研究生英语阅读教程unit.ppt

UnitNineIntroductionTextAofferssomevaluablesuggestionsonhowtosurvivethemodernerawhenthetorrentofinformationisforcingustochangethewaywethink.TextBarguesthatlivinginthe21stcentury,whenpeopleareimmersedinalifestylethatallowsthemaccesstotheInternetanywhereandanytime,isbothablessingandacurse.TextAWeNeedaDug-outCanoetoNavigatetheNet乘上独木舟，畅游互联网乘上独木舟，畅游互联网StructuralanalysisPartI(para.12):thetwocategoriesofthinkersandtheirwayofthinkingQuestions1)WhatarethetwocategoriesofthinkersaccordingtoIsaiahBerlin?2)Howarethetwocategoriesofthinkersdifferfromeachother?Part II(para.3-6)Thedominanceoffox-thinking,anditsadvantagesanddisadvantages1.Thedominanceoffox-thinking(3-4)2.2.Itsadvantagesanddisadvantages(5-6)3.Question4.3)Whatisthefoxeswayofthinking?Part IIIThewaytoacquireinformationininternet-driventhought(7-13)1.Theimportanceoftheabilitytofocus:thisabilitywhichisimportantthanhowmuchknowledgeonepossess(7-8)2.thewaytoacquireknowledgeA.thecharacteristicsofinternetknowledgeandtheabilityrequiredtosiftusefulinformation(9-10)B.Theactualwaytoacquireknowledge:thecanoe-buildingmethod(11-13)Questions4)Whatisinternetthinking?5)Whatdoesdug-outcanoesymbolizeinthetext?Whatisadug-outcanoe?Adug-outcanoeismadeofanentiretree,bysimplycuttingawayanddiscardingthewoodnotneeded.kayaks versus canoeskayaksversuscanoesamongtheindigenouspeopleoftheshoresoftheNorthPacific,thereweretwoapproachestothebuildingofboats.TheAleuts,livingonislandsbereftoftrees,combedthebeachesforpiecesofdriftwood.Whentheyhad,laboriouslyandovertime,gatheredenoughpiecesoftherightkind,theyusedthemtobuildakayak.The Tlingit,living in areas where the rainforests grew down to the shoreline,adopted a different strategy;taking an entire tree,they simply cut away and discarded the wood they did not need,ending up with a dug-out canoe.Tlingittliit特林吉特人TheTlingitareanIndigenouspeopleofthePacificNorthwestCoast.TheirnameforthemselvesisLingt,meaninghumanbeingsTheTlingitareamatrilinealsocietythatdevelopedacomplexhunter-gatherercultureinthetemperaterainforestofthesoutheastAlaskacoastandtheAlexanderArchipelago.Aninlandsubgroup,knownastheInlandTlingit,inhabitsthefarnorthwesternpartoftheprovinceofBritishColumbiaandthesouthernYukonTerritoryinCanada.Aleutlu:t阿留申人ANativeAmericanpeopleinhabitingtheAleutianIslandsandcoastalareasofsouthwestAlaska.TheAleutarerelatedculturallyandlinguisticallytotheEskimo.Point 1Whatisafoxandwhatisahedgehog?AccordingtotheOxfordphilosopherIsaiahBerlin,thinkerscomeintwoforms.Thereisthefox,whoknowssomethingaboutmanythings,anddrawsinspirationfrommanysources.Andthereisthehedgehog,whohasonebigidea,anddevotestheirintellectuallifetorefiningandexpandingit.TheInternet,saysMacintyre,makesusallintofoxes,browsingandscavengingforwhatweneed.Point 2FundamentalismisstrictadherencetospecifictheologicaldoctrinestypicallyinreactionagainstModernisttheology.ThetermfundamentalismwasoriginallycoinedbyitssupporterstodescribeaspecificpackageoftheologicalbeliefsthatdevelopedintoamovementwithintheProtestantcommunityoftheUnitedStatesintheearlypartofthe20thcentury,andthathaditsrootsintheFundamentalistModernistControversyofthattime.Thetermusuallyhasareligiousconnotationindicatingunwaveringattachmenttoasetofirreduciblebeliefs.Fundamentalist信奉正统派基督教的人信奉正统派基督教的人Fundamentalistuniformlyplaceahighpriorityonconformitytodoctrinetoachievesalvation.Whydoestheauthorsaythehedgehog-thinkingisfundamentalistthinking?Point 3Whyisfox-thinkingadirectthreattoideology?Point 4 For betterorworseforbetteror(for)worsealsoforbetter,forworseIfasituationexistsorhappensforbetterorforworse,itexistsorhappenswhetheritsresultsaregoodorbadFrance has a new government,for better or for worse.We cannot deny that our childhood experiences affect us,for better,for worse.Point 5 Bottom linethefinallineintheaccountsofacompanyororganization,whichstatesthetotalprofitorlossthathasbeenmade;Themainoressentialpoint概要,帐本底线,最重要的事huge share of the savings will go straight to Freseniuss bottom line.Anything that directly affects the bottom line gets done first.The bottom line at the bottom of the pyramid is that financial services remain shockingly scarce.Point6Doyouagreewiththesaying“howwellonecanfocusismoreimportantthanhowknowledgeableheis”?Point 7Readingthewebusefullyrequiresanewformofliteracy,theabilitytosiftfromtheabundanceofinformationwhatishelpfulfromwhatispointlessormerelydistracting.Thefoxmustbeabletoavoidwastingtime,andsufferingfromcontinuouspartialattention,andalltheotherperilsintowhichtheubiquity无处不在ofinternetinformationcanleadus.Point 8AccordingtoGeorgeDyson,ahistorianofscience,wehaveallnecessarilybeenkayakbuilders,scrapingtogetherthebitsofinformationweneedfromwhereverwecanfindit.TheInternetnowpushesustowardsthedug-outcanoestrategy.Wecanfindlargeamountsofinformationeasilyonalmostanytopic;theessentialskillisbeingabletoswiftlydiscardtheinappropriateandinessential,cuttingawayuntilwehavetheknowledgestructureweneed.LanguagePoints1.dug-out:挖空dig-dug-dug2.canoe:(体长头尖的)小划子，独木舟dug-outcanoe:指树干挖空作船体的独木舟。3.overriding:压倒一切的，首要的override(overrode-overridden):v.制服，压倒；奔越过；践踏过；使无效Eg.anoverridingtaskoverrideaveto使否决无效LanguagePoints4.feast:v.1)盛宴款待2)使得到享受Eg.feastoneseyesonthewonderfulperformance尽情欣赏精彩表演n.盛宴，筵席5.anarchic:adj.无政府主义的；混乱的anarchy:n.无政府状态；混乱；无秩序anarchism：n.无政府主义anarchist:n.无政府主义者LanguagePoints6.ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的,无处不在的ubiquity:n.普遍存在7.cornucopia:象征丰饶的羊角，象征(丰饶的)羊角画(或雕刻)8.scavenge:v.1)清除污物，垃圾2)(从丢弃物中)寻找(可用之物)AppleiPad是由苹果公司研制的平板电脑，它定位介于苹果的智能手机iPhone和笔记本电脑产品之间，通体只有四个按键，与iPhone布局一样，提供浏览互联网、收发电子邮件、观看电子书、播放音频或视频等功能。9.undermine:v.1)在下面挖坑道，削弱的基础2)暗中破坏，逐渐损害LanguagePoints10.mistakefor把错认/当成Eg.Hemistookmeformybrother.11.scour:v.1)走遍(某地)搜索Eg.ScourtheforestfortherobberScourthelibraryforreferences2)急速穿行，追寻Eg.Scouroverhillsideforgame12.bombard:v.炮击，轰炸；(喻)痛斥，攻击13.swell(swelled-swollen):v.1)膨胀，肿胀2）(土地)隆起，(河水)上涨Eg.Theriverhasswollenwithmeltedsnow.雪融河涨Twitter is a social networking and microblogging service that allows you answer the question,What are you doing?by sending short text messages 140 characters in length,called tweets,to your friends,or followers.Twitter(中文称：推特)是国外的一个社交网络及微博客服务的网站,它利用无线网络,有线网络,通信技术,进行即时通讯,是微博客的典型应用.它允许用户将自己的最新动态和想法以短信息的形式发送给手机和个性化网站群，而不仅仅是发送给个人。2006年，博客技术先驱创始人埃文威廉姆斯(EvanWilliams)创建的新兴公司Obvious推出了大围脖服务。在最初阶段，这项服务只是用于向好友的手机发送文本信息。2006年底，Obvious对服务进行了升级，用户无需输入自己的手机号码，而可以通过即时信息服务和个性化Twitter网站接收和发送信息。WritingInternetisdescribedbymanypeopleasadouble-edgedswordforitnotonlyrevolutionizedthemeansofinformationexchange;ithasalsobroughtus,alongwithitsmanyadvantages,alotofsideeffects.Pleasewriteanessayof300wordsonthedisadvantagesoftheInternet.作文点评作文点评（5张左右）张左右）Text B Always on1.Why did the author feel a pang in the Himalayas?2.What does the author think of the lifestyle of people living in the 21st century?3.Why is a BlackBerry an addictive device from the authors perspective?4.Do you consider online shorthand a blessing or a curse?5.What is the key message the author tries to convey in this essay?No.1 Theauthorfeltthatalthoughhehadtravelledallthewaytotheremotestplaceonearth,hestillcannotescapewhathehadalreadyspenttoomuchtimedoingbackhome.Itisnowalmostimpossibletosecludeoneselffromtheoutsideworldbecauseoftheprevailinginternet.No.2Peoplelivinginthe21stcenturyareimmersedinalifestylethatallowsmenaccesstothewebanywhere,anytime.Livingthiswayisbothablessingandacurse.No.3 Blackberryiswirelessandworkswhereveritpicksupasignal.Becauseoftheconvenienceitoffers,peopleuseitalmosteverywhereandlifewillbeseverelyhandicappedwithoutit.No.4Bothablessingandacurse.Itisablessinginthatitenhancesthespeedofcommunication.Itisacursebecauseitfailstoconveypeoplesideasadequatelyandaccurately.No.5Inasense,webecomeincreasinglyoblivious(unconsciousof)totherealworldwhileweareenjoyingthebenefitsbroughtbyhightechnologiesFurther reading1.Herdaughtersrepeatedcomplaints2.Canrealizewhatisimportantintheirlife3.Affectedfamilyrelationships4.Pressured5.Hisfamilyhadintervened6.Hadaninternetaddiction7.Professionalhelp8.OnlinedatingE-C“高速公路”这个词是这种现象的一个误导名称。这条“高速公路”与其说是一个静态的网络，不如说是一个社会和商业的环境。该“高速公路”由网络和计算机资源组成，但更重要的是，它定义了一个人与人、组织与组织之间相互作用和联系的新环境。正是由于这些原因，建立这种“高速公路”需要协同合作的力量，而不是过去传统的那种服务提供商用户模式。基于这些概念，信息高速公路可以定义为：“一种不受地理位置制约的用户环境，它使用高速网络和计算机进行多媒体通讯”。这种虚拟环境使得用户第一次可以通过同时使用语音、视频、图象和数据，以近乎真实的方式相互交流。这种环境综合了三种快速发展的技术而建立。它们是：传输，交换和压缩。C-EInternet,originallyestablishedasanexperimentalnetworkfortheU.S.Defensedepartment,nowspansmorethan20millioncomputersworldwide,withanestimated500,000increaseeveryyear.Itofferselectronicmail,thousandsofbulletinboard-typenews-groupsandavarietyofdatabaseservices.Theelectronicmailallowsyoutoencapsulateyourgreetingswithvideoimagesandsoundaswellasdata.Moreimportantly,itenhancescollaborativeworkingthroughaninformation-richexchangeofdata.C-EExperimentsontransmittingliveaudioandvideoovertheinternethavealsobeenconducted.ThesheersizeoftheInternetmakesitacandidateforthebackboneoftheInformationSuperhighway.Butinordertosupportthegrowingnumberofusersandthemultimediaapplications,theavailablebandwidthwillhavetoincreasedramatically,whichisthetechnicalproblematthecoreoftheInformationSuperhighway.Topics for research and presentation1.Cyberaddiction2.Distanteducation3.Shoppingonline