考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文c.docx

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析 详解附译文cIn recent years, railroads have been combining with each other f merging into supersystems , causing heightened concerns about monopoly .结构： In recent years ,railroads 主have been combining with 谓each other 宾, merging into supersystems , causing heightened concerns about monopoly单词：Merge vt.合并词组：Combine with 合并Merge into并入结合直译：很多事情可以去做。科学家能够进入中学课堂，以及展示他们自 己的研究译文：有很多事情可以做到，科学家可以利用中学课堂介绍他们的科研 活动3. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor , lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth .结构： They 主should be 谓quick to respond to letters to the editor 宾,lest animal rights misinformation 主go 谓 1 unchallenged 宾 1 and acquire 胃 2 a deceptive appearance of truth 宾 2.单词：editor n.编辑Deceptive a.骗人的直译：他们应该尽快给编辑回信，以防动物权利的误导信息毫无阻碍, 形成了一个骗人的假象 译文：他们应该尽快答复编辑的来信，以免有关动物权利的错误信息不 受质疑，从而获得一副真理的假象Research institutions could be opened to tours , to show that laboratory animals receive human care .结构： Research institutions 主could be opened 胃to tours 宾, 目的状语：to show宾语从句：that laboratory animals 主receive 谓human care 宾单词：Institution n.机构Laboratory n.实验室解析:.目的状语中有一个宾语从句.that引导宾语从句，做show的宾语直译：研究机构应该对游客开发，去展示实验室的动物得到了人类的关 怀照顾译文：研究机构也应该向游客开放，以表明实验室的动物受到了人道的 对待重点：目的状语中有一个宾语从句.that引导宾语从句，做show的宾语5. Finally f because the ultimate stakeholders are patients , the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper f who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research , but all who receive medical treatment . If good people do nothing f there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.结构： Finally, 原因状语从句:because the ultimate stakeholders 主are 系patients 表主句:the health research community 主 1 should actively recruit i胃 1 to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper 非限制性定语从句：，who 主has made 谓courageousstatements about the value of animal research 宾, but all 宾 1 定语从句:who 主receive 谓medical treatment . 条件状语从句：If good people 主do 谓nothing 宾,thereis a real possibility 同位语从句:that an uninformed citizenry 主will extinguish谓the precious embers of medical progress 宾单词：Stakeholder n.利益相关者股东Whereby 凭借Citizenry n.市民公民Extinguish vt.熄灭破灭Ember n.余烬灰烬词组:Not only . but不但而且解析： Because引导原因状语从句 主句中包含一个非限制性定语从句和一个定语从句 第一个who引导非限制定语从句，修饰Stephen Cooper，句子中做主语第二个who引导定语从句，修饰all ,句子中做主语.if引导条件状语从句.that引导同位语从句，说明possibility直译：最后，因为最终的受益者是病人，所以保健研究委员会应该积极 地招募它的事业支持者，不但要招募非常有名的人，比如SC,这个人 一直非常有勇气的宣扬动物研究的价值，而且还要包括所有接受过医 学治疗的人。如果好人什么都不做，那么不明所以的市民将会把医学发 展的珍贵火种熄灭掉 译文：最后，因为最有发言权的是病人，所以医学研究界不仅应该积极 争取像史蒂芬库柏这样用于陈述动物研究价值的知名人士来支持自己 的事业，还应争取所有接受过医疗的人的支持，如果好人再不采取行动, 不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医疗发展的宝贵火种 重点： Not only . but 不但.而且 Because引导原因状语从句 主句中包含一个非限制性定语从句和一个定语从句 第一个who引导非限制定语从句，修饰Stephen Cooper，句子中做主语 第二个who引导定语从句，修饰all ,句子中做主语 if引导条件状语从句that引导同位语从句,说明possibility,Concern about对表示担心使关心.直译：最近几年，铁路业一直在互相兼并，合并到超级系统里，这导致 了对垄断的高度担忧 译文：最近几年，铁路行业纷纷彼此合并，组成超级体系，导致人们高度关注垄断量占 Combine with 合并 Merge into并入结合 Concern about对表示担心使关心As recently as 1995 , the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles by rails .结构： As recently as 1995 ,the top four railroads 主accounted for 谓under 70 percent of the total ton-miles by rails 宾单词：Ton-mile n.吨里数词组:As recently as最近的不久前的Account for 占 直译：最近的1995年，前4家铁路企业占铁路总吨里数不足70% 译文：在不久前的1995年，4家主要铁路公司的运营量还不到全国铁路运营总量的70%Next year, after a series of mergers is completed Just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers .结构： Next year, after a series of mergers 主is completed 谓,just four railroads 主will control 谓well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers 宾单词：Merger n.合并freight n.货运货物词组：A series of 一连串一系列 解析:Moved非谓语动词作定语，修饰freight直译：明年，一连串的合并完成之后，仅仅四家铁路企业将会控制主要 铁路拥有者所有货运量的90%以上 译文：第二年，在一系列的合并完成之后，这4家铁路公司将占主要铁路公司货运总量的90%以上 重点：Moved非谓语动词作定语，修饰freightSupporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service .结构：Supporters of the new supersystems 主argue 谓 宾语从句：that these mergers 主will allow for 谓substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service 宾单词：Substantial a.大量的很大程度的coordinate vt协调搭配n.坐标a.协调的Ordinate n.纵坐标词组：Allow for考虑到有利于解析: that引导宾语从句，做argue的宾语直译：新铁路超级体系的支持者认为,这些合并将会有利于大量的降低 成本和提供更好的协调服务 译文：这种新型超级体系的支持者宣称，这些合并有利于大幅度降低成本，改善协调服务 重点:Allow for考虑到有利于that引导宾语从句，做argue的宾语2. Any threat of monopoly , they argue , is removed by fierce competition from trucks .But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances , such as coal , chemicals , and grain , trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.结构： Any threat of monopoly 主 插入语：，they argue , is removed 胃by fierce competition from trucks 宾. But many shippers 主complain 谓 宾语从句：that for heavy bulk commodities traveling longdistances , such as coal, chemicals , and grain 状,trucking 主 1 is M1 too costly 表 1 and the railroads ±2 therefore have 谓 2 them by the throat 宾 2单词：Truck n.货车货运Bulk n.大块 大部分 大批地Distance n.距离Coal n.煤Chemical ru化学药剂Grain n.谷物粮食 deliberately ad.故意的有意的词组：Fierce competition 激更"竞争解析： They argue是插入语截断了主语和谓语 that引导宾语从句，做complain的宾语 宾语从句中，两个句子并列 直译：他们认为，铁路业任何的垄断威胁都会在与货车运输的激烈竞争 中被消除。但是，很多托运人抱怨，对于那些进行长距离运输的重的和 体积大的货物来说，比如煤炭，化学药剂，和粮食，货车运输的成本非 常高，因此铁路企业将会拿住他们的软肋译文:他们认为，垄断的威胁可以通过来自公路运输的激烈竞争而消除。 但是许多托运商却抱怨说，像煤炭，化学制品和粮食这样的大宗货物通 过公路长途运输成本太高，而铁路公司因此而主宰一切重点： They argue是插入语截断了主语和谓语 that引导宾语从句，做complain的宾语 宾语从句中，两个句子并列To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments , as well as new treatments and vaccines , animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.结构： To those 定语从句:who 主are M unaware W 宾语从句：that animal research 主was needed if toproduce these treatments , as well as new treatments and vaccines z animal research 主seems 谓wasteful at best and cruel at worst 宾解析:who引导定语从句，修饰those ,句子中做主语定语从句中包含一个宾语从句，由that引导，做unaware的宾语直译：对于那些没有意识到动物研究对促进新的治疗方法和疫苗是必须 的人们来说，动物研究说好听点是浪费，说的难听点是残忍译文：对那些不了解，只能通过动物研究才能研制出这些治疗方案，才 能开发出新的治疗方案和新疫苗的人来说，动物研究说的好听点是浪费, 说的难听点是残忍重点： who引导定语从句，修饰those ,句子中做主语 定语从句中包含一个宾语从句，由that引导，做unaware的宾语Much can be done . Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research .结构： Much can be done . Scientists 主could "adopt” 谓middle school classes and present their own research 宾