概要写作练习2则讲义--2023届高三英语二轮复习.docx
概要写作练习2则Why is Pixar so brilliant at death?There comes a time in the life of a writer, director and, perhaps, a company when the days shorten, the shadows lengthen and contemplating the inevitable must begin. The guy in the cloak with the retro （，怀旧的）lawn equipment can't be ignored any longer. Death.In Pixar's latest film, Soul, mortality （必死性） springs itself with supreme bad timing on protagonist Joe Gardner, a New York jazz-man about to play the concert of his life when he falls down a manho Ie （窖 井口）Death, has always lurked in Pixar/s filmography.（影片 目录） The driving motor of the Toy Story films is Woody's fear that he may become extra as his owners grow older. In toy terms ,this is death.Dealing with death in recent films, Pixar has preferred to hew close to JM Barrie's "awfully big adventure" line （遵照某种标准）,with Coco and Soul making death just another big playground for kids to explore.Pixar understands this theme so well because the birth of the company itself signified a moment of pop-culture elimination. Toy Story is suffused with （充满 了）nostalgia, for the era of wholesome postwar entertainment that the likes of Woody and Bo-Peep represent.Consumers expect far more these days, and Hollywoods/s digital CGI （computer generated images） wizards can conjure up （变魔术般 地呈现）anything to "cure" death. Maybe depicting that great intangible is the one remaining frontier for its entertainment arm to conquer.And Covid-19 could just be the 21st-century7 s amuse-starter for even greater environmental catastrophe. Pixar's articles of faith are strong in the face of such darkness.皮克斯为什么死的时候那么聪明？作家、导演，或许还有一家公司，一生中总会有一段时间，白天 变短，阴影变长，思考不可避免的事情必须开始。穿着复古斗篷的 家伙（怀旧的）草坪设备再也不能被忽视了。死在皮克斯的最新电影 灵魂，死亡中（必死性）主人公乔加德纳（JoeGardner）正准 备演奏他一生中的音乐会，他从沙井上摔了下来，这让他感到非常 糟糕（窖井口）死亡，一直潜伏在皮克斯的电影记录中。（影片目录） 玩具总动员电影的驱动电机是伍迪担心，随着主人的年龄增长， 他可能会变得多余。就玩具而言，这就是死亡。在最近的电影中，皮克斯处理死亡问题时，更倾向于接近JM巴 里的“大冒险系歹U（遵照某种标准），可可和灵魂让死亡成为孩子们 探索的另一个大游乐场。皮克斯非常理解这一主题，因为该公司的诞生本身就意味着一个 流行文化被淘汰的时刻。玩具总动员充斥着（充满了）怀旧，对 于伍迪和波皮普所代表的战后健康娱乐时代的怀旧。如今，消费者的期望值要高得多，好莱坞的数字CGI （计算机生 成图像）向导可以变戏法（变魔术般地呈现）任何可以“治愈死亡的 东西。也许，描绘这一伟大的无形世界是其娱乐部门尚待征服的一 个领域。而新冠肺炎可能只是21世纪更大环境灾难的导火索。面对这样的 黑暗，皮克斯的信仰条款非常坚定。参考范文Death, a part of life, is frequently involved in Pixar's films, including its latest film Soul and other works like Toy Story, where death is a playground for kids/ exploration. Pixar, whose birth ended pop-culture, expresses its attachment to the past deeply, and tries to portray death skillfully and digitally with its strong faith especially in dark moments.(60 Words)Why people forget that less is often moreA paper published in Nature suggests that humans struggle with subtractive thinking. The research was motivated by everyday observation rather than psychological theory, says Gabrielle Adams, the paper's first author, who cites folk wisdom such as “less is more" and keep it simple.”Along with colleagues at the University of Virginia, Dr. Adams conducted a series of observational studies. In one, participants were asked to alter a pattern on a grid of colored squares to make it symmetrical. Although that could be done equally well by adding new squares or by deleting existing ones, 78% chose the additive option. Other tasks gave similar results. Asked to alter an essay they had written, 16% cut words while 80% added them.Nor was this tendency confined to the lab. Of 827 suggestions received by the new boss of an American university for how the institution could be improved, 581 involved adding new things, such as more grants for studying abroad. Just 70 suggested removing something, such as preferentiaI admissions for children to alumni.What all this amounts to is evidence for a new entry in the list of ''cognitive biases" that skew (出现偏差) how humans think. The 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for demonstrating that humans are not "rational" in the way economists had used the word. Instead of thinking a problem through and coming up with an ideal solution, they tend to use cognitive shortcuts that are fast and -mostly- "good enough".Such research has inspired an entire field dedicated to working out when such shortcuts lead people astray. Dr. Adams and her colleagues, meanwhile, are keen to probe their result in more detail. One question is whether the preference for addition is innate or learned.为什么人们总忘记“少即是多？ 发表在自然杂志上的一篇论文指出，人类在与减法思维作斗争。 该论文的第一作者加布里埃尔？亚当斯(GabrielleAdams )说，这项 研究的动机是日常观察，而不是心理学理论。亚当斯引用了民间智 慧，如少即是多，并保持简单。亚当斯博士与弗吉尼亚大学的同事一起进行了一系列观察性研究。 在其中一个实验中，参与者被要求改变彩色正方形网格上的图案， 使其对称。虽然通过添加新的正方形或删除现有的正方形也可以很 好地做到这一点，但78%的人选择了加法选项。其他任务给出了类 似的结果。当被要求修改他们写的一篇文章时，16%的人删减了单 词，80%的人增加了单词。这一趋势也不仅仅局限于一所美国大学的新任校长提出的827条 建议，其中581条建议涉及增加新事物，例如增加留学补助金。只 有70人建议取消一些东西，比如校友优先录取孩子。所有这些都证明了在"认知偏见列表中有一个新条目(出现偏差) 人类如何思考。2002年诺贝尔经济科学纪念奖的颁发是因为它证明 了人类并不像经济学家所用的那样“理性他们倾向于使用快速且 大多数情况下“足够好的认知捷径，而不是彻底思考问题并想出理 想的解决方案。这项研究启发了整个领域，致力于找出这些捷径何时会将人们引入 歧途。与此同时，亚当斯博士和她的同事们热衷于更详细地研究他 们的结果。一个问题是，对加法的偏好是天生的还是后天习得的。参考范文A paper in Nature shows people prefer addition based on observational studies, whose results are in line with daily happenings beyond labs. People tend to add while cutting serves equally good purposes. The findings, as evidences of people's new cognitive biases, lead to a new branch to explore the root reason of people's preference for addition.(60 Words)
