英语重点词汇with的复合结构用法详解.docx

英语重点词汇with的复合结构用法详解with的复合结构基本用法它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介 词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名 词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语或非 谓语动词充当一、with或without+名词/代词+形容词例句：1. I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。（伴随情况）2. With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it' 11 rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨（原因状语）二、with或without+名词/代词+副词例句：1, She left the room with all the lights on4她离开了房间，灯还亮着。（伴随情况）不同之物。1)You answered all the questions right except the last oneExcept for the last one, you answered all the questions right.除最后一个问题外，其它问题你都答对了。2) Usually, all these factors may be neglected except under extreme cases.通常，除了在极端的情况下所有这些因素都可以忽略。3) Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.除了一些拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。4) The street was rather dark except for a few dim lights.街道上除了有几盏昏暗的灯之外一片漆黑。5)With the exception of aluminum, shiny metals, suchas tin or copper, turninto black powders when ground fine.除了铝之外，闪光的金属如锡或铜磨细后变成黑色粉。6) The presence of elements other than iron will greatly affect the physicalproperties ofsteel.除铁以外的其它元素的存在将大大影响钢的物理性质。2. The boy stood there with his head down.这个男孩低头站在那儿。（伴随情况） 三、with或without+名词/代词+介词短语例句：1. He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.他走进黑暗的街道时手里拿着根棍子。（伴随情况）3. With the children at school, we can t take our vacation when we want to.由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。（原 因状语）四、with或without+名词/代词+非谓语动词1、with或without+名词/代词+动词不定式，此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。例句：L With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。（原因状语）With a lot of work to do, he wasn，t allowed to goout.因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。（原因状语）2、with +名词（或代词）+现在分词，此时，现在分词和 前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。例句：1. With prices going up so fast, we can t afford luxuries.由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语）With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情况）3、with+名词（或代词）+过去分词，此时，过去分词和 前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。例句：1. I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。（伴随情况）2. She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自彳亍车 被偷，她只好步行回家。（原因状语）五、with或without+名词/代词+补语例句：1. Possibly this person died without anyoneknowing where the coins were hidden.有可能，这个人死的时候还没有人知道那些钱币被藏在哪里。3. He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).他想他是否可以在没有人注意到他的情况下悄悄溜出演讲 大厅with the winter coming随着冬天的来临X with+不定式和十分词的区别：加不定式是指将要进行的动作,加分词是指主动或被动动 作.六、with +宾语(名词，代词)+名词例句：1. He died with his daughter a schoolgirl他在他女儿是个小学生的时候死了with的复合结构句法功能一、with复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况 该结 构常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。例句：1、With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。（原 因状语）2、The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。（伴随状语）3、The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。（方式状语）4、With spring coming on, trees turn green.春天到了，树变绿了。（时间状语）二、with复合结构可以作定语例句： Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it' sexactly like a rope.任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。三、like+名词/代词+补语例句：1、The old pinetree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance of the cave.这颗老松树依然耸立在那，像伞一样盖住了洞穴2、The noise sounded like a train going under my house.这声音听起来像是一列火车在我的屋子下面经过一样。with的复合结构经典例题The country life we. The differences between rural and urban areas are disappearing.A. were used to have changedused to changeB. used to changingwere used to has changed答案：1. Nearly half a million immigrants, many of them English 一speaking, in the country during the last quarter of the nineteenth century.A. have arrivedhad arrivedB. arrivedhave been arriving答案：c表“除之外的介词有：besidesapart from in addition toaside from on top of这组短语都可以表示“除以外”，指添加到整体之意。1) Leukemia persons can obtain identical marrow found on others body besidestheir relatives.白血病人除了从亲戚那里也能别身体上获得相同的骨髓。2) Apart from his astronomical work, Galileo made striking advance in opticalscience and was one of the founders of the experimental science.除了天文工作外，伽利略在光学也取得了令人瞩目的进成就, 他是实验科学创始人之一。3) In addition to the usual displays, U. S. museums also offer a great variety ofentertainment activities.除了通常的展出外，美国博物馆也提供各种各样的娱乐活动。4) Aside from property measures, the government has given greater assistance tothe poor, particularly those in the earthquake zones.除了保护财产措施外，政府已经给穷人特别震区的穷人予以 更大的援助。5) He consented to help us and on top of that he lent us many reference books.他答应帮助我们，除此之外他还借给我们许多参考书。exceptexcept forwith the exception ofother than这组短语也都可以表示“除以外”，except指从整体 中“减除”，通常位于句尾，位于句首时，则应用except for。except for用句尾则表示除外之物是与主语