七选五解题技巧和方法.ppt

七选五七选五任务型阅读解题技巧 Gap-filling Gap-filling Gap-filling 七选五七选五任务型阅读解题技巧 Gap-filling 高考英语专题复习高考英语专题复习:在一篇约在一篇约300300词的短文中词的短文中留出留出5 5个空白个空白，要求考生从所，要求考生从所给的给的7 7个选项个选项(均为完整的句子均为完整的句子)中选出最佳选项，使补中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。试卷中题干表述如下：足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。试卷中题干表述如下：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。主要考查考生主要考查考生对文章的整体内容对文章的整体内容和和篇章结构篇章结构以及以及上下上下文逻辑意义文逻辑意义的理解和掌握的理解和掌握。（考试说明）（考试说明）命题形式体现了命题形式体现了新课标新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读的阅读学习和教学理念。学习和教学理念。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）过渡性句子（文章结构）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）题型简析七选五解题技巧七选五解题技巧细节类题型解题技巧篇章结构类的解题技巧解题技巧方法方法n 看文章结构看文章结构n 找关键词找关键词n 找逻辑关系找逻辑关系n 排除法排除法Step 1 Structure 文章结构文章结构Be an inventor The biggest secret about inventing is that anybody can do it!Perhaps this sounds crazy,but its true.Maybe you have the wrong idea about inventing,so read on to discover the truth.大标题大标题大标题大标题大标题大标题短小精悍，大写短小精悍，大写1小标题小标题短小精悍，结构一致短小精悍，结构一致 Be on time When meeting someone for.Introduce yourself and ask for names Make sure you properly.Smile!Its the easiest way to let someone know that youre nice!Be fun!Listen!小标题小标题小标题小标题2 Smile!Its the easiest way to let someone know that youre nice!Be fun!Listen!_ Ask people who take classes with your questions about what they study today.A.Change!B.Ask a question!C.Class work is a great icebreaker.D.Say“hello”and see what happens.E.And dont just talk about yourself all the time.F.Even the shyest person can manage a little smile.G.We all prefer spending time with people who make us feel happy.B 2 Be fun!_ Think about the people you most enjoy being withusually they are always on the up and up.Being fun makes people happy and brightens the way they think of you.It makes you seem like you truly love life and you can deal with any problems that you have to face.A.Change!B.Ask a question!C.Classwork is a great icebreaker.D.Say“hello”and see what happens.E.And dont just talk about yourself all the time.F.Even the shyest person can manage a little smile.G.We all prefer spending time with people who make us feel happy.G段首段首段首段首概括文段，与概括文段，与概括文段，与概括文段，与小标题相呼应。小标题相呼应。小标题相呼应。小标题相呼应。3 How fast can a home remodeling(改造改造)project be completed?_ At least,thats the time requirement of the popular TV show called Trading Spaces.A.About 48 hours.B.Wow!Thats great!C.But you didnt see that on the show.D.They loved redecorating their neighbors place.E.It sometimes takes several months to remodel a home.F.But one couple in Portland,Oregon,hated their new room.G.The people who appear on the show are actors and they enjoy the experience.4A段中段中承上启下承上启下 They work a lot more.Almost every extremely successful person works more hours than the average persona lot more.They have long lists of things they want to get done._A.They avoid the crowds.B.They are never too proud.C.Decide where you want to end up.D.So they have to put in lots of time.E.Keep in mind selling isnt controlling.F.Successful people dont try to win just one race.G.But youll work a lot harder if there is no other choice.5D段尾段尾段尾段尾总结，总结，总结，总结，承上启下承上启下承上启下承上启下小结一小结一 Structure 文章结文章结 构构 n 大标题大标题n 小标题小标题n 段首段首n 段中段中n 段尾段尾15432文章结构类的解题技巧文章结构类的解题技巧1.标题型标题型 短小精悍短小精悍（多为（多为名词性短语、祈使句名词性短语、祈使句）2.首句型首句型1)首段首句首段首句 文章主题，首尾呼应文章主题，首尾呼应2)中间段首句中间段首句 总结下文总结下文 本段主题本段主题 靠上下文承接做题靠上下文承接做题3)末段首句末段首句 文章主题，首尾呼应文章主题，首尾呼应3.衔接型 多为承上启下 过渡衔接的句子n1)1)如果如果问题在段首问题在段首 n 通常是段落主题句通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题2)2)如果如果问题在段尾问题在段尾 n 通常是通常是结论、概括性语句结论、概括性语句。注意在。注意在选项中查找选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如，如therefore,therefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a wordup,to conclude,in a word等词语等词语，选项中也可选项中也可发现前文的同义词句发现前文的同义词句。文章结构类的解题技巧3 3)如果挖空如果挖空位置在段中位置在段中 挖空位置如果在段中，挖空位置如果在段中，则则其所填句子含其所填句子含义应义应与前后句保持一致。因此，考生在与前后句保持一致。因此，考生在做做题时题时要学会瞻前要学会瞻前顾顾后，关注体后，关注体现现前后前后句句逻辑逻辑关系的关关系的关联词联词。细节类题型解题技巧细节类题型解题技巧Step 1 Key words关键词关键词1nBefore you shake hands with somebody,make sure that your hands are clean.The handshake should not be too strong or weak.Most people use their right hands,unless they have a reason to use the left._A.It could be a similar taste in clothes or a common hobby.B.Youll be in serious trouble if you leave them with a bad impression.C.However,dont have your left hand in your pockets because this appears impolite.C同词重复同词重复2A birthday surprise Nathan woke up early and raced into the kitchen.He saw his family preparing their breakfast just like every other day._ Where was his birthday cake?Did his family forget his special day?A.And there was nobody.B.Where were his birthday presents?C.All he saw was a not no the ground.B同构复现同构复现3-4Dont forget to wear a helmet(头盔头盔)Whether youre a beginner or an expert,youre going to fall,and sometimes youre going to fall hard.“I went down to one run that was pretty hard,”Nate,a skiing learner,says,“_3 ”You dont have to buy a lot of expensive and new gear(装备装备)Some skiers who owned nice winter jackets couldnt go on the trip.4 “I have a neighbor who let me borrow some of his gear.That was very helpful,”says 13-year-old Matt Rizer.A.Dont worry about falling.B.I felt like I was learning pretty quickly.C.I fell down and I was glad I was wearing a helmet.D.Dont think that you ski well enough not to wear a helmet.E.So they lent their clothes to other skiers.CE同畴词同畴词同构词同构词同构词同构词n fall fell（不同时态）（不同时态）n beauty beautifuln act action （不同词性）（不同词性）n n mate roommate n police policeman （相同词根）（相同词根）同畴词同畴词 （畴：范畴）n jacket(夹克)clothes(衣服)夹克是衣服中的一种。如：fruit：apple,orange,banana furniture(家具)：bed,table,armchair sports:running,swimming,jumping类别类别具体具体5nSometimes kids are glad to hear a“no”from their parents._A.There are two types of parents love.B.It seems a happy feeling to get out of parents control.近义词近义词B When we change our jobs or schools,it often leaves us without a friend._ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.A.Making new friends comes easy for some people.B.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.6A反义词反义词n Protect against UV rays(紫外线).Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is,its extremely important to wear sunglasses._1_n2014辽宁卷nA.Eat your greens.nB.Eye care should begin early in life.nC.They can properly protect your eyes.nD.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.nE.Parents usually dont care about their own eyesight.sunglassesTheyC代词代词小结三小结三 Key words 关键词关键词n同词重复同词重复n同构复现（相同句型结构，相同词不同同构复现（相同句型结构，相同词不同结构）结构）n同畴词同畴词n近义词近义词n反义词反义词n代词线索代词线索n Tip:就近原则就近原则Step 2 Logical relationship 逻辑关系逻辑关系n1._ However,the real movie capital is Mumbai(孟买市),in India.nA.Sometimes they even write the script by hand.nB.Most people think the capital of the movie is Hollywood,in the USA.B转折转折n2._ This is because some people have certain qualities,which others do not.nA.Some people succeed,while others may not.nB.As the famous saying goes,“No pains,no gains.”A因果因果n3._ In the other words,when you are in love with someone,you may refuse to see anything bad about that person.nA.Another proverb says“Love is blind.”nB.Proverbs are found in most cultures and are often very old.A解释解释n4.Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways._ Second,your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.nA.You must write your notes on separate paper.nB.First,the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember.B并列并列（顺序）（顺序）小结三小结三 Logical Relationship 逻辑关系逻辑关系n转折转折n因果因果n解释解释n并列（顺序）并列（顺序）常见的逻辑关系词常见的逻辑关系词并列并列：also,too,then,and,as well as,not onlybut also,first,second,firstly,next,for one thing,for another thing,eitheror,neithernor因果因果：for,because,because of,such,since,as,therefore,thus,accordingly,as a result,consequently,so转折转折：however,still,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate（无论如何）,in any case,on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,otherwise,but,while.解释解释：in fact,actually,for example,in other words,as a matter of fact,that is to say.递进递进：further,furthermore,more over,whats more,besides,in addition,not onlybut alsoStep 3 排除法排除法(市一模)Focus on what you love to do together.The gift you choose should tell a story Think about their interests and hobbies.The gift you choose should be something that is close to his or her heart _38_ You will want to strike the right balance between a gift that is popular but also unique to themA.Check out what is hot.B.Stay within your budget.C.So,can you find them as a gift that is memorable and yet practical enough to be used daily?排除法与其排除法与其他方法相结合他方法相结合ALets try!n A garden thats just right for you(2016.全国卷全国卷2)nHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts?36 .But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.n 37 nSome people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).38 .However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.nRecall(回忆)your childhood memoriesFEAnOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad,but thats not whats important.39 -how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.40 .Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.nA.Know why you gardennB.Find a good place for your own gardennC.Its our experience of the garden that mattersnD.Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersnE.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsnF.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,toonG.For each of those gardens,writer down the strongest memory you haveCGn考纲解读：考纲解读：主要考主要考查查考生考生对对文章的文章的整体内容整体内容和和结结构构以及以及上下文上下文逻辑逻辑意意义义的理解和掌握。的理解和掌握。n选项选项特点：特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过过渡性句子渡性句子（文章（文章结结构）注构）注释释性句子（上下文性句子（上下文逻辑逻辑意意义义）1.主旨概括主旨概括：文章的标题、段落小标题、段落主题句文章的标题、段落小标题、段落主题句n2.关键词关键词n(1)词汇复现词汇复现 原词、同源词、同义词、近义词、反义词原词、同源词、同义词、近义词、反义词 等复现等复现n(2)代冠词指代代冠词指代 it,they,this,that,these,then3.上下文逻辑意义上下文逻辑意义(logical coherence)n看连接词，问答，以及上下文解释说明等关系，也就是看连接词，问答，以及上下文解释说明等关系，也就是上下文上下文逻辑逻辑关系关系 4.排除法排除法 Summary解题步骤1.速读全文，找主题句速读全文，找主题句（标题预测）。（标题预测）。2.详读段落，明确各段主题句，找出各段关键详读段落，明确各段主题句，找出各段关键 词。词。3.定位选项：读空前空后句子，分析逻辑性，定位选项：读空前空后句子，分析逻辑性，注意衔接手段和衔接标志词。注意衔接手段和衔接标志词。4.灵活掌握答题顺序灵活掌握答题顺序(先易后难先易后难)。5.代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。代入答案，重点核查逻辑关系。Homework n专题能力升级套题专题能力升级套题n阅读七选五（一）阅读七选五（一）The end!