英语语言学-重音Stress.ppt

Stressreferstorelativeemphasisorprominence（突出）giventoasyllable（音节）inaword,ortoawordinaphraseorsentenceStress：1、wordstress2、sentencestressTwokindsofstress：ThelocationofstressinEnglishdistinguishesmeaning.Forexample,ashiftofstressmaychangethepartofspeechofawordfromanountoaverbalthoughitsspellingremainsunchanged.如:contract,abstract,permit这三个词的重音都放在第一个音节时，它们都是名词，含义为合同，摘要，许可证。如果将他们的重音移动到第二个音节上时，则变成动词，含义分别是定合同，提取，允许。WordstressuThenounandtheverb:Thenounhasthestressonthefirstsyllable(音节).Theverbhasthestressonthesecondsyllable.Forexample:import(n.)-import(v.)increase(n.)-increase(v.)uAcompoundnounandaphrase由两个或两个以上的单词构成，能表达一个新意思的词叫复合词。如：good-hearted(好心的),baby-sit(临时照料小孩)等。1.复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上。如：handbag2.复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：ill-treat/illtri:t/虐待。3.复合形容词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：green-eyed/gri:naid/嫉妒的;4.反身代词的重音通常在第一个音节上。如：myself/maiself/我自己;uThecombinationsofingformsandnouns复合词的重音总是在第一个构成成分上,而次重音在第二个构成成分上。这一点可以帮助我们用来区分两种-ing的形式,一种是作为名词前修饰语的-ing形式,另一种是作为复合词的前一部分。如runningdog重音在running上,表示“走狗”这一-ing形式+名词的复合词。如重音在dog上,则表示running用来修饰dog,意为“还在跑的狗”。Sentencestressreferstotherelativeforcegiventothecomponentsofasentence.ItcanhelpyoutounderstandspokenEnglish,evenrapidspokenEnglish.SentencestressNounMainverbAdjectiveAdverbsNumerals（数词）Demonstrativepronouns（指示代词）NormallystressedinanEnglishsentence：Anelephant isananimal.Hershirtisblueandwhite.Johnisnine.Mysecondbrotherisadoctor.Marylovesherdolls.speaksEnglishslowlyandcarefully.ExamplesArticles（冠词）Personpronouns（人称代词）Auxiliaryverbs（助动词）Prepositions（介词）Conjunctions（连词）UsuallynotstressedTogivespecialemphasistoasentencethatisusuallyunstressedcanbestressed.语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象，根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(plainstatementoffact)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(Butwedidntseeher.)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(ButwedidnthearJohn.)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(ButwedidnthearMarytalking.)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(ButwedidnthearMarysingingdownstairs.)WeheardMarysingingupstairs.(Nottheyheard.)ExampleThank you