英汉互译定语从句翻译.ppt

定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译 A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures 英汉定语结构的对比英汉定语结构的对比 This is the cat.这就是那只猫这就是那只猫 This is the cat that killed the rat.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake。*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.*这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。老鼠的猫。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。里的蛋糕。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老老 鼠偷吃了放在屋鼠偷吃了放在屋里里 的蛋糕。的蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。屋子是杰克盖的。n英汉定语结构的特点英汉定语结构的特点n英语英语 右开放结构右开放结构n汉语汉语 在封闭结构在封闭结构 Transaltion of Restrictive Attributive Clauses 限制性定语从句译法限制性定语从句译法 1.Combination 1.Combination合并法合并法合并法合并法 在句式较短的情况下，译成在句式较短的情况下，译成“的的”结构。结构。例例1.Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是污染是我们必须解决我们必须解决的一个迫切间题。的一个迫切间题。例例2.July and August are the months when the weather is hot.七八月是天气七八月是天气很热很热的月份。的月份。nIn the room where the electronic computer is kept,there must be no dust at all.在在存放电子计算机的存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。房间里，不能有一点灰尘。nMr.Taylor,who had been silent before,spoke out suddenly.刚才一直沉默不语的刚才一直沉默不语的泰勒先生突然开口了。泰勒先生突然开口了。PracticePractice2.Division 分译法分译法 化化整整为为零零，分分别别翻翻译译，独独立立成成句句。对对于于长长而而复复杂杂的的定定语语结结构可用此法。构可用此法。例例：They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which,in the past,many Chinese have laid down their lives.他他们们正正在在为为实实现现一一个个埋埋想想而而努努力力，这这个个理理想想是是每每个个中中国国人人所所珍珍爱爱的的，在在过过去去，许许多多中中国国人人为为了了这这个个理理想想而而牺牺牲牲了了自自已已的生命。的生命。PracticePracticenThis is a college of science and technology,the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.这这是是一一所所科科技技大大学学，该该校校学学生生将将培培养养成成工工程师或科学工作者。程师或科学工作者。3.Mixture混合法混合法 打打破破原原文文的的定定语语结结构构，译译者者根根据据自自己己的的理理解，译出原文的意思。解，译出原文的意思。例例1.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下楼下有人要见你有人要见你。例例2.There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.某些金属某些金属既能导电，又能被磁化既能导电，又能被磁化。Translation of Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses非限制性定语从句译法非限制性定语从句译法1.Division1.Division分译法分译法分译法分译法 1)Translating into Compound Sentences by Repeating the Antecedents 例：例：This is a college of science and technology,the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists.这这是是一一所所科科技技大大学学，该该校校学学生生将将被被培培养养成成工程师或科学工作者。工程师或科学工作者。2)Translating into Compound Sentences by 2)Translating into Compound Sentences by Omitting the Antecedents Omitting the Antecedents 例例1：After dinner,the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。一直谈到深夜。例例2：This type of meter is called a multimeter,which is used to measure electricity.这种仪表称为万用表，这种仪表称为万用表，用来测量电流。用来测量电流。2.Combination2.Combinationn The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.整天躲在云层里的太阳整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面，现在又光芒四射地露面 了。了。nHe liked his sister,who was warm and pleasant.but he did not like his brother,who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢他喜欢热情洋溢的妹妹热情洋溢的妹妹，而不喜欢，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥冷漠高傲的哥哥。3)Translating into Independent Sentences 3)Translating into Independent Sentences nOne time there was a violent thunderstorm，the worst I had ever seen,which obscured my objective.有有一一次次是是暴暴风风骤骤雨雨，猛猛烈烈的的程程度度实实为为我我平平生生所所仅仅见见。这这场场暴风雨遮住了我的目标。暴风雨遮住了我的目标。nNevertheless the problem was solved successfully,which showed that the computations were accurate.不过，问题还是圆满地解决了。不过，问题还是圆满地解决了。这说明计算很准确。这说明计算很准确。Translation of Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials 兼有状语功能的定语从句兼有状语功能的定语从句 英英语语定定语语从从句句尤尤其其是是非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句有有时时兼兼有有状状语语从从句句的的职职能能，可可以以表表示示时时间间、条条件件、原原因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。因、让步、目的、结果等等关系。在在翻翻译译的的时时候候，应应尽尽量量从从英英语语句句子子的的意意义义上上发发现现这这些些逻逻辑辑上上的的关关系系,然然后后翻翻译译成成汉汉语语中中相相对对应应的的逻逻辑辑关系来。关系来。1 1.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of CauseTranslating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause nWe know that a cat,whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes.can see clearly in the night.我我们们知知道道,由由于于猫猫的的眼眼睛睛比比我我们们人人的的眼眼睛睛能能吸吸收收更更多多的光线的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚，所以猫在黑夜也能看得很清楚，nYou must grasp the concept of work“which is very important in physics.你必须掌握你必须掌握“功功”的概念，的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要因为它在物理学中很重要。2.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result2.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of ResultnThere was something original,independent,and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.这这个个方方案案富富于于创创造造性性，独独具具一一格格，很很有有魄魄力力，因此他们都很喜欢，因此他们都很喜欢，n Copper,which is used so widely for carrying electricity,offers very little resistance.铜的电阻很小，铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力所以广泛地用来传输电力。3.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of 3.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of ConcessionConcessionnHe insisted on building another house,which he had no use for.他坚持要再造一幢房子，他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要尽管他并无此需要。nThe scientist,who was dog-tired,went on with the experiment.那位科学家那位科学家虽己筋疲力尽虽己筋疲力尽，但还是继续进行实验。，但还是继续进行实验。4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of 4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of ConditionConditionnMen become desperate for work,any work，which will help them to keep alive their families.人人们们拼拼命命想想得得到到工工作作，不不管管什什么么工工作作，只只要要能能维维持持一家人的生活就行。一家人的生活就行。nA body that contains only atoms with the same general properties is called an element.物质物质如果包含的原子性质都相同如果包含的原子性质都相同，则称之为元素。，则称之为元素。5.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of 5.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Purpose Purpose nThey have built up a new college here,where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists.他们在这里建了一所学院，他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养科技人才以培养科技人才。n Ill try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical terms,which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.我我要要设设法法弄弄一一本本有有插插图图的的技技术术名名词词词词典典，以以便便把把科科学学文文献献译译得更准确。得更准确。E-C TranslationE-C Translation 1.The claim should have been filed against the sellers who failed to deliver the goods of the specifications as stipulated in the contract.(译成原因状语从句)2.In any event or accident that may result in loss or damage,the insured should give the insurance companys agent an immediate notice applying for survey.3.They are going to cover their requirements in a third country,where the prices are more competitive than those offered by you.4.Any dispute that may arise shall be settled amicably through negotiation without resorting to law.5.The seller must provide at his own expense the packing,which is necessary to enable the buyer to take delivery of the goods.Thank You!