03 阅读理解说明文20篇-2022-2023高一英语期末考试真题汇编（新高考专用）（解析版）.docx

专题03阅读说明文20篇经典基础题1.山东省枣庄市第八中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题The Chinese government ends its one-child policy （政策）and allows families to have three children. The policy is meant to balance population development, slop a falling birth rale （出生率）and strengthen the country's labor force （劳动力）.China, with the largest population in the world, started the one-child policy in 1980. But the government allowed only a small number of couples to have two children. For example, some families in （he countryside could have two children, if the first-born child is a girl. In 2016, the Chinese government gave other couples a chance to have two children if one of them was an only child. Because of aging of population, in 2021, it allowed families to have three children.To the newest policy, different families have different opinions. 4tToo many young people in the cities arc no longer interested in having two or three children,“ an official said. uPcopic in the countryside arc more interested/*At the end of 2021, China had a population of more than 1.4 billion people. A total of 900 million of them have jobs. But the labor market population will drop in 30 years. That is （o say, the country will be in great need of labor by the year 2050. With the three-child policy, an increase in births can solve this problem.Boys and girls, what do you think of the （hree-child policy? Do you want to have new-born brothers or sisters? 24. Why does the Chinese government end the one-child policy?A. Because China needs a larger population.B. Because a falling birth rate must be stopped.C. Because most families want to have a second or third child.D. Because there will be less old people.25 How long does China take from the one-child policy to the three-child policy?A. 20 years.B. 30 years.C. more than 40 years. D. more than 50years. How do most young people in the cities react （反应）to the thrcc-child policy?A. They strongly support （he policy.B. They don't think it is good.cases. In terms of time, that is equal to over 2 million 30-second television advertisements.To determine (he emotional (情绪的 )expression of the salesperson, we used two deep learning models: a face model and an emotion model. The face model discovers the presence or absence of a face in a frame of a video stream. The emotion model then determines the probability that a face is exhibiting any of the six basic human emotions: happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear or disgust. For example, smiling signals a high probability of happiness, while an off-Dulting expression usually points toward anger.We wanted to see the effect of emotions expressed at different times in the sales cases so we counted probabilities for each emotion for all 62 million frames in our database. Wc then combined these probabilities with other possible aspects that might drive sales such as price and product characteristics to judge the effect of emotion.We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople show more negative emotions such as anger and disgust the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople show high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise.A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smiling can be disgusting because i( lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller's happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer's expense.32. What docs Paragraph 1 tell about livestreaming sales?A. It increases the prices of products.B. It helps sellers save money on ad.C. It makes shopping convenient for buyers.D. It promotes better buyer-seller relationship.33. What does the underlined word “ofTputling” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A Uneasy.B.Unpleasant.C. Lively.D.Strange.34. How do customers feel about the seller's smiling?A. They feci respected.B.They feelsatisfied.C. They feel cheated.D.They feeltrusted.35. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?A. Livestreamers Sell Products SuccessfullyExpressions Influence Online Product SalesB. Emotions: Means of CommunicationSmiling: A Way to Increase Sales【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线主播卖货时，主播面部表情对销售情况的影响。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It usually lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, and someone promotes a product. Viewers can ihen readily buy il by jusi clicking on a link.（它通常持续5至l 10分钟，有人会宣传产品。观众只需 点击链接就可以轻松购买。）“可知，在线直播销小商品对消费者购物很方便。故选C项。33题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“For example, smiling signals a high probability of happiness（例如，微笑是幸福 的高概率信号）”和“expression usually points toward anger俵情通常指向愤怒）”可知，微笑意味着快乐的可能 性很大，而另一种表情则指向愤怒，且句中的while表对比，所以画线词和smiling相对应，意思为“令人不 愉快的"。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smiling can be disgusting because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in （he seller.（根据我们的研究，一个可能的解释是,微笑可能 令人厌恶，因为它缺乏真实的感情，会降低对卖家的信任）''可推知，顾客对销位者的微笑感觉是他们感觉被 骗了。故选C项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了在线主播卖货时，主播面部表情对销售情况的影响。所 以B选项“表情影响在线产品销售”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选B项。6.山东省威海市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题Some of the world's best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. This variety of the plant produces beans （hat are tastier than those from its poor cousin, Coffea canephora （known as robusta）, which often ends up in instant coffee （速容助川啡）.However, global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050.Some farmers are trying to adapt to warming by moving uphill. Yet this pushes them into areas long used for growing tea. Not only is there less space higher up; the move stresses how warming also threatens to harm the tea crop, which supports about 10% of Kenya's population. Warmer weather will push tea itself higher up area.Kenya's government-funded Coffee Research Institute is trying to find other ways of helping farmers adapt, such as encouraging them to plant trees to shade their coffee bushes, or to grow hardier （适应性更强）robusta plants. It is also trying to plant a hybrid, Arabusta, which would combine the hardiness of robusta with the flavour of arabica. Coffee snobs may turn up their noses at it, but they may have no other choices.However, such adaptations may bring social costs. Many smallholder farmers arc at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.Another option may be entirely new varieties. Researchers in London are studying a wild type of coffee, Coffea stenophylla. It is delicious and can also take the heat. But it produces lower harvest than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown. Without a breakthrough of some sort, caffeine addicts may face a future too unpleasant to imagine. 4if wc don't have the innovation （仓1J新）to respond to climate challenges,'' Vcm Long of World Coffee Research says, "we're just going to be drinking man-made cofUe.” 8. In what way is Coffea arabica better （han Coffea robusta?A. Flavor.B. Harvest.C. Hardiness.D. Sales.9. What docs the underlined refer to in Paragraph 3?A. Robusta.B. Arabica.C. Arabusta.D. Stenophylla.10. What might be the impact of the government's policy?A. Good money will be brought in.B. The areas of tea crop will be reduced.C. The cost of coffee-planting may drop.D. Smallholder coffee farmers may disappear. 11. What's the purpose of this text?A. rIb give suggestions to coffee farmers.B. To recommend new varieties of coffee.C. To introduce coffee industry under threat.D. To list possible solutions to climate changes.【答案】8.A9.C10. D 11.C【解析】【导语】这是篇说明文。主要介绍了面临威胁的咖啡产业以及人们正在想办法解决问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Some of the world's best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. This variety of the plant produces beans that are tastier than those from its poor cousin, Coffea canephora （known as robusta）, which often ends up in instant coffee.（肯尼亚山上种植着世界上最好的Co枇a。阳6c。这种植物生产的咖啡豆比它可 怜的表亲咖啡Coffea Ca仇phora （被称为robusta）的咖啡豆更美味，后者通常会制成速溶咖啡）”可知，Coffea arabica在风味上比Coffea robusta更好。故选A项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Il is also trying （o plant a hybrid, Arabusta, which would combine the hardiness of robusta with the flavour of arabica. Coffee snobs may turn up their noses at it, but they may have no other choices4它还试图种植一种杂交品种Arabusta,这种品种将robusta的耐寒性与arabica的风味相结合。对咖 啡自命高雅的人可能会对它嗤之以鼻，但他们可能别无选择）“可知，对咖啡自命高雅的人可能对杂交品种 嗤之以鼻，it指代的是A"血小心。故选C项。【1。题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段"Many smallholder farmers are at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.（许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险，因 为他们负担不起保护作物所需的资金）“可知，政府的政策可能会导致咖啡小农负担不起所需的资金，从该行 业消失。故选D项。II题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“However, global wanning may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050.（然而，到2050年，全球变暖可能使最适合种植arabica的总面积减少约 一半）“、第四段"Many smallholder farmers are at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.（许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险,因为他们负担 不起保护作物所需的资金）”以及最后一段"But it produces lower harvest than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown.（但它的收成比现有品种低，而且可能要过几年才能广泛种植）”可知，本文写作 的目的是介绍面临威胁的咖啡产业。故选C项。7.湖北省沙市中学2022-2023学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题When someone asks me what my goals arc for the coming year, I don't usually know how to reply. Of course I, as most people do, want to see an improvement in niy grades. This year, however, I'm hoping fbr something different.Through the course of my school life, I've gradually developed a new understanding of the word “prioritization （优先次序）The first thing I wish to get in Senior 1 is the ability to manage my time better. I'll surely become busier with the coming semestert and proper organization is important. From school clubs to academic competitions, everything should be set up in a way that doesn't influence my health, which leads me to my second goal.My mother has always told me put my health first, so in the future, I hope to both physically and mentally healthy. A person can't study without having the energy to do so. In order to stay energetic, they must put their health first, no matter how busy they are, or how much work they have to complete.And finally, I hope that I won't be discouraged by my failure and never give up on my dreams. I hope that I,ll have Ihe courage to try new activities and clubs. I believe my final goal can apply to every student around the world. We should all respect one another's likes and dislikes, and fbcus on each other's strengths, not our weaknesses. Everyone should try to take part in all of lifers opportunities.Albert Einstein once said uLife is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.'' In mycase, it's the other way around. In order to keep moving, I must keep my balancethe balance between studies and activities, efficiency and procrastination （拖延症），academics and health, passions and dislikes. The new journey is going to be a hard one, but if I establish these goals, I believe I will make it through to the end.4. During this school yean what does the author hopes to do?A. Focus on improving her overall grades.B. Join as many school clubs as possible.C. Learn how（o manage her time well.D. Spend more time on outdoor activities.5. According to the article, which of the following students should do?A. Always put their studies first.B. Not be afraid of failing.C. Only do what they're good at.D. Make different kinds of friends.6. What docs the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?A. A strong feeling of dislikeB. A strong feeling of loveC. A strong feeling of anger7. What does the author intend to do?C. A strong feeling of anger8. What does the author intend to do?D. A strong feeling of joyA. Show what she likes about high school life.9. Stress the importance of health to students.C. Show how to balance our studies and activities.D. Share her goals for the coming high school yea匚【答案】4.C5. B 6. B 7. D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文中作者分享了自己在新的一年里对于自己的生活学习的一个规划。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The first thing I wish to gel in Senior 1 is the ability to manage my time beller.（我希望 在高一得到的第一件事是更好地管理我的时间的能力）“可知，作者希望在新的一年里，提高自己管理时间的 能力，学会管理好自己的时间。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“And finally, 1 hope that I won't be discouraged by my failure and never give up on my dreams. I hope that Til have the courage to try new activities and clubs. I believe my final goal can apply to every student around the world.（最后，我希望我不会因为我的失败而气馁，永远不放弃我的梦想。我希望我将有勇 气尝试新的活动和俱乐部。我相信我的最终目标可以适用于世界上的每一个学生）“可知，作者最后一个希望 是自己不再惧怕失败，勇于尝试新事物，并且认为这适用于全世界每个学生。故选B。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“In order （o keep moving, I must keep my balancethe balance between studies and activities, efficiency and procrastination （拖延症），academics and health,"以及后文“and dislikes”可知,为了继续 前进，作者必须保持平衡在学习和活动、效率和拖延症状、学术和健康、激情和厌恶之间的平衡。故 画线词意思是“强烈的喜爱”。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“When someone asks me what my goals arc for the coming year, I don't usually know how to reply. Of course I, as most people do, want to see an improvement in my grades. This year, however, I'm hoping for something different.（当有人问我来年的目标是什么时，我通常不知道该如何回答。当然，和大多数 人一样，我也希望自己的成绩有所提高。然而，今年我希望能有一些不同的东西）“可知，作者要分享他在新 的一年里希望除了学习进步外，有一些不一样，后面全文详细介绍了他接下来的高中生活中的目标：提高 自己管理时间的能力；保持身心健康；不怕失败，尝试新的事情。故选D。8.河南省部分学校2022-2023学年高一上学期选调考试The State of California is depending on its forests to help cut down planet-warming CO2. But that climate-change strategy may be risky, as new research from the University of California, Irvine（UCI）reports that trees in California's mountains and open spaces are dying from wildfires and other pressures and fewer new trees are filling the blank.“The forests are not keeping up with these large fires,“ said study co-author James Randerson, the Ralph J. and Carol M. Cicerone Professor of Earth system science al UCL Acrossthe whole state, tree cover area has dropped 6.7% since 1985. “These are big changes in lessthan forty years,“ he said. It's the first time that researchers have been able to measure tree population fall in California, and find out the reasons（wildfires and woodcutting）.For the study, the UCI-lcd team used satellite data from the USGS and NASA's Landsat mission to study plant changes between 1985 and 2021. They found that one of the most obvious falls in tree cover was in southern California, where 14% of the tree population in local mountain had disappeared, maybe everlastingly.“The ability, of forests to recover（恢复）from lire appears to be dwindling in the south,“ said Jonathan Wang, a researcher in Randerson's research group, who led the study coming out in AGU Advances. 4lAt the same time, the state's coverage of bushes and grasses is rising, which could mean more everlasting ecosystem shifts（生态系统转 化）“The speed and scale of fall in tree cover is diflerent across the state. Tree cover in the Sierra Nevada, fbr example, stayed relatively unchanged until around 2010, then began dropping suddenly. Fortunately, in （he north, there's plenty