阅读理解推理判断型做题技巧.ppt

阅读理解推理判断阅读理解推理判断阅读理解推理判断阅读理解推理判断型做题技巧型做题技巧型做题技巧型做题技巧阅读理解推理判断型做题技巧阅读理解推理判断型做题技巧推理判断题占整个阅读理解的推理判断题占整个阅读理解的40%左右，要求我们从已知的左右，要求我们从已知的事件中去推测未知事件，对原文没有提及的情况进行推理想事件中去推测未知事件，对原文没有提及的情况进行推理想象，从而得出文章的结论、作者的观点倾向、文章的论调和象，从而得出文章的结论、作者的观点倾向、文章的论调和写作思想等。写作思想等。注意事项：注意事项：1、吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示。、吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示。2、注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词的含蓄含义。、注意作者遣词造句的特点，弄清词的含蓄含义。3、时刻提醒自己作者想让我们推断什么，要忠于原文，不可、时刻提醒自己作者想让我们推断什么，要忠于原文，不可臆断，凭空想象。臆断，凭空想象。4、利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行推理，挖掘作者在文章、利用文章中明确表示的内容，进行推理，挖掘作者在文章中的隐含意义。中的隐含意义。题目设计形式一般有：题目设计形式一般有：1.We can infer/assume from this passage/paragraph_.2.The story suggests/implies that .3.The writer of this passage intends to .4.The writers purpose of writing the passage is to .5.The passage is probably taken from a .6.The writer of the passage considers it .7.Which of the following best describes the character of .8.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?9.The writers attitude toward is .推理判断试题常用词汇：推理判断试题常用词汇：Infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate,appear.此类试题的提问中可能会出现情态动词：此类试题的提问中可能会出现情态动词：can,could,would,might或副词或副词probably,most likely。典例（陕西卷）典例（陕西卷）In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years.Sadly,not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless.The reasons for homelessness are various,but poverty(贫穷贫穷)is undoubtedly one of the main causes.The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.Often,the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening,but not always.探析探析1：细节推断题：细节推断题要求根据语篇关系抓住关键信息词，推断具体细节，如时要求根据语篇关系抓住关键信息词，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。Some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人愤世嫉俗的人)declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead.But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway,under a bridge or in a cardboard box?Q:It can be inferred from the text that .A.you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of livingB.the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless peopleC.the unemployed who receive help may still be among the homelessD.the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboard boxC细节推断题类型细节推断题类型2：True or False类型类型典例：典例：Before the widespread use of computers,managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a companys activities.Today,managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.The information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results,find out problems,and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.Q:All of following statements are true EXCEPT that .A.computer is a great help for business managementB.With the help of computers,company managers are now more informed of whats going on in their companies.C.computerized information enables managers to take timely measures to prevent possible mistakesD.computer science graduates are quick to learn business subjects because of their professional knowledge about computersD探析探析2：态度观点判断题：态度观点判断题 主要考察作者的态度、观点，此问题有一定难度。推主要考察作者的态度、观点，此问题有一定难度。推断过程中须注意文章作者的措辞。断过程中须注意文章作者的措辞。常见的问及态度的词语有常见的问及态度的词语有:Apositive(肯定的肯定的),negative(否定的否定的),neutral(中立的中立的),app-roval,disapproval,indifferent,sarcastic(讽刺的讽刺的),critical(批评的批评的),optimistic(乐观的乐观的),pessimistic(悲观的悲观的),objec-tive(客观的客观的),subjective,doubtful.典例2：Why isnt you newspaper reporting any good news?All I Read about is murder,bribery(行贿)and death.Frankly,Im sick of all the bad news.Q:This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to .A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform探析探析3：写作意图题：写作意图题 有些文章写作目的比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类有些文章写作目的比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类题应关注主题句。有些让读者去体会，这种情况多出现在记题应关注主题句。有些让读者去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议文章中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表自叙文或夹叙夹议文章中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表自己的看法。因此议论部分蕴含的作者的写作意图。己的看法。因此议论部分蕴含的作者的写作意图。典例典例3（2007年全国卷年全国卷B篇）篇）If all the students in a class tried out for basketball,some would be very good players;others would be very poor;and many would be in between.But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way,and with plenty of practice.It is the same with reading.Q:With the example of basketball players,the author shows .A.why certain people are poor readers.B.that there are differences in peoples abilitiesC.why some people are good basketball playersD.That good basketball players can be good readersB典例典例4（2007年全国卷年全国卷E篇）篇）Today about 70 countries use Daylight Saving Time(DST).Daylight Saving was first introduced during World War I in Australia.During the world wars,DST was used for the late summers beginning January 1917 and 1942,and the full summers beginning September 1942 and 1943.The differences in daylight saving in Australia continue to cause serious problems in transport and many other social activities.It also reduces the number of hours in the working day that are common to all centers in the country.In particular,time differences along the east coast cause major difficulties,especially for the broadcasters of national radio and television.探析探析4：深层推理题：深层推理题做此类题不能仅仅透彻的理解一句话，而且要注意它与整篇做此类题不能仅仅透彻的理解一句话，而且要注意它与整篇的联系，以及上下文之间的关系。的联系，以及上下文之间的关系。Q:What do we know about the use of DST from the last paragraph?A.There exist some undesirable effects.B.It helps little to save energy.C.It brings about longer working days.D.Radio and TV programs become different.A.There exist some undesirable effects.典例典例5：Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age;today only two exist.The wood bison is the larger of the two,and is now found mostly in western Canada.Better known in the United States is the Plains bison,or buffalo.At one time,herds of these animals could be sighted almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West.Q:The author implies that several types of bison .A.live outside the United States and Canada.B.are well adapted to swampy terrain C.existed before the Ice Age D.have been killed or have died out探析探析5：逻辑结论题：逻辑结论题 严格根据文中陈述的事实、论点和论据材料进行严格根据文中陈述的事实、论点和论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。此类题多出现在说明推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。此类题多出现在说明文和议论文中文和议论文中.D探析探析6：文章的题材或出处：文章的题材或出处 此类题目主要针对文体内容较为复杂的文章，做题时此类题目主要针对文体内容较为复杂的文章，做题时注意文章的整体特点或主体内容。注意文章的整体特点或主体内容。典例典例6：2007重庆卷重庆卷B Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your childs vacation.Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album(usually 300-500 pictures)of their stay at camp.Our camp are offered during June,July and August 2007,for small groups of girls aged 13-16 years,not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.Q:The passage is written mainly for .A.Horse riders B.teenage girlsC.Canadian parents D.international travelersC探析探析7：预测推断题：预测推断题 要求根据语境对可能出现的结局或下段可能涉及的内要求根据语境对可能出现的结局或下段可能涉及的内容进行预测、推理。容进行预测、推理。此类题目应把握作者的写作思想，做出科学的预测。此类题目应把握作者的写作思想，做出科学的预测。典例典例7：Completing a college application can take some time.But answering all the questions is not enough.Another important step is taking admissions tests.The SAT is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take.Another one is the ACT.Colleges and universities may also require international students to take the TOEFL(the Test of English as a Foreign Language).If you have a general question for our Foreign Student Series,write to .Q:What will the author most probably talk about next?A.SAT.B.ACT.C.FSS.D.TOEFL.()D小结小结:推理判断类型题并非无章可循推理判断类型题并非无章可循,而是有一定而是有一定的规律的规律.关键是按照作者陈述的观点和描述的事关键是按照作者陈述的观点和描述的事实实,进行正确合乎逻辑地推论和引申进行正确合乎逻辑地推论和引申.做到做到”有有理有据理有据”,从而得出符合原文信息或提示的答案从而得出符合原文信息或提示的答案.