巧解语法填空实用技巧与练习 讲义--2023届高三英语二轮复习.docx

巧解语法填空实用技巧与练习讲义本题型分两种情况：一种为有提示词，一种为无提示词。有提示词题型这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较 级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态(含主谓一致)以及动词的非谓语形式。 这类题同样需先判断设空处在句中的功能，其次再确定该用什么形式。(1)提示词是动词动词的变化是语法填空题考查的重点之一。提示词为动词时可能考查谓 语动词、非谓语动词或名词等。a.考查谓语动词时需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。如：Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been .解析:此处描述的是1863年伦敦地铁的情况，主语Steam engines是复数， 且是谓语动词use所表示动作的承受者，故填were used。b.考查非谓语动词时需考虑用动词-ing形式、过去分词还是不定式，同时 还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。如：例 1 My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center .解析：设空处作宾语，且表示多次重复发生的动作，故填introducing。【例2】 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.解析：workers与create之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表目的，故填to createoc.考查名词时需注意名词的数。如：Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best(perform) to this day.解析：由the Great Jason，s best可知设空处应填名词且意为“表演”， 再根据that show remains可知应用单数形式，故填performance。(2)提示词是形容词此时可能考查提示词的反义词、副词、比较等级或名词等。a.考查提示词的反义词时需根据文章逻辑判断。如：A person，s weight is private, and making comments about it is definitely considered (polite).解析：由private (私密的)可知，评论别人的体重被认为是不礼貌的，故 填 impolite。b.考查副词时，设空处修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。如：The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.解析：设空处修饰谓语动词，故填副词。fficially。c.考查比较等级时，应考虑用比较级还是最高级。如：If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识另U) those of (great) and less importance.解析:and连接并列成分，由and后的less可知应填great的比较级greater。 此处意为“识别较重要的和不太重要的”。d.考查名词时，需注意名词的数。如：In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to aair condition” a house without using electric equipment.解析：设空处意为“能力”，即不用电器就能调节室温的这一种能力，故填 ability。(3)提示词是副词此时可能考查比较等级或其反义形式。如：例 1 We've been describing New Zealand as a rock star in the sense that it has been doing (well) than almost all of the other developed world economies over the past couple of years.解析：由than可知此处需填比较级，且此处意为“做得更好”，故填well 的比较级bettero【例2】 He was well hidden, but at last he was (luckily) found.解析：由well hidden和but可知，此处意为“不幸地被发现了”，故填 unluckily。(4)提示词是名词此时可能考查名词的数或形容词。如：a.名词的数通常需要根据主语、谓语、定语等来判断。如：彳列 1 This trend . has had some unintended side(effect) such as overweight and heart disease 一 the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析：由some及overweight and heart disease可知，“这个趋势有一 些没有预料到的负作用"，故填effect的复数形式effects。【例2】 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible(crowd) on the roads above .解析：由形容词terrible和括号中的crowd可知，此处应填名词，意为“人 群”；作此义项讲时crowd是可数名词，再结合句意可知应填其复数形式crowds。b.形容词通常作定语或表语。如：As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured outexactly解析：设空处作定语修饰名词architects,故填natural (天生的)。无提示词题型这种形式考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、助动词、连词、关系词和固定结 构等。因为没有提示词，所以考生需要根据一些固定结构、短文大意、上下文 的逻辑关系及对一些长难句结构的分析来确定所填内容。(5)考查冠词主要考查冠词的基本用法及短语中的冠词。如：The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,other is with mum 一 she never suspects.解析：短语one.the other .意为“一个另一个”，符合题意，故填the。(6)考查介词主要考查介词的基本用法及短语中的介词。如：Drinking my iced coffee I ran my fingers along the streets the hotel to the opera hall.解析:此处意为“从到"，故填from。(7)考查助动词需要找出所缺成分并考虑时态。如:Then the driver stood up and asked, " anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”解析：由asked和问号可知引号中内容是个疑问句，同时分析句子结构可 知设空处需填助动词，再由句中的last stop可知句中的谓语应用一般过去时， 故填Dido(8)考查连词包括并列连词和从属连词。如：I made my way backstage just the great magician was putting on his top hat.解析：设空处引导状语从句，且此处意为“正当时”，故填as/when。(9)考查连接词包括连接代词和连接副词。如：It's amazing often people say “If I can help just one .”.解析：设空处引导主语从句，且修饰often,故填how。(10)考查关系词关键在于分析句子结构并找出先行词。如： the ring . was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词garden,且在从句中作地 点状语，故填where。(11)考查固定结构包括固定短语和句型。如：Pahlsson screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处考查so . . that .句型，意为“如此 以致于”。so修饰副词loudly。牛刀小试阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What can you do if shops don' t sell the clothes you want? How can you get the clothes you want if you don' t have much cash?Young 1. (create) people in the UK have always come up 2. ways to express their individuality through their clothes. “Printing your own T-shirt is 3.easiest and most common way to adapt clothes, “ John said. “You don' t have to make a T-shirt. You can buy a cheap T-shirt and add an image of your choice. ”Everyone 4. (know) students don' t have a lot of money.That doesn' t have to be a problem if you' ve got a bit of 5. (imagine) and a sewing machine. uOnce I found a pair of trousers 6. I liked but I couldn, t afford them. I bought some cloth of the same colour and copied the trousers, 7. (use) my mum' s sewing machine, “ Corinne said. "I went back to the shop wearing my homemade trousers 8. (see) if they were the same as the ones in the shop. And I thought they were much better!nBuying second-hand clothes is another fashion option for many young Brits to get individual styles. "I 9.(real) love changing second-hand clothes. I can make skirts shorter or longer. Sometimes I just change all the 10. (button) to give clothes a new look.By adapting these clothes you can be sure you will always have something original as well as cheap, “ said Helen.答案及解析：1. creativeo考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处修饰people,表示“有创 造力的“，故填creative。2. witho考查介词。come up with意为"想出”。3. the。考查定冠词。形容词最高级前常用定冠词the。4. knowso考查一般现在时。由语境可知，know所表示的动作是对一般情 况的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是Everyone,故填knows。5. imaginationo考查名词。设空处作of的宾语，表示“想象力”，故填 imagination6. that / whicho考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰a pair of trousers,且在从句中作liked的宾语，故填that / whicho7. usingo考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。I与use之间是逻辑上的主 谓关系，且use所表示的动作与谓语动词copied所表示的动作同时发生，故填 usingo8. to see0考查不定式作状语的用法。“我穿着自制的裤子回到商店” 的目的是“看看他们跟店里的是不是一样"，故填to see。9. reallyo考查副词。设空处修饰动词love,表示“非常”，故填really。10. buttonso考查名词复数。由前面的all可知，应用名词复数，故填buttonso