语法专题主从复合句状语从句TheAdverbialClau.ppt

语法专题语法专题 主从复合句：状语从句主从复合句：状语从句 The Adverbial Clauses一、基本概念一、基本概念二、状语从句分类二、状语从句分类三、各类状语从句重难点三、各类状语从句重难点四、考点与注意点汇总四、考点与注意点汇总1、状语、状语修修饰饰动动词词、形形容容词词、副副词词或或整整个个句句子子，说说明明动动作作或或状状态态特特征征的的句句子子成成分分，叫叫做做状状语语。通通常常由由副副词词、介介词词短短语语、动词动词不定式、分不定式、分词词或从句或从句等担当。等担当。2、状、状语语从句从句 在在主主句句中中作作状状语语的的从从句句叫叫状状语语从从句句，主主要要用用来来修修饰饰主主句句或或主主句句的的谓谓语语，状状语语从从句句在在句句中中相相当当于于副副词词做状做状语语，因此又叫副，因此又叫副词词性从句。性从句。一、基本概念一、基本概念1.While I was walking along the street,I found many beautiful buildings ()2.Where there is a will,there is a way.()3.Now that everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.()5.So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.()6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.()8.The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son.()9.He is taller than I am.()时间时间地点地点 原因原因 目的目的 结果结果例例句句导导入入条件条件让步让步方式方式 比较比较二、状语从句分类二、状语从句分类九九种种状状语语从从句句时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句 归纳总结归纳总结1、时间状语从句、时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,by the time,till,until,notuntil,once,as soon as,the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,every time,each time,the first/second/last time3、原因状语从句、原因状语从句because,since,as,for,now that(既然）既然）,in that（因为）（因为）4、条件状语从句、条件状语从句 if,unless,as(so)long as,on condition that2、地点状语从句、地点状语从句where,wherever 各类状语从句常见的连接词各类状语从句常见的连接词5、让步状语从句、让步状语从句 although,though,as,even though/even if,while(虽虽然然）,when,no matter+which/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror7、目的状语从句、目的状语从句so that,in order that,in case 8、方式状语从句、方式状语从句 as,as if/as though 6、结果状语从句、结果状语从句sothat,suchthat各类状语从句对应的连接词各类状语从句对应的连接词9、比较状语从句、比较状语从句 than,asas,not so/asas,the+比较级比较级,the+比较级比较级 用用横横线线划划出出下下列列句句子子中中的的状状语语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句从句，并指出是哪种状语从句1.Child as she is,she knows a lot of things.2.The more I can do for the class,the happier Ill be.3.He talks as if(as though)he knew all about it.4.He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.让步让步比较比较方式方式结果结果条件条件 时间时间辨析状语从句类型练习辨析状语从句类型练习7.Where there is water,there is life.8.He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9.Since you are very busy,I wont trouble you.10.Even if(though)I fail.Ill never lose heart.11.Once you begin the work,you must continue.12.Although the sun was shining,it wasnt very warm.地点地点目的目的原因原因让步让步时间时间让步让步三、时间状语从句重难点三、时间状语从句重难点1、when,while,as引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句（1）when的用法的用法A.when引导时间状语从句既可指时间点，也可指时间段引导时间状语从句既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）。For example:当我住在那里时，我常在周日去海滨。当我住在那里时，我常在周日去海滨。When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.他到上海时，他妈妈到车站接他。他到上海时，他妈妈到车站接他。When he arrived in Shanghai,his mother met him at the station.（1）when的用法的用法B.When 在下列在下列句式句式中译中译为为“就在那时就在那时,这时这时”，可以看成是并列句，可以看成是并列句，这种用法的这种用法的when一般位于句末。一般位于句末。For example:我正在穿衣服，这时电话响了。我正在穿衣服，这时电话响了。I was putting on my clothes when the telephone rang.我正要锁门，这时电话响了。我正要锁门，这时电话响了。我刚锁上门，这时电话响了。我刚锁上门，这时电话响了。was doing whenwas about to dowhen had done when 时间状语从句练习一时间状语从句练习一 1.(04北京春北京春)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.(02上海上海)He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as B.until C.whileD.when 3.(05上海上海)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.thatD.until 4.(05福建福建)Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.Before B.when C.thatD.until 5.(06辽宁辽宁)He was about halfway through his meal _a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.whileA AD DB BB BC C（2）while的用法的用法A.while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词延续性动词。强调。强调某一段时间内主句动作发生，相当于某一段时间内主句动作发生，相当于during the time that.;从句从句常用常用进行时态进行时态。For example:当别人工作时，请不要这么大声说话。当别人工作时，请不要这么大声说话。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.B.while作为作为并列连词并列连词，意为，意为“而，却而，却”，表示表示同类对比。同类对比。For example:我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。I like watching TV,while he likes reading.（2）while的用法的用法C.while也可用来引导也可用来引导让步状语从句让步状语从句，意为，意为“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”，相当相当于于althoughFor example:尽管我承认这些问题很难，但我并不同意他们无法解决。尽管我承认这些问题很难，但我并不同意他们无法解决。While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cant be solved.D.趁趁的情况赶紧做的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了否则来不及了 For example:趁热打铁。趁热打铁。Strike while the iron is hot.时间状语从句练习二时间状语从句练习二6.(06天津天津)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.while7.(04年江苏年江苏)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless8._it is true that a students most important goal is to do well in his or her studies,it doesnt need to be the only goal.A.when B.As C.While D.Before9.Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal.A.so that B.although C.while D.as ifD DA AC CC C（3）as的用法的用法A.as可用来引导时间状语，可用来引导时间状语，常可和常可和when换用，但较强调换用，但较强调主从句动主从句动作同时发生作同时发生，意为，意为“一边一边一边一边”，引出伴随动作，引出伴随动作For example:她一边做作业，一边听音乐。她一边做作业，一边听音乐。She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.B.as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，“随着随着.”的意思，表时的意思，表时间的推移间的推移。For example:随着时间的流逝，我开始意识到学习的重要性。随着时间的流逝，我开始意识到学习的重要性。As time went by,I began to realize the importance of learning.随着年龄的增长，我对音乐更加感兴趣。随着年龄的增长，我对音乐更加感兴趣。As I grow older,I become more interested in music.（3）as的用法的用法C.as也可用来引导也可用来引导原因状语从句原因状语从句，意为意为“因为因为”For example:因为她今天有时间，所以她想去购物。因为她今天有时间，所以她想去购物。As she is free today,she would like to do some shopping.D.as还可用来引导还可用来引导让步状语从句让步状语从句（用（用倒装倒装结构）结构），意为，意为“尽管尽管”。For example:尽管他很累，他却拒绝休息。尽管他很累，他却拒绝休息。Tired as he was,he refused to take a rest.2、before、after引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句（1）before和和after表示的是两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系；表示的是两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系；引导时间状语从句最基本的意思就是引导时间状语从句最基本的意思就是“在在.之前之前”、“在在之后之后”；before从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句用过去从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句用过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时；时，主句一般要用过去完成时；after从句的动作通常发生在主句从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句用过去时，从句一般要用过去完成时。动作之前，如果主句用过去时，从句一般要用过去完成时。For example:在我们看到陆地前，我们已经航行四天四夜了。在我们看到陆地前，我们已经航行四天四夜了。（我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。）（我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。）We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.他在这家工厂工作十年以后就出国了。他在这家工厂工作十年以后就出国了。After he had worked in the factory for ten years,he went abroad.（2）before时间状语从句的特殊句式时间状语从句的特殊句式主主句句包包含含表表段段时时间间的的短短语语、且且为为肯肯定定句句常常译译成成“（之之后后）才才”；主句包含表主句包含表段时间段时间的短语、且为的短语、且为否定句否定句常译成常译成“就就”；这样的句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态。这样的句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态。A.It will be/段时间段时间beforedo“还要过多久才还要过多久才”B.It was+时间段时间段+before did（动作已发生）（动作已发生）C.It would be+段时间段时间+before didD.It will not be long before“不多久就会不多久就会”E.It was not long before“不多久就不多久就了了”F.It would be not long before“不多久就不多久就了了”For example:再过两年他再过两年他才才大学毕业。大学毕业。It will be two years before he graduates from the university.两年之后他两年之后他才才大学毕业。大学毕业。It was two years before he graduated from the university.他不多久他不多久就会就会从大学毕业了。从大学毕业了。It will not be long before he graduates from the university.他不多久他不多久就就从大学毕业了。从大学毕业了。It was not long before he graduated from the university.2、before、after引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句（3）before的特殊意思的特殊意思For example:趁着还没趁着还没忘记我要把它写下来。忘记我要把它写下来。Ill write it down before I forget it.我还我还未来得及未来得及见他，他就离开了。见他，他就离开了。He had left before I could see him.时间状语从句练习三时间状语从句练习三10.(03年年北北京京)He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A.until B.when C.before D.as11.(04福福建建)Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since B.after C.before D.when12.(06四川四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.A.before B.untilC.whenD.after 13.(05北京春北京春)It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.before B.since C.after D.because C CC CA AB B3、until,till,notuntil引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句（1）until/till从句用于从句用于肯定句肯定句时，主句的动词是时，主句的动词是延续性动作延续性动作，表，表示示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，译为译为“直到直到为止为止”。For example:我们一直在那里待到雨停了。我们一直在那里待到雨停了。We stayed there until the rain stopped.（2）until从句用于从句用于否定句否定句时，主句的动词是时，主句的动词是短暂性动作短暂性动作，表示，表示“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”，译为译为“直到直到 才才”。For example:我们一直到雨停了才离开。我们一直到雨停了才离开。We didnt leave until the rain stopped.注意注意till不可放在句首或用于强调句中，不可放在句首或用于强调句中，notuntil句型中一般也不用句型中一般也不用till。3、until,till,notuntil引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句（3）用于强调句式）用于强调句式“It is/was not until.that.”For example:直到雨停了我们才离开。直到雨停了我们才离开。It was not until the rain stopped that we left.（4）not until放在句首放在句首时时主句要进行部分倒装主句要进行部分倒装For example:我们一直到雨停了才离开。我们一直到雨停了才离开。Not until the rain stopped did we leave.时间状语从句练习四时间状语从句练习四14.(03北北京京春春)Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes.He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.A.after B.unless C.until D.when15.(03上上海海)A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _he reaches the end of the story.A.when B.unless C.after D.until16.It was not _ she took off her dark glasses_ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when;that B.until;that C.until;when D.when;thenC CD DB B4、since引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句since从句从句一般要用非延续性动词一般要用非延续性动词，意为，意为“自从自从时起时起”，主句要用完成时，主句要用完成时态态For example:他大学毕业后一直在这座城市工作。他大学毕业后一直在这座城市工作。He has worked in this city since he graduated from the college.注意注意（1）since所引导从句如果所引导从句如果用延续性或状态动词的一般过去时用延续性或状态动词的一般过去时，所表示的就是，所表示的就是动作或状态的完成或结束。动作或状态的完成或结束。翻译：翻译：Since Tom lived in Nanjing,I have not heard from him.自从自从Tom离开南京以后，我没有收到过他的信。离开南京以后，我没有收到过他的信。（2）作）作介词介词时，时，since后要接时间点，而不是时间段；后要接时间点，而不是时间段；since还可作还可作副词副词，后来，后来,与完成时连用。与完成时连用。判断正误：判断正误：He has writing the book since five years 翻译：她丈夫十年前就去世了，从那以后她没再结婚。翻译：她丈夫十年前就去世了，从那以后她没再结婚。Her husband died ten years ago,but she hasnt remarried since.（3）It is+段时间段时间+sincedid/was ago.5、表示、表示“一一就就”句型句型（1）as soon as/onceFor example:我一到上海就会写信给你。我一到上海就会写信给你。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai,I will write to you.你你一旦一旦开始这项工作，就必须继续下去。开始这项工作，就必须继续下去。Once you begin the work,you must continue.注意注意(1)在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。(2)once一般译为一般译为“一旦一旦”，从句可以表示时，从句可以表示时间和条件两层含义。间和条件两层含义。5、表示、表示“一一就就”句型句型（2）名词短语转变成连词：）名词短语转变成连词：the moment,the instant,the minute,the secondFor example:他一听说发生了事故，就到现场来了。他一听说发生了事故，就到现场来了。He came to the spot/scene the moment he heard of the accident.（3）副词转变成连词：）副词转变成连词：instantly,immediately,directly For example:他们一得到口信就把消息告诉我了。他们一得到口信就把消息告诉我了。They told me the news immediately they got the message.5、表示、表示“一一就就”句型句型（4）no sooner.than,hardly/scarcely.when A.意思：意思：“一一就就”B.时态：时态：主句（主句（no sooner/hardly/scarcely）用过去完成时，）用过去完成时，从句从句(than/when)用一般过去时。用一般过去时。C.倒装：倒装：结构中的否定词（结构中的否定词（no sooner/hardly/scarcely）放在句首）放在句首时，主句（紧跟其后的句子）要倒装。时，主句（紧跟其后的句子）要倒装。For example:我刚到车站，火车就开走了。我刚到车站，火车就开走了。I had no sooner got to the station than the train left.句型转换（句型转换（no sooner）置于句首：）置于句首：No sooner had I got to the station than the train left.5、表示、表示“一一就就”句型句型（5）介词短语）介词短语on doing sth./on ones+n.作时间状语作时间状语,意为意为“一一就就”For example:美国学生一到来，我们就给他们热情地欢迎。美国学生一到来，我们就给他们热情地欢迎。On arriving,we gave the American students a warm welcome.句型转换句型转换:On their arrival,we gave the American students a warm welcome.时间状语从句练习五时间状语从句练习五17.(01北京春北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.whileB.the moment C.suddenlyD.although18.(1998上海上海)I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the first timeD.by the first time19._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had B BC CC C6、一些含有一些含有time的名词短语的名词短语如如the first/second/last time,every time,each time,next time,by the time等，也可引导时间状语从句。等，也可引导时间状语从句。For example:我第一次开车时，感觉特别紧张。我第一次开车时，感觉特别紧张。The first time I drove the car,I felt very nervous.下次你来时，请带上你的作文。下次你来时，请带上你的作文。Next time you come,please bring your composition.到你毕业的时候，我们已经在澳大利亚居住一年了。到你毕业的时候，我们已经在澳大利亚居住一年了。By the time you graduate,we will have lived in Australia for one year.四、地点状语从句重难点四、地点状语从句重难点1、where/whereverWhere指指“在某个地方在某个地方”，wherever指指“在任何一个地方在任何一个地方”；可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。For example:有志者事竟成有志者事竟成/有水的地方就有生命。有水的地方就有生命。Where there is a will,there is a way.Where there is water,there is life.You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。你应该把书放在原来的地方。无论你去哪里都要遵守法律。无论你去哪里都要遵守法律。Wherever you go,you must obey the law.2、where引导地点状语从句与定语从句的区别引导地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而作先行词；而where引导地点状语从句时从句本身就是主引导地点状语从句时从句本身就是主句动作发生的场所。句动作发生的场所。For example:一般而言，有工厂的地方空气都会被严重污染。一般而言，有工厂的地方空气都会被严重污染。Generally,air will be heavily polluted in the places where there are factories.Generally,air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.定语从句：主句定语从句：主句表地点的名词表地点的名词+where place状语从句：主句状语从句：主句+where place1.After the war，a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when2.-Dont look down upon Bob.He has his own advantages.-Oh,yes._ others are weak,he is strong.A.If B.When C.Where D.Though3.-The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.-I had told you it would easily break _it was the weakest A.when B.where C.unless D.since 地点状语从句练习地点状语从句练习五、原因状语从句重难点五、原因状语从句重难点原原因因状状语语从从句句由由because,as,since,now(that)（既既然然）,in that（因因为为，多多于于口口语语中中）,seeing(that)（鉴鉴于于，由由于于）,considering that（考虑到）（考虑到）等引导。等引导。1、becausebecause用来回答用来回答why提出的问题，提出的问题，表示某件事发生的直接原因或理表示某件事发生的直接原因或理由，用于告知对方不知道的原因。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的由，用于告知对方不知道的原因。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强，可用于强调句。语气最强，可用于强调句。For example:昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.It was because I was on duty that I came back late yesterday.2、since,now thatsince、now that常常表表示示关关系系上上的的自自然然结结果果，特特别别用用于于原原因因已已经经清清楚楚了了的的事事情情，说说话话人人根根据据这这个个事事实实得得出出某某一一种种结结论论。其其语语气气比比because要弱，一般译成要弱，一般译成“既然既然”，往往放在主句前。，往往放在主句前。For example:既然你已经知道了这个秘密，我就不必说了。既然你已经知道了这个秘密，我就不必说了。Since you have known the secret,I neednt say anything about it.3、asas常用于表示十分明显的原因，只是对主句的附带说明，常用于表示十分明显的原因，只是对主句的附带说明，重点放在重点放在主句上主句上，语气较弱，常译成，语气较弱，常译成“由于由于”，可放在主句前或主句后。可放在主句前或主句后。For example:由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。As he didnt know much English,he looked up the word in the dictionary.4、forfor也也可可以以表表示示原原因因，属属并并列列连连词词，不不是是说说明明直直接接原原因因，而而是是对对某某种种情情况况加加以以推推断断或或解解释释，对对前前一一分分句句进进行行附附加加说说明明；它它引引出出的的分分句句必必须放在另一分句后。须放在另一分句后。For example:门关着，屋子里肯定没人。门关着，屋子里肯定没人。There must be no one in the house，for the door is closed.单项选择：单项选择：The day must be breaking,_ the birds have begun singing.A.because B.as C.for D.since 5、seeing(that),considering(that),in that这几个连词这几个连词 和和since,as 意义相似，他们都有意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实、原因鉴于某个事实、原因是是”的意思。的意思。For example:鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生了。鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生了。Seeing that he was badly ill,we sent for the doctor.六、条件状语从句重难点六、条件状语从句重难点由由if,unless（if.not）,so/as long as,supposing(that)（假假设设）,provided/providing(that)（假假若若）,in case（万万一一,以以防防）,on condition that（条件是（条件是.），so/as far as（就（就.而言）而言）等等引导引导1、if/unlessif表示正面的条件，意为表示正面的条件，意为“如果如果”；unless表示反面的条件，相当于（表示反面的条件，相当于（ifnot），意为），意为“除非，如果不除非，如果不”。For example:如果他如果他12点前不来，我们就不等他了。点前不来，我们就不等他了。We wont wait for him,if he doesnt come before 12oclock.We wont wait for him,unless he comes befor