备考2023年高考二轮英语复习讲练专题05名词性从句.docx

专题05名同性从句备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练潇讲练目录命题解读二三四五六七解题关键备考热点 四大从句 连接词用法 名词性从句重点、易错点 真题练一练【命题解读】名词性从句在阅读理解和完形填空中对于的长难句理解有着至关重要的作用。语法填空和短 文改错中也常会考查其基本的用法。对长难句不能理清逻辑关系，容易造成此类试题的失分， 应高度重视。【解题关键】1 .连接词的选择与判断，其中what与that, if与whether是重点；2 .主从句的时态呼应。【备考热点】1 .主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2 .连接词用法细分3 .名词性从句的重点易错点2022高考视角】1. （2022 年全国高考新高考 II 卷语法填空）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 42 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of thetime, they agreed.2. （2022 年全国甲卷短文改错）The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me and hoped to mend our relations.3. （2022 年全国高考新高考 II 卷语法填空）He saved my son's （2019 年江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding itsway into the human body. life/1 said Mrs. Brown. nI don!t know 45 to thank him.”nI just didn't want the boy to be hurt/ said Henry.I '一Henry, can you go to the concert tonight?Pm afraid I cant I will give the ticket to wants to enjoy it. Since I was a child, I have wanted to be an author. That is I have studied Online-Journalism with fbcus on Online-Public Relations in the last three years. Passion is passion and it doesn't matter it's directed. Exactly, it can be coins orsports or politics. golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed. After investigation, the police found out one clue voices were heard calling fbrhelp from some very distant place that day. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious illnesssoon.答案： what whoever why/fbr which where That Dthat whether真题实战go.8. 2018 年北京）Without his support, we wouldn't be we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why9. （2018 年北京）This is my father has taught me一to always face difficulties andhope fbr the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what10. （2018 年天津）The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in thebicycle race.A. whomeverB. whereverC. whoeverD. whatever11 .（2018 年江苏）By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.A. whereB. whenC. whyD. how12 .（2017 年北京）Every year,makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whomever D. whichever13 .（2017 年北京）Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing shewas heading.A. whyB. whereC. howD. when14 .（2017 年江苏）We choose this hotel because the price fbr a night here is down to $20, half of it used to charge.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how15. （2017 年天津）She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.A. whenB. whereC. whetherD. what16 .（安徽皖优联盟 2022-2023 高三上学期联考）64 really sets Hua apart from anyaverage college student is her amazing learning ability.17 .（北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期考试）The city!s weather bureau advised residents to stay indoors as much as possible, while experts are working to find out18 the sandstorm came into being.19 .（2022届北京中国人民大学附属中学高三三模）It doesn't matter how skilled a designer is if they cannot build 12 they design. It is the common laborer and skilled tradesman thatdoes that, and when it needs repair or rebuilding, it is the skilled tradesman that does that. Sure, today's EV vehicles are great 13 the designer can't assemble them or fix them.20 .(湖南省株洲市第四中学2022-2023学年上学期阶段性测试)Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle 42 the stress that parent-child tensions create, and43 you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship.20. (2022 年河南新乡模拟语法填空)Her 1957 flight paved the way for space explanation when scientists wondered 33 it was lethal (致命的)for living things.【答案】1 .What 2.A3.B4.what5.B 6.that 7.where 8.C9.D 10.C ll.D 12,B13.B 14.C15.C16.what 17.how/why 18. what19. why 2O.whetherII.语篇填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1 .(山西省晋城市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第五次调研考试)Gu Ailing, 41 is bom to an American father and a Chinese mother , decided tocompete fbr China in the 2022 Winter Olympics in June52019.Since then, the magical girl 42(attract) many people's attention and has been expected to be the next super sports star in China.With the Winter Olympics 43(go) on, it turns out that Gu Ailing did live up to theexpectations and achieved good grades with two golds and one silver. At the same time, her44(academy) excellence is also known to the public.People say that Gu Ailing is 45 genius, but Gu says that talent accounted fbr “onlyone percenfof her wins, adding that her hard work is 46 really counts. While going toschool in San Francisco, Gu could only practice on weekdays. She spent eight hours going to the ski hill and back, doing her homework on the way and making full use of her time 47 (practice) skiing.When it comes to the reason 48 ski-loving, Gu says that skiing gives her freedomand 49(creative), especially when she 50(perfect) controls her body and doestricks that others can't do. Through telling her own stories, Gu hopes to encourage more Chinese girls to try skiing and other extreme sports.【答案】41 . who 42 . has attracted 43 . going 44 . academic 45 . a 46 . what 47 . to practice 48. fbr 49. creativity 50. Perfectly【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 2022年的冬奥会的中国运动员谷爱凌。42 .考查定语从句。句意：谷爱凌的父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。2019年6月，她决定代 表中国参加2022年冬奥会。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Gu Ailing,指人， 在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。43 .考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，这个神奇的女孩吸引了很多人的注意，并被期待成为 中国下一个超级体育明星。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语since then,可知句子的时态 为现在完成时，主语为the magical girl,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has attracted。44 .考查非谓语动词。句意：随着冬奥会的进行，谷爱凌果然不负众望，取得了不错的成绩, 获得了两金一银。分析句子的结构可知，“with+宾语+宾补”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动 词作宾语补足语，宾语the Winter Olympics和go on之间为主动关系，应用现在分词的形式。 故填going o45 .考查形容词。句意：与此同时，她的学术成就也为公众所知。设空处后为名词，设空处 应为形容词修饰名词。故填academic。46 .考查冠词。句意：人们说谷爱凌是天才，但谷爱凌说，才华只占她成功的1%,她的努 力才是最重要的。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，且genius发音以辅音音素开头，应用不 定冠词a修饰。故填a。47 . People say that Gu Ailing is 45 genius, but Gu says that talent accounted for “onlyone percentof her wins, adding that her hard work is 46 really counts. 考查连接词。 句意见上题解析。设空处引导表语从句且在句中作指物的主语，应用连接代词what引导。故 填 whato48 .考查非谓语动词。句意：她花了 8个小时往返滑雪山，在路上做作业，并充分利用她的 时间练习滑雪。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语use sth to do sth运用某物做某事，故设空 处应用动词不定式的形式。故填to practiceo49 .考查介词。句意：谈到热爱滑雪的原因时，谷爱凌说滑雪给了她自由和创造力。固定短 语the reason for.,的原因。故填for。50 .考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处和and前的名词freedom并列，应用名词的形式。 故填 creativityo51 .考查副词。句意：特别是当她能完美地控制自己的身体，并做出别人做不到的动作时。 设空处应为副词的形式，修饰空后的动词control o故填perfectly。52 （四川省成都石室中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考）I don't often lose things and fm especially careful with money, so I was quite surprised when I reached 61 my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought it was possible that I mighthave left it at home. Then I remembered 62(take) it out to pay fbr the taxi. I knew I had itwith me just before I walked into the restaurant. I wondered if it was possible that it might have slipped out of my pocket while I was eating dinner. Thinking about that possibility, I turned and walked back to the table 63 I had been sitting.64(fortune), there were several other people sitting at the table at the time. I couldn't help but 65(call) a waiter fbr help. I explained to him that my wallet 66(fall)out of my pocket while I was sitting at the table a few minutes 67(early). I had the waitergo over to the table to see if my wallet was on the floor. While the waiter was looking fbr it, the manager came up to me and asked me if anything was wrong. I told him what had happened. After hearing my 68(explain), he insisted that I 69(report) it to the police. I told himthat I didn't want to get the police included in it. Besides, I was in a hurry because I had70 appointment with my doctor in just a few minutes. I explained to him that my biggestworry at the moment was how I was going to pay the check. He told me not to worry about that. He had me write down my name and address. And he said he would send me the bill.【答案】61. fbr 62. taking#having taken 63. where 64. Unfortunately 65. call 66. fell#had fallen 67. earlier 68. explanation 69. shouldreport/report 70. An【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己丢失钱包的经历。【详解】1.考查介词。句意：我不经常丢东西，而且我对钱特别小心，所以当我伸手去拿钱 包的时候，我很惊讶钱包不在那里。短语：reach for.表示“伸手去摸”之意，此处指我 伸手去拿钱包，故填fbr。3 .考查非谓语。句意：这时我想起来把它拿出去付出租车费。remember doing/having done sth.表示“记起曾经做过某事(这件事已经做了)“，所以此处用taking/having taken ,故填 taking/having taken。4 .考查定语从句。句意：考虑到这种可能性，我转身走回我刚才坐的那张桌子。分析可知， 空后的内容在句中为定语从句，先行词为table,空处指代先行词，在从句中作地点状语，所 以用关系副词where,故填where。5 .考查副词。句意：不幸的是，当时还有几个人坐在桌旁。空处在句中为状语，所以用副词; 根据句中“there were several other people sitting at the table at the time”,可知,此处意味着发 生了不好的事情，副词unfortunately位于句首，意为“非常不幸地”，故填Unfortunately。6 .考查固定结构。句意:我只能叫了服务员来帮忙。固定结构：can help but do.意为“不 得不做3所以空处用动词原形call,故填call。7 .考查时态。句意：我向他解释说，几分钟前我坐在桌边时，钱包从口袋里掉了出来。陈述 过去的事实，应用一般过去时；或者看一看作描述过去之前发生的事，用过去完成时。故填 fell/had fallen o8 .考查比较级。句意同上。结合句意，此处指在作者解释原因的几分钟之前，a few minutes earlier表示“(在当时的)几分钟前”。故填earlier。9 .考查名词。句意：我告诉他发生了什么事。听了我的解释后，他坚持要我报警。由空格前 的my可知，此处用explain的名词形式。故填explanationo10 考查虚拟语气。句意同上。insist表“建议”时其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词 用 should do, should 可以省略。故填(should) report。11 .考查冠词。句意：另外，我很着急，因为几分钟后我就要去看医生了。短语：have/make an appointment with sb.”与某人有约"，appointment的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。4. （2022年北京卷语法填空） It's easy to explain how we determinesmells aredangerous or not: we learn.【答案】1 .whether或if2. what 一 how3.how4. whether宾语从句：在句中充当宾语的从句主语从句：在句中充当主语的从句分类表语从句在句中充当表语的从句同位语从句：在句中充当某一名词的同位语在表语从句、同位语从句中不可省略衽语从句中位于句首时不可省略名词性从句一般可省略在宾语从句中并列两个宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的that不可各略介词的宾语一般不用that在表语从句、同位语从句中，Rfflwhether在主语从句中，从句位于句首时只用whetherwhether/if与or not连用时，只用whether在宾语从句中作介词的宾语时，只用whether特殊疑问词作连词，注意语序要用陈述句语序as if/as though/because引导表语从句考点一名词性从句的不同类型名词性从句是具有名词功能的分句，包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1.主语从句位置：谓语动词之前That you are coming to Shanghai is the best news I have heard this long time.这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来上海。典例剖析2021 全国新高考 I 卷，语法填空，56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-ofthis-world scenes.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：关于这次经历，令人十分惊叹的地方在于那非凡的景 色。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“的地方”，应 用what引导该从句。故填whatoHWhat matters most in learning English is enough practice.学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。 When they will come hasn't been made public.他们来的时间没有公布。 It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。2 .宾语从句位置：及物动词之后或介词之后 We must find out who did all this.我们必须查明谁做了这个。 Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外，是个很不错的男孩。ni find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。3 .表语从句位置：系动词之后The reason is that he missed the early bus.原因是他错过了早班车。 That is where the problem lies.那就是问题所在。I As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.众所周知，中国再也不是从前的样子了。One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like stores and restaurants.她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便地进入像商店和饭店这样的地方。4 .同位语从句结构：，名词+连接词+从句主语+从句谓语+其他。位置：常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, doubt 等之后。 They made an official request that the meeting be postphoned.他们已经正式请求将会议推迟。 The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。 Where did you get the idea that I couldn't come.你在哪儿听说我不能来？名师点睛I同位语从句与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽 象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。同 位语从句常放在feeling, news, doubt, problem, promise, idea等名词后，而定语从 句不受此限制。对比：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.（同位语从句；that 从句是对news内容的具体解释说明；that不作成分）他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。The news （that） you told me yesterday was really thrilling.（定语从句；that 从句对 news 进行 修饰限定；that在从句中作宾语，故可省略）你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人激动。限时练单句填空 （毫无疑问）our team has won the game. Can you tell me（我如何能）get to the airport? This is（我们的问题所在）. The news （我们 队赢得冠军）encouraged us all greatly.答案： There is no doubt that Dhow I can where our problems lie Dthat our team had won the championship考点二名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much 等，根据其在从句中的功能可 分为三类：1.从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)0通常情况下，which是在语境中有选择范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)oWhat was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what 在从句中作 主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。 I will give the book to whoever needs it.(宾语从句，whoever 在从句中作主语) 我要把这本书给真正需要的人。典例剖析(2022年全高考新高考 II 卷语法填空)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 42 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, theyagreed.【答案】whether或if【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程 进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if，是否"符合语境， 故填 whether 或 if。2 .从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用when, where, why, how, how many/much等带有语义的连接词。 Some students even have no idea why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(同位语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作原因状语)一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。 She always thinks of how she can work well.(宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。3 .从句中既不缺少成分，又语义完整，则用连接词that。LHe gave us a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class.（同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。考点三名词性从句的重点、易错点【易错点】1. that与what的误用(l)(x) That caused the accident is still a complete mystery.4 4) What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.名师点睛主语从句缺少主语，语意为“什么"，故用what引导主语从句，并作从句的 主语。句意：什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。(2)(x) Before the sales start, I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.(d) Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.【名师点睛】宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语，且在句中意为“的事物(东西)”，故用 what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。造成以上错误主要是因为对that和what的语法 功能区别不清。其区别如下：【解题关键】that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而 what引导名词性从句时，在从句中要充当一定的句子成分。试比较：It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.很遗憾他犯了这样一个错误。I will do what I can （此处省略 do） to help him.我将尽力帮他。1 .that不可省略的情况(l)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed. 他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。that引导表语从句或同位语从句时，一般不可省略。 The truth is that I didn't go there.事实是我没有去那里。The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(4)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他的that不可省略。I I believe (that) you've done your best and that things will get better.我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好起来的。(5)当it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。I He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。(6)当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时, that通常不可省略。 He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her.信不信由你，他宣布他绝不会原谅她。【易错点】2. that与whether的误