外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳.pdf
*外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态1.一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually通常,often 常常,every,每,sometimes有时，always 总是,”等词。(2)基本结构:主语 I/You/We/They/He/She/It肯定句：主语+动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式否定句：主语+dont+动词原形或者 doesnt+动原一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do,?Yes,I do.No,I don t.Does,(动词原形),?Yes,he/she does.No,he/she doesn特殊疑问句What do,?How does she,(动词原形),?(3)动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)1 一般情况+s如:walk-walks2.辅音字母+y结尾 去 y+ies fly-flies3.结尾是 s,x，sh,ch+es watch-watches4.结尾是 0+es do-does,go-goes5.特殊 have-has2现在进行时(1)表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now 现在,look看，linsen听”.(2)基本形式:be+动词-ingeg:I am(not)doing my homework.You/We/They are(not)reading.He/She/It is(not)eating.*t.*What are you doing?Is he reading?(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)一般情况+ing walkwalking结尾是不发音的e-e+ing comecoming 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ingswim-swimming run-running3.一般过去时(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last,上一个,just nowmany years ago 许多年前，yesterday昨天”等词。(2)be动词的过去式:am/is was are were(3)过去式基本结构肯定句：主语+动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句：主语+d idn t+动词原形I didn t go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did,+动词原形,?Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did,+动词原形,?What did you do last night?(4)动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:(1)一般动词+ed planted,watered,climbed(2)以不发音的 e 结尾+d likedtied(3)辅音字母加 y 结尾-y+ied studystudied,cry-cried*,刚才*(4)重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个字母+edplan planned stopstopped不规则动词的变化:原形 过去式 原形 过去式原形过去式am/is wasare werego wentdo did find found buy boughteat ate feel felt drink drankteach taughttake took read readgive gavehave had putputsing sang drive drove meet metcut cut begin began makemadelet let ring rang write wrotesee sawrun ran ride rodecome came draw drew sit sattell told learn learnt get gotcarry carriedstudy studied6.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与Sunday 等时间状语连用。结构:be going to+动词原形或 will+动词原形例如:I m going to visit my grandpa next week.*tomorrow,next*二、人称代词主格 I we youhe she it they宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词my our your his her its their名词性物主代词 mineours yours hishers its theris(注:介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。)三、可数名词的复数形式1.一般名词:+s bookbooksstoriesglasses;a watch-watches2.辅音字母加 y 结尾:-y+ies story3.以 s,x，sh,ch，结尾:+es glass以 o 结尾:1)有生命的+es potato-potatoes2)无生命的+s photo-photoes4.以 f 或 fe 结尾:-f5.特殊的名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread,rice,water,juice五、缩略形式，milk，tea，coffee或 fe 变为 ves knifeknives;shelf-shelves*I m=I am you re=you are shehe has(got)itdidn t=did nots=it is whos=she is hes=he ishasnt=t=is nots=who is cant=can not isnwerent=were notwasnt=was not letI ll=I will六、a.an.the的用法s=let us7.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book,a peach，a“U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg，an hour，an“F”8.the 要注意的:球类前面不加 the，play football乐器前面要加 the，play the piano序数词前面要加 the,the second七、介词1.表示方位:on,in,in front of,between,next to,near,beside,at,behind.，under2.表示时间:(1)at:几点前面用 at 如:at six oclock,没有 day 的节日前用 at 如:at，at nightChristmas,固定词组 at the weekends(2)on:用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时)on Sunday 在星期天 on Sunday morning在星期天的上午 on March 8在 3 月8 日;带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如:on National Day(3)in:早晨，中午，晚上前用 in:inthe morning，in the afternoon，in theevening，月份前用 in，如in December;季节前用 in，如 winter;年份前用 in，如 in 1999八、基数词变成序数词的方法*9.直接在基数词词尾加上th。如:seventh 第七，tenth第十，thirteenth十三，2.以 y 结尾的基数词，变y 为 i，再加上 eth。如:twentieth3.不规则的。如:first第八，ninth第九，twelfth第一,second 第二，third第十二。twenty-first第三，fifth第第二十。第五，eighth4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如第二十一。九、some/any 的用法1.肯定句中用 some:I have some toys in my bedroom.2.问句和否定句中用 any:Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.询问想要什么时用 some:Would you like some juice?Can I have some stamps?十、there be结构1.肯定句(有,):There is+单数或不可数名词There are+复数注:遵循就近原则，看靠there be最近的2.一般疑问句(有,吗,):Is there,?Yes,there is./No,there isnAre there,?Yes,there are./No,there arent.3.否定句(没有):There isnt,.There arent,.4.there be句型与 have(has)的区别:there be表示在某地有某物人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句Sit down please.Dontopen the door,please.Lets go to the park.*t.(或*(注:祈使句中动词用原形)十二、(情态)动词can,may,must,should,will10.I/He/She/They can sing.May I come in?I must go now.11.You should be quiet in the library.3.You十四、特殊疑问句5.What什么(问什么事,什么物或什么工作等)What are you doing,Im reading.ll be good friends.后面直接用动词原形。What did you do yesterday?I played basketball.What are you going to do?IWhat is that?Its a book.m going to do homework.What does he/she do?Shes a nurse.What timeis it?It6.What colours seven.问颜色s red.What colour is your coat?It7.when 什么时候When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday?It8.Which 哪一个Which is your watch,the yellow one or the white one?The yellow is mine.s on the 21st of December.*12.Who 谁Who is the man with a big nose?He13.Whose 谁的Whose bag is it?It14.Where 哪里Where is my pen?It15.Why 为什么Why do you like summer?16.How many 多少How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.17.How old 几岁How old is the young man?He18.How much 多少钱How much is the toy bear?Its elevenyuan.？）s nineteen.Because,s under the book.s his bag.s my uncle.19.How 怎么样（How long/big/tallHow do you go to school everyday?I go to school by car.How long is the river?Its 10 miles long.十五.已经学过的动词say runjumphelplearnwashcomehelptakesinggivetakesingfallknowlostlivereadlistentalkdancewantclimbvisitflyhavegoeatfindrideseedrawmakebuygetanswercookphonetelltravelcarrylike*swimpassplayskipwatchflyopenputmeetwaitsendneedtakewearcatchusefeelsmell shoutworkputtakegetbringspeaksit downstand upfind outturnrightturnleftgostraightgotoschool公司档案管理制度1、为加强本公司档案工作，充分发挥档案作用，全面提高档案管理水平，有效地保护及利用档案，为公司发展服务，特制定本制度。2、公司档案，是指公司从事经营、管理以及其他各项活动直接形成的对公司有保存价值的各种文字、图表、声像等不同形式的历史记录。公司档案分为受控档案和非受控档案。3、公文承办部门或承办人员应保证经办文件的系统完整(公文上的各种附件一律不准抽存)。结案后及时归档。工作变动或因故离职时应将经办的文件材料向接办人员交接清楚，不得擅自带走或销毁。1、公司指定专人负责文件材料的管理。2、文件材料的收集由各部门或经办人员负责整理，交总经理审阅后归档。31、重要的会议材料，包括会议的通知、报告、决议、总结、典型发言、会议记录等。2、本公司对外的正式发文与有关单位来往的文书。34、本公司与有关单位签订的合同、协议书等文件材料。56、本公司的大事记及反映本公司重要活动的剪报、照片、录音、录像等。四、归档要求12、归档的文件材料种数、份数以及每份文件的页数均应齐全完整。3、在归档的文件材料中，应将每份文件的正件与附件、印件与定稿、请示与批复、转发文件与原件，分别立在一起，不得分开，文电应合一归档。45、档案文件材料应区别不同情况进行排列，密不可分的文件材料应依序排列在一起，即批复在前，请示在后；正件在前，附件在后；印件在前，定稿在后；其它文件材料依其形成规律或应保持文件6、案卷封面，应逐项按规定用钢笔书写，字迹要工整、五、档案管理人员职责档案的完整与安全。1、公司档案只有公司内部人员可以借阅，借阅者都要填写借阅单，报主管人员批准后，方可借阅，其中非受控文档的借阅要由部门经理签字批准，受控文档的借阅要由总经理签字批准。2、档案借阅的最长期限为两周；对借出档案，档案管理人员要定期催还，发现损坏、丢失或逾期未还，应写出书面报告，报总经理处理。1、按照有关规定做好文件材料的收集、整理、分类、归档等工作。2、按照归档范围、要求，将文件材料按时归档。3、工作人员应当遵纪守法、忠于职守，努力维护公司走在路上，挫折是难免的，低潮是必然的，孤独与寂寞是如影随形的;总有被人误解的时候，总有寄人篱下的时候，总有遭人诽谤与暗算的时候。这些时候，要知道潮涨潮落、波谷波峰的道理，只要你能够耐心等待，受得了折磨，守得住底线，一切都会证明，生活不会抛弃你，命运不会舍弃你。*
