仁爱英语七年级下册语法讲解：一般现在时、现在进行时及一般过去时.ppt

时态大比拼一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时 在英语中，在英语中，不同时间不同时间发生的动作发生的动作或存在的状态要用或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式不同的动词形式来来表现。表现。每种时态的概念、信息词、每种时态的概念、信息词、结构、句式变化、以及某些时态结构、句式变化、以及某些时态间的相互区别间的相互区别重点掌握重点掌握时态时态Tense动词的类别动词的类别（根据其在句中的功能）（根据其在句中的功能）（根据其在句中的功能）（根据其在句中的功能）Be动词动词 am、is、are/was、were助动词（助动词（只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。）和语气等动词形式。）do、does/did/done情态动词情态动词（表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人（表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。）语动词。）can、may、could、need、must、shoud系动词系动词（后跟形容词构成系表结构）（后跟形容词构成系表结构）look、taste、smell、feel、get、become 实义动词实义动词（行为）动词（有完整的词义，并能单独（行为）动词（有完整的词义，并能单独作谓语）作谓语）及物动词后面必须跟宾语及物动词后面必须跟宾语 buy,catch,invent,found,like,及物动词后面必须跟宾语及物动词后面必须跟宾语 agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,时时态态现在进行时：现在进行时：一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：现在正在现在正在进行进行的动作的动作 经常经常或或习惯性习惯性的动的动作或存在的状态。作或存在的状态。过去过去某个时间或时间段发某个时间或时间段发生的动作或存在的状态。生的动作或存在的状态。(The Present Continuous Tense)(The Simple Present Tense)(The Simple Past Tense)一般现在时表常常发生的动作或经常存在的状态一般现在时表常常发生的动作或经常存在的状态,常常和和always,often,usually,every day,sometimes等表示等表示时间的状语连用时间的状语连用.e.g.I go to school every day.He is always like that.Where do you live?What do you do here?一般现在时的构成形式有一般现在时的构成形式有:肯定句肯定句,疑问句疑问句,否定句否定句,疑问否定式疑问否定式一般现在时一般现在时肯定句否定句疑问句I am a worker.I am not a worker.Are you a worker?He/She/It is a worker.He(She,It)is not a worker.Is he(she,it)a worker?We are workers.We are not workers.Are we workers?You are worker.You are not worker.Are you worker?They are workers.They are not workers.Are they workers?肯定句否定句疑问句I work.I do not work.Do I work?He(She,It)works.He(She,It)does not work.Does he(she,it)work?We work.We do not work.Do we work?You work.You do not work.Do you work?They work.They do not work.Do they work?动词第三人称动词第三人称单数的构成：单数的构成：直接加直接加-s.playplays，wantwants，knowknows，helphelps以以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾加结尾加-es.guessguesses teachteaches brushbrushes，gogoes，dodoes，watchwatches以以“辅音辅音+y“结尾变结尾变y 为为i再加再加-es.studystudies，carrycarries，flyflies，worryworries现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作,可和可和now,look,listen,at present,at this moment,these days等时间等时间词连用词连用.e.g.What are you doing now,John?Where are you doing?The telephone is ringing,would you answer it?Im not doing anything at present.He is writing a novel these days.现在进行时的构成形式有现在进行时的构成形式有:肯定句肯定句,疑问句疑问句,否定句否定句,疑问否定式疑问否定式现在进行时现在进行时肯定句疑问句否定句I am working.Am I working?I am not working.He(She,It)is working.Is he(she,it)working?He(She,It)is not working?We are working.Are we working?We are not working.You are working.Are you working?You are not working?They are working?Are they working?They are not working.现在分词现在分词 的构成：的构成：直接加直接加-ing.sleep-sleeping study-studying speak-speaking say-saying重读重读“辅元辅辅元辅”结构，双写尾字母加结构，双写尾字母加-ing.stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running forget-forgetting以以e 结尾去结尾去e加加-ing.make-making come-comingtake-taking have-having以以ie结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把ie改为改为y，再加，再加ing die-dying lie-lying1.定义定义:1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态的状态,常和表示过去的常和表示过去的时间状语时间状语(如如yesterday,last night,in 1990,two days ago.)连用连用;2)也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示常和表示频度的时间状语频度的时间状语(如如often,always)连用。连用。一般过去时一般过去时e.g.My father was at work yesterday afternoon.He always went to work by bus last year.I was born in 1990.What did you do yesterday?They were in Beijing a week ago.I played football last night.2.句子构成:“主语+动词的过去式+其他”;1)系动词be的过去时:am(is)was are were陈述句:主语+be动词的过去式+其他否定句:主语+be动词的过去式+not+其他疑问句:be动词的过去式+主语+其他?eg：Mike was in the United States last year.Mike was not(wasnt)in the United States last year.-Was Mike in the United states?-Yes,he was./No,he wasnt.They were at home yesterday.注意注意:带有带有be动词的过去时的句子动词的过去时的句子,一定要看清一定要看清主语再正确选择用主语再正确选择用was还是还是were.2)行为动词的一般过去时:陈述句:主语+动词过去式+其它 I go to the movie.I went to the movie.否定句:主语+助动词didnt+动词原形+其它 I dont go to school today.I didnt go to school.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它 Do you have breakfast?Did you have breakfast?我们在一般现在时中学过:当谓语动词为行为动词时,在句子变成疑问句或否定句时,我们必须加上助动词do或does,而在过去时中,我们借助did这个词来完成。e.g.He played football yesterday.He didnt play football yesterday.-Did he play football yesterday?-Yes,he did./No,he didnt.注意注意:在否定句或者疑问句中在否定句或者疑问句中,有了助动词有了助动词did后后,行为动词要还原行为动词要还原,不能再写成过去式不能再写成过去式.2.规则动词过去时的变化规则构成方法原形过去式一般情况在动词原形后加-edwantanswer wanted answered以字母e 结尾的动词，只加-dmovedie moved died以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y 改为i,再加-edcarrycry carried cried 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopplan stopped plannedam,iswas areweregowent dodidhavehad comecametaketook saysaideatate seesawgetgot putputsleepslept givegavewritewrote readread动词过去式的不规则变化动词过去式的不规则变化/red/各时态常用的信息词现在进行时：一般现在时:一般过去时:now,Look!Listen!at this time Where is?Dont talk!Its 8:00am.always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,every day,every,three times a day last night,last,two days ago,ago,in 1999,in+过去过去的年份的年份,just now=a moment ago,yesterday,yesterday morning 判断下列信息词是属于哪种时态判断下列信息词是属于哪种时态 last night now every day Look!yesterday often Listen!two years ago alwaysin 1897 three times a week 一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时1.He is a teacher.2.Kangkang comes from China.3.I usually take the bus to work.4.They are having classes.5.Jane played the guitar last night.先（一般疑问句）再（否定句）Is he a teacher?He isnt a teacher.Does Kangkang come from China?Kangkang doesnt come from China.Do you usually take the bus to work?I dont usually take the bus to work.Are they having classes?They arent having classes.Did Jane play the guitar last night?Jane didnt play the guitar last night.句句型型变变化化操操练练 have-look-begin-use-shop-get-dance-study-现在分词第三人称单数过去式study-finish-have-go-do-play-watch-give-need-stop-hope-play-try-plan-visit-like-having looking beginning using shopping getting dancing studying studies finishes has goes does plays watches gives needed stopped hoped played tried planned visited liked用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Listen!Mary _ (sing)now.2.A young man _(run)on the playground now.3.My mother _(watch)TV play every day.4.Old Bush _(visit)China again last month.5.I _(play)sports three times a day.6.Look!Lucy and Lily _(read)books.7.There _(is)a football match yesterday afternoon.8.Our class _(go)to the zoo three days ago.is singing is running watches visited play are reading was wentLets correct:1.I goes to school at six every day.2.He dont like playing football.3.They likes playing games.4.Daming watchs TV in the evening.5.Does he usually has a party?6.What do they on Sunday?7.Tony goes always to school at eight oclock.8.What they eat in the party?9.Lily haves lunch at school.10.What do his parents usually gives him?godoesntlikewatcheshavedohasgivedo时态大比拼She got up at seven oclock yesterday.（用 now改写）She is getting up now.（用 every day改写）She gets up at seven oclock every day.时态大比拼Look！Tom is cleaning his room.（用on weekends 改写）Tom cleans his room on weekends.（用two hours ago改写）Tom cleaned his room two hours ago.I usually wash my clothes in the afternoon.(用now改写)I am washing my clothes now.(用last weekend改写)I washed my clothes last weekend.对比时态动词形式否定句一般疑问句现在进行时 一般现在时一般过去时表格对比学习表格对比学习be+v-ing(现在分词）现在分词）在在be 后后加上加上not Be提到提到句首句首V-原形原形V-三人单三人单在行为在行为v.前借用前借用do,does后加后加not，行为动词还原，行为动词还原Do,Does 提到句首，提到句首，行为动词行为动词还原还原V-ed(过去式）过去式）在行为在行为v.前借前借用用did后加后加not，行为动词还，行为动词还原原Did 提到句提到句首，行为首，行为动词还原动词还原改一般疑问句的方法：改否定句的方法：首先看有无be动词，如果有，将be提到句首并大写，句末打问号.如果没有be动词，看原句的动词形式来决定借用助动词do/does/did,并且行为动词要还原。V-原形V-s/esV-ed(过去式)+动词原形?以此类推首先看有无be动词，如果有，在be 动词后面加not.如果没有be 动词，看原句的动词形式来决定借用助动词do/does/did,并在后面加not,并且行为动词要还原。主语+dont/doesnt/didnt+动词原形DoDoesDidHomework:Homework:1 1、AftercopyingandmemorizewordsAftercopyingandmemorizewords22、DotheworkbookexercisesDotheworkbookexercises