高中英语高考语法定语从句讲与练.docx

高中英语高考语法定语从句讲与练在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。A.先行词+连词(关系代词)+陈述句who【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom【先行词为人。宾语。】that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】【上面所说的主语或者宾语是指连接词在定语从句中的成份。连接词作宾语时可省去。】The man lives on the 78,h floor.The man is a millionaire.- The man that/wh。lives on ihc 78mjs a millionaire.He is going to marry Mary.He does not love Mary at all.- He is going to marry Mary (who/that/whom)he dovs noi love al at.The trees will be cut down next Thursday. The trees were planted 20 years ago.- The trees that/which were planted 20 years a?o will be cut down next Thursday.The cellphone is still in good order.My aunt bought the cellphone in 2016.- The cellphone (that/which) my auni bouehi in 2016 is still in good order.1 )The farmers planted some trees that/which didn'i need much water.2)Hc who will nol learn when he is young will regret it when he is old.3)He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.4)He that climbs hiqh falls heavily.5)He will tell you eveiything that he heard about the governor.B.地方 + where(状语)+ 陈述句where = at/on/in which时间 + when(状语)+ 陈述句(when = at/on/in which【如连接词在定语从句中作主语或者宾语，那么连接词就只能用that/which They will fly to Washington.They plan to stay in Washington for two or three days.They will fly to Washington, where they plan lo slay forwo or three days.They will fly to Washington.Washington lies in the northeast of the USA.-They will fly to Washington that/which lies inhe norhcas【of ihc USA. Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off from ihe outside world.My father was born in 1931.The Anti-J叩anese War broke out in 1931.-My father was born in 1931which) ihc Anii-Japanese War broke out.We will never forget the years. We worked together in the countryside in those years.(状语)-*Wc will never forget the years when (in which) wc worked logcihcr in ihe countryside.We will never forget the years. We spent the years together in the countryside.(宾语)-*Wc will never forget the years that/which wc spcni logclhcr in ihc countryside. By 16:30, which was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. In the years that followed, they built seven schools and two hospitals in Africa.1 )Oclober 1, 1949 is the day wheo(on which) ihe People's Republic of China was founded.2)1 still remember the day when (on which) she joined the air force.3)The days are gone when physical sirength was more imDoriani ihan knowledge.4)There was a Time when manv r>e()r)le came lo ihe islandor treasure.5)1 won't forget the days when wc worked logcihcr and the days that/which we spent logcthcr.where引导定语从句，前面不加介词，from where是例外：We will have a rest under the tree, from where we can have a wonderful view of the city below.C.先行词(物/人)+ whose +名词.whose:某人的/某物的Do you know the student?His/Her father works at the People's Bank.f Do you know the student whose father works al ihe People's Bank?The school shop is closed for the holidays. The school shop's customers are mainly students.The school shop, whose customers are mainly siudents, is closed for the holidays.l)The villagers rushed over to help ihe man whose car had broken down.2)The boss donated 3 million dollars to the chidren whose parents died in the 2008 earthquake.3)Last year I bought an ancient Chinese vase whose price is very reasonable. 1 )1 decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before. 2)Our English teacher, with whose help wc have made greal progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching.(with one's help)3)The people, in whose village【aught 38 years ago, are living a good life, (in one's village) 4)On May 12,2008. an earthquake struck/hit some areas in West China, from whose effects iheDeoDle there are still suffering.(suffer from)D.先行词(人)+介词+ whom +陈述句先行词(物)+介词+ which +陈述句108. We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that109. Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what110. She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC.asD. that111. Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when定语从句参考答案:120:21-40:41-60:6180:81100:ABBDCACDDABABACDDABBDA DBAABACDCCDDADCCBCCAACDBADDDDADCCAACBCCDDBADBCCDDDDACBDBCDBABCCDCCABDD BDCBCACB101111: DABCB ACCBA常这样用的介词有：of (的)in on at about with without for to after aboveI )The animal that/which the scientists are interested in is the tiger. The animal in which the scientists are interested is the tiger.2)The expert(that/who/whom)my faiher is talking with is from Europe. The expert with whom my father is talking is from Europe.3)Mr. Black is the person (that/who/whom) I should write to at once. )Mr. Black is the person to whom I should write at once.4)In the street there is nobody (who/whom) I can turn to for help. In the street there is nobody to whom I can turn fbr help.5)She was educated at the local high school, after which she went on to Yale University.6)Luckily, we'd brought a road map without which we would have lost our way.7)We still remember the day on which (when) he joined the army.8)That is the city in which (where) he was born 53 years ago.E.名词/数词/ some/many/most/all/both/none/neither/each/few/any/several/ either/half + of which/whom.-of which/whom + 名词/数词/ some/many/most/all/both/none.I )Last week, two people came to look at the house, both of whom wanted to buy it.2)She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had met before.3)1 have 9 friends, one of whom is a soldier.4)1 have 9 friends, two/some/all 4f whom are soldiers.5)The man has 2 sons, the older of whom is a general.6)Thc factory makes 100 ships every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.7)1 have 9 dictionaries, one of which is very expensive.8)1 have 9 dictionaries, two/some/all of which are expensive.9)China has a lot of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.I0)Thc house, the wall。which was destroyed in the quake, has been repaired.The house, whose wall was destroyed in the quake, has been repaired.II )She has a big clock, the hands(针)of which arc made of gold. She has a big clock, whose hands are made of gold.F.复杂介词+关系代词(which, whom, whose)常用复杂介词：as a result of, because of, at the back of, in front of,in the middle of, at the bottom of, on the top of, at the foot of.1 )There is a great pain in my right foot, because of which I can only walk like this.2)They arrived a( a farmhouse, in front of which sal an old man.3)At last we reached the mountain, on the top of which stands a TV (ower.4)At last we reached the mountain, at the foot of which are lots of villas(别墅).5)This morning 1 saw a man in the street, on the head of whom stood a monkey.G.介词+ which +名词：during which time(在那段时间期间)at which time(在那个时间)in which case(假如/如果那样的话)which:关系限定词，可译为：这，那】1 )Mark was a student at this university from 2013 to 2017, during which time he studied ven7 hard.(定语从句) Mark was a student at this university from 2013 to 2017. During that time he studied very hard. (不是定语从句)2)The man conies here al 6:00 pm. at which time we are usually having supper.3)Telephone me at 8:00 am, by which time【should have the information.4)The questions are on the universe, about which subject we know noihinq.5) He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.H. which代主句或主句的一部分所引导的定语从句：I )Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which made all the others upset.2)Kate has made great progress, which shocks her mom.3)Thcy'vc won their last three matches, which I find a bit suiprising.4)Betty always tells lies, which we find strange.5)Moin (reals inc just like a baby, which I cannot bear. (否定句)as代主句或主句的一部分所引导的定语从句： 定语从句在句首时；定语从句是被动结构时；定语从句含有“正如，像，如像”等意义时； 关系代词用asoas we/l know:正如我们俄所知as is known to all/us:众所周知as we/l/anyone can see:正如我们/我/任何人能看到的as has been said before:像以前所说as is the case:情况就是这样as the saying goes:常言道；俗话说；谚语说；正如谚语/俗话所说as often happens:经常发生as is mentioned above:正如上面提至ij的1 )As is said, your aunt has gone abroad.2)As has been mentioned above. the bridge was buili in 1600.3)As we know, British English is a little different from American English.4)“You can't judge a book by its cover/' as th old saying ooes(说).6)As is the case, we have worked out the production plan.7)As is often the case with children. Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.8) The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in the past one year.J.限制性和非限制性定语从句：前者与主句关系密切，无从句,句意不完整。后者与主句关系不是很密切，从句和主句间常有一逗号。非限制性定语从句的连接词不能是thato 非限制性定语从句的连接词通常不能省去。先行词（人），who/whom（宾语）先行词（人），who（主语）先行词（物），which（主语，宾语）先行词（时间），when（状语）先行词（地方），where（状语）先行词（人/物），whose（定语）先行词,介词+whom (人)/ which (物)I )Now. we have raised 50.000 pounds for the poor children,is quite unexpected.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. it2)Many countries are now setting up national parks,animals and plants can be protected.A. whenB. whichC. whoseD. where3)Hc made another wonderful discovery,of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. I think which it C. which I think it is D. I think which is4)We have sent up another man-made satellite,is announced in today's newspaper.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what5)Helping others is a habit,you can learn even at an early age.A. itB. thatC. whatD. one6)A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. asB. itC. whichD. this7)The Science Museum.we visited last month, is one of London's tourist attractions.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. where8) We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whenK.定语从句被省去主语和部分谓语：I )She had only $ 2 with which she could buv him a present. She had only $ 2 with which to buy him a present.2)The twenty workers have only two rooms in which ihey can live. The twenty workers have only two rooms in which to live.3)Frank's drcam was to have his own factory in which he could Droduce things with his own hands . Frank's dream was to have his own factorj, in which to produce ihinqs wilh his own hands .4) My dream is to have a large farm on which 1 can grow lots of trees .1 My dream is to have a large farm on which t。grow lois of apple irees .5)1 want to find a man here with whom I can have a talk.2 I want to find a man here with whom to have a talk.几种特殊的定语从句3 .先行词为 business, family, activity, race, job, work, position, stage, atmosphere, situation, case, stage, point(地点)等时，连接词在定语从句作状语 时，定语从句常用关系副词where引导。I )The woman works in a business where/”n which) everyone is busv all dav long.(business:职业,行业，企业，公司，商店)2）AII the neighbors admire this family whereHin which） the parents arc ireating their child like a friend.3）Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.（活动）4）Life is like a long race where wc compete wiih others io go beyond ourscNcs. （比赛）5）1 find teaching fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesling.6）The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.7）Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as importani as sales. （职务；职位）8）T（）day we have reached a stage where we have almost all the rights. （地点）9）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.4 .先行词为stay（停留：逗留），occasion（时机/时间），incident（事件），point（时间）等时， 连接词在定语从句作状语时，定语从句常用关系副词when引导。i）Shc'll never fbrget her stay there when she found her missing son.2）Occasions arc quite rare when I have ihc【imc io spend holidays wih my family.3）Maybc the disappearance of the dinosaur came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hi【ihc carlh and du loo much dusl inlo he air.4） Will there be a point/time when I can gel 20.000 dollars a monih?5）Today I will go on with the story at the point wherehe hero is about lo rescuehe girl.第5）和第6）两句point的意思是“地点”。第6）的point也可以看作时间。】6）We have come to a point （at which）/where/when we musi decide whai io do in ihe fuiure .3.定语从句常用that的情况：A.名词前有最高级，序数词。B. all, some, much, little, few, none, everything, anything, nothing, something 等指物时。C.先行词前有 all, every, some, any, no, little, much, few, one, the only/very/right/last/next 时。 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。D.先行词既有人又有物时。E. There be 物.thatThere be + A + who .F.复合句中有两个定语从句，前句已有which时，后句用that。G.主句是who, what, which开头的特殊问句时。I )He is the tallest man that I have ever seen in the world.2)The third foreign country that 1 expect to visit is Britain.3)Please tell the students something that you know about ihe Chinese Drcam.4)Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.5)Is there anything that you wani io do【oday?6)There is nothing that we can do for such a person.7)This is the only/very animal that lives in thir forest.8)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women that wears an evening dress.9)Mr. Brown is the only person in our school that/who will attend the meeting.IO)AII the farmers who/that are present at，he meeting will get some books about agriculture.11 )Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the Dcsition.12)rrhey will talk about the plants and the people that they saw in Tibet.13)In the pond there are lots of fishes that are eating something haDDily.14)There are about nine teachers in the office who are preparing lessons.15)My cousin will sell the house which was buih in 2010 that stands nn the Iod of the mounlain.16)Who is the guy that is standing al ihe gale?17)Which is the school that ihe workers buill lasl year?18)Who that break the window should be punished.先行词是 someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, everyone/everybody, nobody, all, one, ones等指人时，关系代词用that, who, whom(宾语)都可以。1)1 will tell the good news to everyone that/who will go sightseeing next week.2)Anyone (that/who/whom) you mentioned just now will be given two dollars.先行词为that指物时，定语从句用which;先行词为those指物时，定语从句用 which/that;先行词为those指人时，定语从句可以用who/that, who更常见：1)What was that which you saw in ihe sky lasl nigh?2)What are those which she wants to reread?3)You must find those that/which may auraci lop scieniists.4)Those who/that want o fly lo Taiwan must sign here after the party.5)God will punish those that/wh。have done bad deeds.4.几种固定结构的定语从句:先行词(way)+in which/that/不用连词先行词(manner)*in which先行词(means)*by which先行词(method)*b