大学英语四级选词填空技巧.ppt

选词填空选词填空 一、题型简介一、题型简介本题型出现在仔细阅读部分（共25分钟），在两篇传统阅读文章之前（每篇文章解题时间约为9分钟）。所以本题型共10道小题最佳完成时间应控制在7分钟。考试要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出的15个词汇填入10个空格中。二、考点分析二、考点分析 考试形式与传统考题的完形填空相似。选词填空，当然是考词汇。但较之以往专门的词汇题,选词填空是对词汇更完全的更高层次的考察；因为它所考察的，是在篇章中对词汇的把握。考核的主要目的是检查考生在上下文中猜测词义的能力以及单词词性识别能力。遇到生词怎么办？时间不够怎么办？考前训练时注意培养以上两种能力，考试时加以运用，会大大提高答中率。三、熟悉题型的英文指引三、熟悉题型的英文指引 Section A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.四、解题方法四、解题方法 一、辨析词性 把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。1动词还要分两类，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing,-ed,to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。2记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。3词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必纠缠，影响全局。4作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。2006年年6 月月24日新四级考试真题解析日新四级考试真题解析 EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风),which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds.As the trade winds lessen in 48 ,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5.The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects.The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South America,50 floods to Peru.In the West Pacific,there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia.So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and 51 .EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995.Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.其选项如下：其选项如下：A)estimate；B)strength；C)deliberately；D)notify；E)tropical；F)phenomenon；G)stable；H)attraction；I)completely；J)destructive；K)starvation；L)bringing；M)exhaustion；N)worth；O)strike Nowadays,weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 ,but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.以真题为例辨词性以真题为例辨词性 A)estimate；B)strength；C)deliberately；D)notify；E)tropical；F)phenomenon；G)stable H)attraction；I)completely；J)destructive；K)starvation；L)bringing；M)exhaustion；N)worth；O)strike 注意：即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，词的性质有时比词义还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的或无法确定的，如N)worth(adj./n.)，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。名词：B,F,H,K,M（B的后缀th,H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀）谓语动词：A,D,O（A的-ate极可能是动词，D的-fy为动词后缀）非谓语动词：L（-ing结尾）形容词：E,G,J,N（E的-cal,G的able,J的tive是形容词后缀）副词：C和I（ly加在形容词后为副词后缀）二、综合解题 将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。The rainfall is increased across South America,50 floods to Peru.（前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。）50.L bringing Nowadays,weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55,but.(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语)55.O strike（一）确定词性，确定选项的选择范围一）确定词性，确定选项的选择范围 1）关于动词的判断 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词前后都是名词短语，中间是动词。根据一句（包括从句）有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。2）其它词的判断）其它词的判断 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词（形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词（the,this,that,a,my之之类）后必有名词类）后必有名词This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.（这个/种奇怪的？，当然要一个名词了）47.F phenomenon The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.（严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词）49.E tropical El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.（前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。）52.J destructive 介词后面必有名词介词后面必有名词 谓语动词前有名词主语谓语动词前有名词主语 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.（happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。）47.F phenomenon As the trade winds lessen in 48,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.（在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。）48.B strength副词修饰形容词或动词副词修饰形容词或动词,but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.（修饰形容词sure,当为副词）56.I completely（二）句里句外，猜测词义（二）句里句外，猜测词义 一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。二二 看逻辑：看逻辑：1句内句内(状语从句，解释，并列等状语从句，解释，并列等)So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and 51.空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.51.K starvation 2前文（指代等、句间连词）前文（指代等、句间连词）This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino,无疑是一种天气“现象”。47.F phenomenon 表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。与this一大类的还有：This/these/such;the same/similar;worse/better/more/less等。还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。递进：Moreover/furthermore/whats more/besides/in addition/even/also 转折：however/but/rather/instead 因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence 3后文后文El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52.J destructive(dead,damage)三看习惯用法：固定搭配 Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.53.N worth 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用worth of sth.来表明价值某物的某东西。e.g.The fire caused thousands of pounds worth of damage.四、带项检查四、带项检查带入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。五、总结五、总结 选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力，其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的周边环境。有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找；而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。