英语重点词汇without用法详解.docx

英语重点词汇without用法详解、基本用法.（表否定）没有，无，不需。如:The letter was posted without a stamp.那封信没贴邮票就 寄出去了。We got there without any trouble.我们到了那儿，一路上没 遇到任何麻烦。You 11 get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella.雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的。I suddenly realized I'd come out without any money. 我突 然意识到，一点儿钱也没带就出来了。1 .（用在no, not, never等否定副词之后，强调肯定）没有, 不，没有则不能，每必定。如：You can't get rich without taking risks. 人不冒险不富。The old man cannot walk without a stick4 那位老先生离开 手杖就走不了路。Don't go out without a coat: you 11 catch your death. 另 不穿外套出去，会得重感冒的。I never see this picture without thinking of him. 每次看 到这张照片，我都会想起他。2 .（与-ing形式连用）不，无，没。如：She entered the room without knocking.她没敲门就进了房 间。It goes without saying that health is above wealth. 健康 胜于财富这个道理是无需多说的。They had to stand for hours without changing position. 他 们得一动不动地站几个小时。It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking.你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。3 .（表条件）若无,若非。如:I don，t like to go to a country without knowing something of the language.我要是不懂得一点那个国家的语言，就不想 到那个国家去。Without water, we cannot live. 没有水，我们就活不了。Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼镜能看得清东西 吗？二、作表语的用法without引出的介词短语通常用作状语，但有时也可用作表语。 如：She is completely without shame.她恬不知耻。My investigations were without result. 我的调查毫无结果。The houses in this village are without water. 这个村子里 家家户户都没有自来水。We were without electricity for three hours but it's on again now.我们的电停了 3小时，现在又有了。三、后接复合宾语的用法without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下：1. without+宾语+副词r d be lost without you here.没有你在这儿，我会一筹莫展。r m very near-sighted without my glasses on. 我要是不戴 眼镜十分近视。2. without+宾语+介词短语We'd be better off without them as neighbors. 要是没有这 些邻居，我们就过得更愉快了。I don't like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡，里边不加糖我更喜欢。3. without+宾语+动名词Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 无 人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。They debated for hours without a decision being taken. 他 们争论了几个小时，也没作出决定。4. without+宾语+不定式Without anyone to help, how can we go on?没有人帮忙，我 们怎么能进行下去？It was boring to sit there without anything to do. 无所 事事地坐在那里太无聊了。5. without+宾语+过去分词Without another word exchanged, they started off. 没有再 交谈一句，他们就出发了。四、用于虚拟语气without有时可表示条件，引出虚拟语气，与but for大致同义。 如：Without But for appropriate software, a computer would be a mere box.如果没有恰当的软件，电脑只是一个空盒子罢 了。Without But for you, our project wouldn't have succeeded. 如果没有你的话，我们的计划就无法成功了。Life would be quieter without the telephone. 要是没有电 话，生活就会清静一些了。Without your advice I would have failed.假若没有你的劝 告，我想必已失败了。五、without A and B 与 without A or B两者基本同义，相当于without A and without B,即同时否定 A、B两者。如：We were cast away by the storm on an island without food or water.我们被风暴丢弃在小岛上，没有食物，也没有淡水。I found myself in a strange place without money or friends. 我发现自己身处在一个陌生的地方，既无钱财，又无朋友。We cannot survive for long without food and or water. 我 们没有食物和水就活不了多久。1. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.2. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims.3. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide.长难句解析：1 .主体句式：They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal结构分析：这是一个复合句，其成分比较复杂。offered by the watchdog to companies作为一个分词短语来修饰前面的deal, 而后面that引导的定语从句又修饰companieso句子译文:他们总共的罚金只有差不多一亿一千六百万，这是监 察部门对积极坦白反竞争行为公司的一种宽大处理。2 .主体句式： The National Consumer Council gave warning 结构分析：这是一个复合句，句子的宾语warning带着两个同 位语从句，以that引导；第一个同位语从句中，confidence in 后面是一个分词短语作介词的宾语。句子译文：全国消费者委员会警告说长此以往会损害消费者的信 心，人们也会逐渐怀疑委员会的声明。3 .主体句式：But then Sylvia Plath committed suicide.结构分析：这是一个同位语带有定语从句的复合句。whom和who 引导的两个定语从句修饰a young American poet,整体作为 Sylvia Plath的同位语。句子译文：但是在1963年，西尔维亚普拉斯自杀了，这个美 国年轻诗人与他第一次见面是在1956年的剑桥大学，而当年夏 天又成为了他妻子。附：经典写作佳句背诵：No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。