英语语法同义词辨析详解that,which.docx

英语语法同义词辨析详解that, whichthat, whichthat和which两个词都可以作关系代词，引导从句, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语。但两词在用法上存在着 差异。-that多指物，有时也指人，而which只能指物, 两词指物时在用法上大致相同。例如：This is the irrigation system that (which) the peasants built last year.这就是农民去年修的灌溉 网。I've read the newspaper that (which) carries the important editorial.我已经看过登载那篇重要社论 的报纸。二、指物时，引导限定性定语从句用that或which , 引导非限定性定语从句只能用which。例如：Here is the book that (which) I told you about.这 是我告诉过你的那本书。Here is your book, which I have enjoyed very much.这是你的书，我很欣赏。三、that作介词宾语时，介词不放在that之前，只 能放在从句中原来的位置上，但which可以作介词的 宾语。例如：Can you lend me the book that you were talking about the other day ?你可以把你那天谈的那本书 借给我吗？Can you lend me the book about which you were talking the other day ?你可以把你那天谈的 那本书借给我吗？四、先行词被序数词、形容词最高级所修饰时，或者 先行词为 all、everything, nothing, something, anything, little 时,必须用 that,不能用 whicho 例如：That's all (that) I know.我知道的就是这些。(that 在这种句子中常省略掉)Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? 有什么事我可以在城里帮你办吗？The first thing （that） we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制定出一个计划。That is the best film that I have ever seen.那是我 所看过的电影中最好的一部。to, toward（s）-s to介词。意思是到（某处或某种程度），向（某 方向），至I（某时），比（对比关系），的（所属 关系）。例如：Water will freeze provided it is cooled to a low enough temperature.水如果冷却到足够低的温度 就会结冰。It is not very far to my home.离我家不是很远。We will change the date to Feb 28th.我们将把日 期改到二月二十八日。Your skill is superior to mine.你的技能比我更胜Ay A- 一寿。Have you got the key to the lock?你有这把锁的 钥匙吗？二、to作小品词，构成不定式（短语），在句中可作 主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语，作宾 语补足语时在有些动词后面to可以省略。例如：To act like that is childish.那样的扮相真幼稚。（主 语）I want to know the answer.我想知道答案。（宾语）What I like is to swim in the sea and then lie on the warm sand.我喜欢在海里游泳，然后躺在温暖 的沙滩上。（表语）The officer ordered them to fire.军官命令他们开 火。（宾补）Three Americans became the first persons ever to cross the Atlantic by balloon.三个美国人成了 首批乘气球横跨大西洋的人。（定语）He was lucky enough to win the prize.他真幸运, 获得了奖励。（状语）三、toward （ s ）介词。意思是向、朝（表示运动、 方向），对于（某人或事），靠近（某处），快到（时 间或年龄）。例如：The stranger came towards me.陌生人朝我走来。She had a motherly feeling towards the boy.她又寸 这孩子有一种慈母般的感情。The snow stopped toward morning.快至!早晨时 雪停了。They were best seats in the house , towards the centre of the third row,这些位子在房子里是最好 的，靠近中央的第三排。