上海市控江中学2022-2023高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

2022年控江中学高二上期中II. Grammar and VocabularySection A1. It is believed that skipping rope for 5 minutes can be a great drain our energy.A. inB. onC. atD. across【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：据说跳绳5分钟会极大消耗我们的精力。短语a great drain on表示“巨大消耗”。故选BoDuring the vacation, many parents take on the roles of driver as they drive their children from one lesson toA. anotherB. otherC. the othersD. others【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查不定代词。句意：在假期里，许多父母扮演司机的角色，载着孩子们从一节课去上另一节课。 固定搭配:from oneto another ”从一个到另一个”。故选A。2. his last album was, there are as yet no plans for any follow-ups.A. Successful asB. Although successfulC. Despite successD. Regardless of success【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。句意：尽管他的上一张专辑很成功，但目前还没有推出任何后续专辑的计划。despite 和regardless of分别是介词和介词短语，后面不能接句子，排除C项和D项；although引导让步状语从句时 不能倒装，排除B项；as引导让步状语从句时，可以将表语前置，形成部分倒装。故选A。4.my keys in my bag than they slipped out of my hand and fell to the ground.A. I had scarcely foundB. No sooner had I foundC. Hardly had I foundD. In no time had I found【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查倒装结构。句意：我刚在包里找到钥匙，它们就从我手里滑落到地上。表示“一就”， 可用固定句式 scarcely.when.、 hardly.when.或 no soonerthan,否定词 scarcely, hardly 和 no sooner 考查名词。句意：采访不到一分钟，很快就淹没在赞扬的浪潮中，受访者纷纷表示，他们对这位不仅深受 敬仰，而且在这个动荡和冲突的时代，他们把他视为一个传统和稳定的孤岛的人的去世感到非常悲伤。根 据后文“of someone”以及句意“去世”可知应填名词passing。故填passing。故选G。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：采访不到一分钟，很快就淹没在赞扬的浪潮中，受访者纷纷表示，他们对这位不仅深受 敬仰，而且在这个动荡和冲突的时代，他们把他视为一个传统和稳定的孤岛的人的去世感到非常悲伤。根 据上文udisruption andn以及句意“冲突”可知应填名词conflict,作宾语。故填conflict。故选H。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：美国国家公共电台、每日邮报、政客和微软全国广播公司的在线文章和直播分析也 批评女王对戴安娜王妃去世的处理不当，以及对安德鲁的保护处理。根据上文"included criticism of the queen for her”以及句意“处理不当”可知应填动名词mishandling,作宾语。故填mishandling。故选B。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：美国国家公共电台、每日邮报、政客和微软全国广播公司的在线文章和直播分析 也批评女王对戴安娜王妃去世的处理不当，以及对安德鲁的保护处理。根据后文“treatment of Andrew”以 及句意“保护”可知应填形容词protective,作定语。故填protective。故选C。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：在这个不断变化的世界里，她是永恒的存在，这是不可替代的。根据后文“presencein an ever-changing world, and that's irreplaceable v 以及句意“永恒”可知应填形容词 constant,作定语。故填 constanto 故选 I。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：当她21岁向世界各地的人民承诺自己的时候，她是认真的，并且坚持到底。根据后文uherself at the age of 21 to her people around the world以及句意"承诺"可知应填动词 commit,为一般过 去时。故填committed。故选J。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：她赢得了臣民的信任，并保持了 70年的信任。根据后文"she kept the trust for 70 years 以及句意“臣民”可知应填复数名词subjects,作宾语。故填subjects。故选E。IV. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public 41 to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to anygiven product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost 42 the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous 43. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievablypowerful market potential, moving from advertising fbr others, products to 44 their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a 45 new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and 46 a few TV actresses. Today they're started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top 47, The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with48 personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, 49 almost all the products of daily life.However, fbr every success story, there's a related 50 tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product's 51 is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the 52 attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to 53 a celebrity's shelflife, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. 54、the ego's （自我的）potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, successand failure always go hand in hand. Their success as 55 might last a lifetime, but fashion-like celebrity-hasalways been short-lived.41. A. tends42. A.abandoned43. A. films44. A. inventing45. A. dramatically46. A. taken by47. A. brands48. A. common49. A. promoting50. A. disappointing51. A. originB. returnsC. aimsD. meansB. delayedC. establishedD. assumedB. facesC. issuesD. storiesB. composingC. exploringD. developingB. completelyC. steadilyD. normallyB. set forC. limited toD. listed onB. trendsC. salesD. editionsB. specificC. potentialD. artificialB. extendingC engagingD. coveringB. warningC. greetingD. amazingB. organizationC. releaseD. intention52. A. continuousB. crazyC. initialD. sincere53. A. strikeB. isolateC. promoteD.reduce54. A. StillB. ThusC. MoreoverD.Indeed55. A. starsB. modelsC. designersD. advertisers【答案】41. A42. A43. B 44. D45. B 46. C 47. A48. B 49. D52. A. continuousB. crazyC. initialD. sincere53. A. strikeB. isolateC. promoteD.reduce54. A. StillB. ThusC. MoreoverD.Indeed55. A. starsB. modelsC. designersD. advertisers【答案】41. A42. A43. B 44. D45. B 46. C 47. A48. B 49. D50. BA 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. C51.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的 产品做广告到开发自己的产品。介绍了名人服装品牌的优势以及缺点。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去，影迷们会为一部特定的电影疯狂，但现在，公众倾向于将自己的消费建 立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。A. tends打算；B.returns返回；C.aims旨在；D.means意味着。根 据后文 “to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product” 指现在， 公众倾向于 将自己的消费建立在名人对任何特定产品的兴趣之上。故选A。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远 不如名人。A. abandoned 抛弃；B. delayed 延误；C. established 建立；D. assumed 假设。根据后文 ubecause they don,t sell nearly as well as famous,可知，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，故选A。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，时尚杂志几乎已经放弃了把模特放在封面上的做法，因为她们的销量远 不如名人。A. films 电影；B. faces 脸；C. issues 问题；D. stories 故事。呼应上文 “the interest of celebrity v 指模特不如名人，famous faces表示“名人”。故选B。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，名人已经意识到他们难以置信的强大的市场潜力，从为别人的产品做广 告到开发自己的产品。A. inventing发明；B. composing组成；C.exploring探索;D.developing开发,发展。 根据上文"from advertising for others9 products to,指名人从为别人的产品做广告到开发自己的产品。故选D。45题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者 的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A. dramatically戏剧地；B. completely完全地；C. steadily稳定地；D. normally 正常地。根据后文“new phenomenon, but in the past”可知，过去也出现过，所以不是一个全新的现象。故 选Bo【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：名人服装品牌并不是一个全新的现象，但在过去，它们通常是针对普通消费者 的，而且仅限于少数电视女演员。A.takenby突袭；B.setfor安排；C. limited to限于；D.listedon列在上。根据后文“a few TV actresses”可知，名人服装品牌在过去仅限于少数电视女演员。故选C。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，他们由一流的明星创立，他们的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声 誉。A. brands 品牌；B. trends 趋势；C. sales 销售；D. editions 版本。根据上文 “they' re started by first-class stars"可知，一流明星创立的产品享有与一些世界顶级品牌同等的声誉。故选A。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。A. common普通 的；B. specific 特别的；C. potential 有潜力的；D. artificial 人造的。根据上文 The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with,以及常识，最成功的初创企业是那些拥有特定个人风格的名人创办的。故选B。49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着明星在市场上的经验越来越丰富，他们的生产规模迅速扩大，几乎涵盖了 所有的日常生活产品。A.promoting促进;B. extending延伸；C.engaging参与;D. covering覆盖。根据后文“almostall the products of daily life”指产品几乎涵盖了所有的日常生活产品。故选D。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，每一个成功的故事，都有一个相关的警告故事，一个名人高估了他的消 费者吸引力。A. disappointing使失望；B. warning警告；C. greeting问候；D. amazing使吃惊。根据后文“a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal可知，一个名人高估了他的消费者吸引力是警告故事，故选B。51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论产品的起源多么有名，如果它不能用自身的品质打动消费者，它就开始像 一种自我推销的营销活动。A. origin起源;B. organization组织；C.release释放；D.intention意图。根据上 文“No matter how famous the product' s”可知，这里指名人创立的产品，起源也有名。故选A。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，忠诚度会回到可靠的品牌。A. continuous 持续的；B. crazy 疯狂的；C. initial 首先的；D. sincere 真诚的。根据后文 uattention dies down, consumer interest might fade”可知，最初的关注消失，消费者的兴趣可能会消退，故选C。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一个失误都有可能缩短名人的寿命，而曾经给他带来名气的报纸或杂志在机 会出现时毫不犹豫地将他撕成碎片。A. strike打击；B. isolate隔离；C. promote促进；D.reduce减少。根据 上文uEach misstep threatens to,?可知失误会减少名人的寿命，故选D。【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。A. Still仍然；B.Thus因此；C. Moreover 此外；D. Indeed确实。根据后文athe ego potential for expansion is limitless.可知，尽管失误会减少名人 的寿命，可自我膨胀的潜力是无限的。故选A。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为设计师，他们的成功可能持续一生，但时尚就像名人一样，总是短暂的。 A. stars 明星；B. models 模型；A designers 设计师;D. advertisers 广告商。呼应上文 uHaving already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered.（由于已经获 得了巨大的财富和公众的认可，许多名人将时尚视为下一个需要征服的领域）”可知，这里指名人想要成为 设计师，故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Life in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet-as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, "These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them.And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It s trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter （散射）light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don't see it you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments （色素）that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments, so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials-skin, fat, and moreand light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like （果冻状的） material and spread themselves over it.Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.56. According to Paragraph 1 transparent animals.A. stay in groupsB. can be easily damagedC. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures57. The underlined word "dead" in Paragraph 3 means.A. silentlyB.graduallyC. regularlyD.completely58. One way for an animal to become transparent is to.A. change the direction of light travelB.gather materials to scatter lightC. avoid the absorption of lightD.grow biggerto stop light59 The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals.A. move more slowly in deep waterstay see-through even after deathB. produce more tissues for their survivaltake effective action to reduce light spreading【答案】56.B57. D 58. C 59. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三行“Mostof them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch可知，透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。【57题详解】词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而 另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句"To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.”可知，想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线，因此其中的一个方法是C选项，避免光线的吸收。故选C。【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.”可知, 体型较大的 透明动物面临的挑战最大，因为它们必须让体内所有不同的组织减缓光线的速度，就像减缓水的速度一样。由此判断出，他在最后一段告诉我们，更大的透明动物会采取有效的行动来减少光的扩散。故选D。（B）Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life. A technology firm is trying to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo. Artibo is small. Its brain, or AI block, is a cube （立方体）that fits in your hand. That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels. Assembled, it's about four inches tall.Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around. Artibo's designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding. With its camera, microphone and connection to a cloud-based AI, it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie（对讲 机）.It talks like a chatbot and can tell bedtime stories. It can even help you learn other languages!Artibo isn't quite ready for stores yet, though. It's part of a crowdfunding project. Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people. Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project. Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new. LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998. Since then, programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line. Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks.Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas （ 画布）of a computer screen. Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu, link them together, and watch how your robot responds. In Artibo's case coding doesn't stop there. Unlike other similar programmable toys, Artibo will also allow you to write your own code. So as you