阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧.ppt

阅读理解能力提高技巧阅读理解能力提高技巧猜测词义猜测词义 高高三英语组三英语组l（2014湖南卷阅读B）lIn the mid-1950s,I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort.One day,this approach threw me into embarrassment.lIn Mrs.Tottens eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson,Indiana,we were learning to add and subtract decimals(小数).l61.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?lA.It is wise to value ones time.lB.It is important to make an effortlC.It is right to stick to ones belief.lD It is enough to do the necessary.Lead-in(Lead-in(导入导入)l（2015全国卷阅读C）lThe fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作）with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida.l31.What does the word “contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?lA.Artworks.B Projectsl C.Donations D.Documents 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word“”refers to/probably means /could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1._ ：一般通过一般通过_来确定词义。来确定词义。(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)Definition 定义法定义法定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.(n.蚊子蚊子)特别注意下列特别注意下列信号词信号词：be,be called,means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,-(破破折号折号)等等.Ex.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.木匠木匠动物学家动物学家脊椎动物脊椎动物“Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted.The very words create a picture:You can imagine a friend turning away so that,instead of a warm greeting,you receive only his shoulder a“cold”shoulder.The expression“getting the cold shoulder”means _.A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB.greeting you friendlyC.greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D.feeding you cold meat2._2._：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。词（组）猜测词义。Contrast 对比法对比法 Cycling was once a means of transport for the poor.But it has become an important marker of an affluent world city.65.The underlined word“affluent”in the last paragraph probably means _.A beautiful B.famous C.big D.wealthy l l表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,though however,otherwise,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of 等。1.Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.2.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Exercise 2 3.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.4.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.5.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱混乱 无辜的无辜的 天生的天生的 6.Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.7.She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A.on time B.late C.slowly D.quickly A (v.不同意不同意)3._3._：利用：利用_、_ _ 或或相似的结构相似的结构猜测词义。猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)Similarity 相似法相似法同义词同义词近义词（词组）近义词（词组）当被猜的词前后有信号词当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,asas,the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。义了。The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.代替代替圆胖的圆胖的,4_：从：从_推测推测_，从，从_推测推测_。One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.大的大的).Cause Effect 因果法因果法原因原因原因原因结果结果结果结果因果关系因果关系 信号词信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的 When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.(04广东高考题）广东高考题）65.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”(in para.3)means that the colours _A.attracted the customers stronglyB.had weak effects on the customersC.tricked the customers into shoppingD.caused the customers to lose interest D5._：利用文中的举例：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance,for example,such as:such,like,especially,include,consist of 等等 1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.电器用具电器用具)Example 例举法例举法 2.Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.3.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的非自然的)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(发错音发错音)Word Formation 构词法构词法：6 6._._英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超超)mini-(极小的极小的,微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能的的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)Today the sport is popular in Latin America,Asia and,unfortunately,in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawful in almost every state.What does the word“unlawful”possibly mean?A.allowed by the lawB.in accordance with the lawC.against the lawD.having nothing to do with the lawPrefix(前缀）前缀）usualunusualhappy-unhappy1)He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything.Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.A.see clearly B.understand C.expectB7._7._：利用：利用_来猜测词义。来猜测词义。Context Context 上下文上下文语境及前后的提示语境及前后的提示2 2）The children are looking at an The children are looking at an apeape.A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of tree C Ca kind of birda kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The The children children are are looking looking at at a a large,large,hairyhairy apeape at at the the zoozoo A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of tree C Ca kind of birda kind of birdA AA AB BC.C.AC(n.猿猿)8_8_：根据根据_来猜测词义。来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious(无意识的），无意识的），because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n.麻醉剂麻醉剂(药药).Common sense 普通常识普通常识普通常识和生活经验普通常识和生活经验 Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.Example 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 Summary Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)1.They traveled a long way,at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.?2.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.?3.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.?4.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.?1.同位法。同位语部分同位法。同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了给出了 castle 的确切词义，即的确切词义，即“城堡城堡”。They traveled a long way,at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.2.定义法。定语从句中定义法。定语从句中who looks after sheep 就表明就表明herdsman 的词的词义为义为牧人牧人。The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.3.3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明楚地表明night shift night shift 是是“夜班夜班”的意的意思。思。We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.4.4.对比法。对比法。but but 表转折，因此表转折，因此but but 前后的意思前后的意思是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天是相反的。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上第一节上课迟到了课迟到了，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向向 准时准时 的结论。的结论。She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived late for her first class.小试身手1.Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.A.time B.competition C.perseverance2.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的成功的 B.徒劳的徒劳的C.有效的有效的D.匆促的匆促的3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3 months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级上级 B.前任前任 C.同事同事 D.下级下级祝祝功功成成你你!4.She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A.心不在焉的心不在焉的 B.紧张的紧张的 C.全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.A.pretty B.quiet C.protective D.energetic6.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever祝祝功功成成你你!7.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry8.Just for fun,they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.A.direct B.indirect C.straight9.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived late for her first class.?A.on time B.late C.absent祝祝功功成成你你!真题体验真题体验一、一、(14安徽卷安徽卷D)Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings,I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward.If we always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves.Thus,I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different,even though that might be the more risky choice.70.By“move things forward”in the last paragraph,the author probably means“_.”A.destroy old buildings B.put things in a different placeC.choose new architectural styles D.respect peoples feelings for historical buildings二、（二、（14福建卷福建卷A）By now paramedics（救（救援人员）援人员）had arrived,and were attending the injured woman.As we walked up to her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.Instead I gave the flower to the womans husband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”58.The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably means“_”.A.astonished B.struck C.frightened D.excited Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas.Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks,born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word“obtain”probably mean?A.eat B.get C.sell D.buyBPassage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage(宗系宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame DPassage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping BPassage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.relaxing D.challengingBPassage 5 Although he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stopBPassage 6 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.The underlined word“astounded”means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised D 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。会理解错误。教师点评教师点评Homework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。完成印发的猜测词义练习。Any comment is welcome.Bye!