两个句子最重要。开头一定出考题！具个句子最重要。开头一定出考题！具体需要听的是文章开头的名词。选答体需要听的是文章开头的名词。选答案时要优先选含有该名词的选项。案时要优先选含有该名词的选项。三、从段子后面的问题三、从段子后面的问题入手。入手。这样也可以提供中心词的线这样也可以提供中心词的线索。大多数的考题都问及的词一定就索。大多数的考题都问及的词一定就是此段的中心词。是此段的中心词。12/14/202216Business English Translation 线索词：线索词：（1 1）段子开头的名词）段子开头的名词 （2 2）文章中间的高频词）文章中间的高频词 （3 3）选项中有如下小词出现：）选项中有如下小词出现：developmentdevelopment；evolutionevolution；formationformation；newnew；effecteffect；andand。12/14/202217Business English Translationparaphraseparaphrase替换题替换题1)1)词组与词的替换词组与词的替换cancel=call offcancel=call offlate/delay=behind schedulelate/delay=behind schedule2)2)词与词的替换词与词的替换a.a.同义词同义词interesting=stimulating=fasciinteresting=stimulating=fascinating=excitingnating=excitingb.b.反义词反义词12/14/202218Business English Translation口语中常用短语：口语中常用短语：1.mess 脏乱脏乱 His dormitory is in a big mess.2.meet=come across=run into=bang into 遇见。遇见。happen to meet 恰巧碰到恰巧碰到 3.与动词搭配使用最多的是与动词搭配使用最多的是out，因为，因为out代表一种极端的状代表一种极端的状态，很彻底态，很彻底。12/14/202219Business English Translation run out of 用完了用完了 check out 借书；办理出院手续；彻底借书；办理出院手续；彻底检查；退房（检查；退房（check in 开房）；结帐离开开房）；结帐离开 wear out 穿破穿破 be worn out（物）破旧；（人）（物）破旧；（人）疲惫疲惫 make out 辨认出辨认出 figure out 想清楚，弄明白想清楚，弄明白 She has a figure that kills.身材很棒。身材很棒。She has a face that kills.长得非常漂亮长得非常漂亮 12/14/202220Business English Translation work out 想清楚，弄明白，解想清楚，弄明白，解决问题；（决问题；（gym场景）拼命锻炼场景）拼命锻炼 help out 帮个大忙帮个大忙 find out 打听，查明真相打听，查明真相 dine out 外出吃饭，下馆子外出吃饭，下馆子 cook out 在外野餐在外野餐 hang out 闲逛闲逛 turn out(to be)事实证明事实证明 12/14/202221Business English Translation A)He cant find his new apartment.A)He cant find his new apartment.B)He had a bigger apartment before.B)He had a bigger apartment before.C)He finds the new apartment too big for C)He finds the new apartment too big for him.him.D)Hes having a hard time finding an D)Hes having a hard time finding an apartment.apartment.W:How do you find your new W:How do you find your new apartment?apartment?M:Well,its quite nice really,although I M:Well,its quite nice really,although I have a hard time getting used to living in a have a hard time getting used to living in a big place.big place.Q:What is the mans problem?Q:What is the mans problem?12/14/202222Business English Translation 注注 1.dormitory 1.dormitory 宿舍宿舍 apartment apartment 公寓公寓 laboratory laboratory secretary secretary 房子难找；房租贵；房太吵房子难找；房租贵；房太吵 2.How do you find.=How do you like.2.How do you find.=How do you like.3.be used to doing sth.3.be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 选项中选项中找找be accustomed to doing sth.be accustomed to doing sth.或或adaptadapt used to do sth used to do sth 过去常常过去常常 选项中找选项中找 was always 或或找否定句找否定句+now12/14/202223Business English Translation练习20106 Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A)State your problem to the head waiter.B)Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.C)Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.D)Ask the name of the person waiting on you.31.A)You problem may not be understood correctly.B)You dont know if you are complaining at the right time.C)Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.D)You cant tell how the person on the line is reacting.32.A)Demand a prompt response.B)Provide all the details.C)Send it by express mail.D)Stick to the point.预读：30 人物动作31 原因32 动作（建议型或将来动作）话题：complain 12/14/202224Business English TranslationCDDThe way to complain is to act business-like and important.If your complaint is immediate,suppose you got the wrong order at a restaurant,make a polite but firm request to see the manager.When the manager comes,ask his or her name.And then state your problem and what you expect to have done about it.Be polite!Shouting or acting rude will get you nowhere.But also be firm in making your complaint.Besides,act important.This doesnt mean to put on airs and say“do you know who I am?”What it means is that people are often treated the way they expect to be treated.If you act like someone who expects a fair request to be granted,chances are it will be granted.The worst way to complain is over the telephone.You are speaking to a voice coming from someone you cannot see.So you cant tell how the person on the line is reacting.It is easy for that person to give you the run-around.Complaining in person or by letter is generally more effective.If your complaint doesnt require an immediate response,it often helps to complain by letter.If you have an appliance that doesnt work,send a letter to the store that sold it.Be business-like and stick to the point.Dont spend a paragraph on how your uncle John tried to fix the problem and couldnt.12/14/202225Business English Translation12/14/202226Business English TranslationKeys to Model 3 China is a country with a great diversity of religions,with over 100 million followers of the various faiths.The main religions are Buddhism,Taoism,Islam,Catholicism and Christianity.Buddhism was introduced to China from ancient India approximately in the first century AD,and became increasingly popular and the most influential religion in China after the fourth century.Tibetan Buddhism,as a branch of Chinese Buddhism,is popular primarily in Tibet and Inner Mongolia.Taoism probably took shape as a religion during the second century,based on the philosophy of Laozi and his work,the Dao De Jing.12/14/202227Business English Translation本文主要介绍了历史上的松赞干布和其主张的通婚政策，为说明文。本文描述的都是过去的事情，故译文时态应为一般过去时。翻译时注意人名、地名的表达。描述历史人物、历史事件用一般过去时12/14/202228Business English Translation1.据说松赞干布（Songtsan Gambo）英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮。2为了国家的和平与稳定，他发现最有效的方式是和周边王国通婚。3在娶了尼泊尔的一位公主之后，他把注意力转移到大唐。4希望通过和大唐的公主结婚而引进中原的先进文化和生产技术，松赞干布派他的大臣到长安正式向唐太宗提出联姻。5后来，文成公主下嫁到吐蕃（Tubo）。6此后，吐蕃和大唐建立了亲密友好的关系。12/14/202229Business English TranslationKeys to Model 4 It was said that King Songtsan Gambo had been a wise,handsome and brave man,with a strong body.He found the most convenient way to secure the kingdoms peace and stability is to establish matrimonial relationships between his royal family and those of his neighboring kingdoms.After marrying a princess of Nepal,he turned his attention to Tang.Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang,Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong.Later,Princess Wencheng was married off to Tubo.Since then,Tubo established intimate relations with the Tang Dynasty.12/14/202230Business English Translation1.据说据说松赞干布（Songtsan Gambo）英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮。Its said that松赞干布是一个英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮的人King Songtsan Gambo had been a wise,handsome and brave man,with a strong body.2为了国家的和平与稳定，他发现最有效的方式是和周边王国通婚。A is B=A is to doHe found the most convenient way to secure the kingdoms peace and stability is to establish matrimonial relationships between his royal family and those of his neighboring kingdoms.He found the most convenient way tosecure the kingdoms peace and stability 12/14/202231Business English Translation3在娶了尼泊尔的一位公主之后，他把注意力转移到大唐。After marrying a princess of Nepal,he turned his attention to Tang.4希望希望通过和大唐的公主结婚而引进中原的先进文化和生产技术引进中原的先进文化和生产技术，松赞干布派他的大臣到长安正式向唐太宗提出联姻。Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang,Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong.Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang,Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong.12/14/202232Business English Translation5后来，文成公主下嫁到吐蕃（Tubo）。Later,Princess Wencheng was married off to Tubo.6此后，吐蕃和大唐建立了亲密友好的关系。Since then,Tubo established intimate relations with the Tang Dynasty.12/14/202233Business English Translation补充材料：历史人物：孔子1.孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒 学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。2.儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。3.冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。12/14/202234Business English Translation1.孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。Confucius was a thinker,political figure,educatorA was BA is founder ofthe Ru School of Chinese thought2.儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。Confucianism,built upon the teachings of Master Kung.the great system of moral and religious philosophyConfucianism,the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.12/14/202235Business English Translation3.冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。Fung You-lan,one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought,compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.同位语作主语one of authoritiesthe great 20th century on the history of Chinese thought,Fung You-lan,the one冯友兰把孔子的影响作为苏格拉底对西方的影响compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.Fung You-lan12/14/202236Business English TranslationConfucius was a thinker,political figure,educator,and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism,the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan,one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought,compares Confucius influen