阅读理解技巧-细节事实题.ppt

LetsspotthedifferencesStrategies for Questions of Details英语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题事实细节题)推理判断题推理判断题 猜测词义题猜测词义题阅读阅读四四大大题型题型事实细节题事实细节题主旨大意题主旨大意题英语阅读理解题考查方式是非题是非题年代与数字考点年代与数字考点Wh-Wh-题题 (who,what,when,(who,what,when,where,why,how)where,why,how)1、细节题的题干分析、细节题的题干分析2、细节题解题方法、细节题解题方法学习内容学习内容分析下列阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？1.HowdidPercivalfeelduringhismeetingwithLaura?2.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?3.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?4.WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldmedal?5.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?事件事件人物人物方式方式时间时间因果因果Notlongago.Mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdietnottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.原因原因1.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth_同同义义词词 In1988,TanniwenttoherfirstParalympicGamesinSeoul.Shewonbronzeinthe400metres.Even greater success followed at the1992Barcelona.Paralympics.Tanniwongoldin the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,settingtwoworldrecordsintheprocess.时间时间2.WhendidTanniwinherfirstOlympicgoldmedal?A.In1984.B.In1988.C.In1992.D.In2007事实细节题考查的六大信息事实细节题干常用事实细节题干常用when,where,who,why,what 和和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即 _、_、_、_、_和和 _。时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 summary1.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三三误误一正一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一三正一误误）4 The author(or the passage)states that_.5.常见设题方式：常见设题方式：题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其_、_或_设题。设题特点：设题特点：同义词同义词近义词近义词反义词反义词解题技巧与策略第一步：略读题干(Skimming)首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。第二步：通读全文(Scanning)浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading)注意对信息进行注意对信息进行综合分析综合分析，分清主次、真伪分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入测试题所设下的避免受信息的干扰，陷入测试题所设下的“陷陷阱阱”，学会，学会“排除排除”干扰项。干扰项。(NewYork)AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedforrescuingatwo-year-oldgirlinManhattansaidhedidntthinktwicebeforedivingintothefreezingEastRiver.TuesdaysDailyNewssaid29-year-oldJulienDuretfromFranceisthemanwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSunday.HeliftedthelittlegirloutofwateraftershefelloffthebankattheSouthStreetSeaportmuseum.Hehandedthegirltoherfather,DavidAnderson,whohaddivedinafterhim.Reading material 1 Q:Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?A.David Anderson B.A passer-by C.His girlfriend D.A taxi driver题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人，可以以dive为线索找到原文的He handed the girl to her father，David Anderson，who had dived in after him，故可知答案是David Anderson。1 wh-细节题细节题Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms._ Reading material 2Q：WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.以偏概全三正一误三正一误2 是非题是非题Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Reading material 3 The human body is a living machine,and The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay healthy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart shows different,as the chart shows CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600练习题 Reading material 3Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.文章【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=2753 计算题计算题根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出 C C 符合图表内容。4 图表题图表题Backinthefifteenthcentury,inatinyvillagenearNuremberg,livedafamilywitheighteenchildrenInspiteofthehopelesscondition,twoofthechildren,AlbrechtDurerandAlbert,hadadreamTheybothwantedtopursuetheirtalentforartAftermanylongdiscussions,thetwoboysfinallyworkedoutanagreementTheywouldtossacoinTheloserwouldgodownintothenearbyminesand,withhisearnings,supporthisbrotherwhoattendedtheacademyThen,whenthatbrotherwhowonthetosscompletedhisstudies,infouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherattheacademyTossingacoin,AlbrechtDurerwonandwentofftoNurembergAlbertwentdownintothedangerousminesand,forthenextfouryears,supportedhisbrother,whoseworkattheacademywasalmostanimmediatesensation（轰动）Bythetimehegraduated,hehadearnedconsiderablefeesforhisoutstandingworksWhentheyoungartistreturnedtohisvillage,theDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnertocelebrateAlbrechtstriumphant（胜利的）homecomingToshowthankstoAlbertforallthathehadsacrificed,AlbrechtDurerpainstakinglydrewhisbrothersinjuredhandswithpalmstogetherandthinfingersstretchedskywardHecalledhispowerfuldrawingsimply“Hands”,buttheentireworldalmostimmediatelyopenedtheirheartstohisgreatmasterpieceandrenamedit“ThePrayingHands”Reading material 4Q：Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofthestory？a.AlbrechtwenttoNurembergb.Albertsupportedhisbrotherc.TheDurerfamilyheldafestivedinnerd.Albrechtdrewhisbrothersinjuredhandse.ThebrotherstossedacoinAb,a,c,d,eBa,e,c,d,bCe,a,c,b,d De,a,b,c,d_解题思路：先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案5 排序题排序题细节题类型细节题类型1wh1wh细节题细节题2 2 是非题是非题3 3 计算题计算题4 4 图表题图表题5 5 排序题排序题 6 6 其它题其它题 summary 有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把夸大其词的说法，把“大约大约”说成说成“绝绝对，肯定对，肯定”(要留意选项中诸如要留意选项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,never,completely,definitely等词等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等把人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴张冠李戴，误串，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。注意注意“陷阱陷阱”：_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符干扰项的特点与概括干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)正误并存正误并存扩大扩大(缩小缩小)范围范围偷换概念偷换概念以偏概全以偏概全无中生有无中生有_信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节_符合常识，但不是文章的内容_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容答非所问答非所问1 1，比较处常考，比较处常考2 2，因果关系处常考，因果关系处常考3 3，转折处常考，转折处常考4 4，引言处常考，引言处常考5 5，列举处常考，列举处常考常考查位置：常考查位置：事实细节题解题注意事项事实细节题解题注意事项1.1.若针对特殊标点符号若针对特殊标点符号,举例子举例子,名人名言出题名人名言出题,只只需要阅读符号，例子需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。项核对。2.2.在出现一些关键词，如在出现一些关键词，如howeverhowever、butbut、moreovermoreover、thereforetherefore、thusthus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。转折，递进，因果等关系。3.3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项summary4.4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,must,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,any,no,completely,none,等。等。但不是绝对，也有但不是绝对，也有例外。例外。5.5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：否一致。如：must,may,often,should,must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,all,neverall,never，few few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。往被忽视。6.6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及及.Practice makes perfect!“Well,Ifinallydidit.Ifinallydecidedtoenterthedigitalageandgetacellphone.Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown,andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.ButwhenIwenttothecellphonestore,Ialmostchangedmymind.Thephonesallhavecameras,computersanda“global-positioning”somethingorotherthatssupposedtospotmefromspace.Goodness,allIwanttodoistobeabletotalktomygrandkids!Thepeopleatthestorewerentmuchhelp.Theycouldntunderstandwhysomeonewouldntwantaphonethesizeofapostagestamp.Andtherateplans!Theywereconfusing,andexpensiveandthecontract(合同)lastedfortwoyears!IdalmostgivenupuntilafriendtoldmeabouthernewJitterbugphone.Now,IhavetheconvenienceandsafetyofbeingabouttostayintouchwithaphoneIcanactuallyuse.”巩固练习巩固练习AffordableplansthatIcanunderstandandnocontracttosign!Unlikeothercellphones,Jitterbughasplansthatmakesense.WhyshouldIpayforminutesImnevergoingtouse?AndifIdotalkmorethanIplan,Iwontfindmyselfwithnominuteslikemyfriendwhohasaprepaidphone.Bestofall,thereisnocontracttosignsoImnotlockedinforyearsatatime.TheUS-basedcustomerserviceissecondtonone.Andthephonegetsserviceanywhereinthecountry.Monthly Minutes50100Monthly Rate$14.99$19.99911 AccessFREEFREELong Distance CallsNo additional chargeNo Friendly Return Policy30 days30 daysCallnowandreceiveaFREEgiftwhenyouorder.TryJitterbugfor30daysandifyoudontloveit,justreturnit!Whywait,theJitterbugcomesreadytouserightoutofthebox.IfyouarentashappywithitasIam,youcanreturnitandgetyourmoneyback.Callnow,theJitterbugproductexpertsarereadytoansweryourquestions.Call1-888-809-8794orvisit.63.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?64.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.65.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.事件事件计算计算细节事实细节事实1.Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?A.Beingstuckbythehighway.B.Beingurgedbyhisgrandkids.C.Beingpersuadedbycellphonealespersons.D.Beingattractedbythefriendlyreturnpolicy.2012年福建高考题阅读A篇Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.答非所问偷换概念答非所问2.Onthemonthlybasisof100minutes,theJitterbugweeklyrateisabout_.A.$3.75B.$4.99C.$14.99D.$19.99Monthly Minutes 50100Monthly Rate$14.99$19.9919.99419.9943.AnadvantageofJitterbugmentionedinthepassageis_.A.itsdiscountpricewithafreegiftB.itsreasonablerateplanswithoutacontractC.its“global-positioning”systemwith911accessD.itsgoodcustomerserviceallovertheworld原文定位细节分析细节分析正误并存正误并存AffordableplansthatIcanunderstand一andnocontracttosign(签订）！_Practice makes perfect!Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!May you succeed in your studies!