Unit 1 Know yourself 课时3 Grammar 初中英语牛津译林版九年级上册同步讲义.docx

Unit 1 Know yourself Grammar 陨知识点01并列连词and教材P12【用法详解】1)表示并列、顺承和递进关系，连接词性相同的单词、短语或句子。As for grammar, English and Chinese have something in common.相对于语法来说，英语和汉语有很多相似之 处。2)用于“祈使句and + will陈述句”结构,并列连词and之后的陈述句表示一个较好的结果，祈使句表示一 个条件，可与if引导的条件句互相转换。Hurry up and you will catch the early bus.=If you hurry up, you will catch the early bus. 【典例讲解】Betty speaks English best in our class she often helps us with it. A. andB. butC. orD.for【答案】A 【解析】句意：在我们班贝蒂英语讲得最好，并且她经常帮助我们学英语。考查并列连词。and和；but但是；or或 者；for因为。结合语 境可知，空处表示顺承关系，用and连接前后句，故选A。1) “Help others whenever you can,you will make the world a nice place,the mother said to her daughter.A. andB. orC. butD. so【答案】A 【解析】句意：母亲对女儿说：“只要你能帮助别人，你就会把世界变成一个美好的地方。考查连词辨析。and然 后，和；or 否贝ij ； but 但是；so 因此。根据“Help others whenever you can.you will make the world a nice place” 可知，此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的结构，前后句是递进的关系，应用连词and。故选A。【拓展】and连接的两个部分做主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式，但如果连接的两个部分表示同一个人，同一件事， 或表示一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。The scientist and professor is invited to give us a speech.那位科学家教授被邀请给我们做演讲。When and where to have the meeting has not been decided yet.开会的时间和地点还没有定下来。Fork and knife is often used in western countries. 刀叉在西方国家被使用。【解析】.句意：我讨厌早上一个人呆在家里，尤其讨厌乘公共汽车。morning早上；afternoon下午；evening傍晚； night 晚上；根据"She left at 5:45 a.m, so I had to wake myself up, fix breakfast, and walk to the 7:30 a.m. bus.“可 知，作者讨厌早上一个人在家，故选A。1 .句意：他突然露出灿烂的笑容，但我不认识他。smoothly流畅地；simply简单地；suddenly突然；slowly 慢慢地；根据"I saw an old man walking towards us.”以及“broke into a wide smile”可知，此处说的是突然露出 灿烂的笑容，故选C。2 .句意:他叫着我母亲的名字说。writing写；calling叫；reading读；asking问;根据“Leigh! Leigh!”可知, 是叫着作者母亲的名字，故选B。4句意：他高兴地问。carefully仔细地；curiously好奇地；cheerfully高兴地；calmly镇定地；根据“Couldn't be better!”以及后文对母亲的表扬可知，这个人心情是非常好的，应该是高兴地问，故选C。5 .句意：我看着他笑了笑，不确定自己的角色。looks相貌，表情；age年龄；moods情绪；role角色；根据 “broke into a wide smile, but I didn't know him." 以及"Jenny, can you say hello?”可知，对于这个作者不认识的 人，被要求跟他打招呼，作者不知道应该用什么样的角色跟他打招呼，故选D。6 .句意：我惊讶地看着他。surprise惊讶；hope希望；doubt怀疑；envy嫉妒；根据"as I had no idea what he was talking about”可知，作者对于那个人说的话感到惊讶，故选A。7 .句意：其实，年轻人，我永远不会忘记她。lady女士； man男人；person人；student学生；根据"this lovely young person”可知，这里是陌生男人对作者说的话，用young person指代作者，故选C。8 .句意：就在那时，我突然意识到对我妈妈来说，当护士意味着什么。accepted接受；explained解释；considered 考虑;realized意识到；根据"what it meant for my mom to be a nurse”可知,这是作者意识到的,故选Do.句意：她照顾、服务、爱护那些陌生人，常常是在他们生命中最黑暗的时期。happiest 最幸福的；darkest 最黑暗的；busiest 最忙的；warmest 最温暖的；根据“She was caring for, serving, and loving those strangers”及常识可知I,作者意识到妈妈在这些陌生人最艰难最黑暗的时期照顾他们，故选B。9 .句意：这不是我最后一次看到有人感谢妈妈或赞扬她对病人的态度，但这是我第一次明白为什么我每天 早上都要站在公交车站。praising表扬；greeting问候；attacking攻击；reminding提醒；根据“When I was in hospital last month she took the best care of me. She made every day better."可知，妈妈受至U 了 她照顾的病人们的 感谢和赞扬，故选A。题组C培优拔尖练一.阅读理解AFor most people, graduation is an exciting day. But my graduation day was not.We graduates had degrees, but very few job chances. I knew that the next day I would no longer have a place called home. I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had traveled from across the country to watch our class walk across that stage. But like everyone else in my graduating class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse in my fourth year of university.I knew my small university town couldn,t offer me any chances, so I drove to southern California to find work. But what I thought would take a week lasted for two weeks, and then four weeks, and I found myself in the same spot I was in before.You know that feeling when you up and you are full of fear? Fear about something you can't control. You hope that everything that has happened to you so far is just a bad dream.So what did I do to stay calm? I wrote. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer- a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. If you want something enough. .sometimes a little hope is all you need!I turned my scary feeling into a children's book about a surprising hero who simply refused to give up on his dream.Then one day, without a writing degree or contacts （接触）in the writing world - just a lot of hard workI was offered a publishing （出版）deal for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview with a big company and got a good job.It takes time, but just hold on-things can change when you don't expect it. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1 .The author didn't think her graduation day was exciting because.A.her family and friends didn't comeB.she got a bad score in her senior yearC.she didn't get her university degreeD.she worried about how to make a living2 .What happened to the author after four weeks?A.She got a job offer in California.B.She still couldn't find a job.C.She drove back to her hometown.D.She found a job in her university.3 .How did the author feel while writing her first book?A.Calm.B.Scared.C.Excited.D.Hopeful.4 .What helped the author achieve success?A.Her writing degree.B.Her friends in the writing world.C.Her hard work and persistence.D.Her good job interview skills.5 . What's the best title fbr the text?A.Try to get as much education as you can.B.Don't fear what the future will be like.C.Life can change for the better if you just hold on.D.You might not get the job you want at first.【答案】.DBBCC【文章大意】本文主要是作者讲述自己从毕业时的失意到最后取得成功的故事，来告诉大家永远不要放弃，实现梦想需 要的是时间，所以要有坚持下去的勇气。【解析】.推理判断题。根据“We graduates had degrees, but very few job opportunities ”可以推出作者担心如何谋生。故选Do.细节理解题。根据“and then four weeks, and I found myself in the same spot as I was before.”可知，四个星期 后作者还是找不到工作。故选B。1 . 细节理解题。根据“I turned my scaiy feelings into a children's book about a surprising hero who simply refused to give up on his dream.”可知，作者在写第一本书时是害怕的。故选B。2 .细节理解题。根据“It takes time, but just hold onthings can change when you don't expect it.”及全文的内容 可知，是作者的努力和坚持不懈帮助她成功了，故选C。3 .最佳标题。本文主要是作者通过自己的经历告诉读者，实现梦想需要时间，要一直坚持下去，故选C。BWhen people discover that I work as a film and TV extra, they always ask me the same questions: Emily, is it easy to get work? Isn't it boring? Do you get to meet famous actors? Does it pay well? My answers are pretty standard as well: Yes, sometimes, once in a while, and. kind of. The life of an extra is both more interesting and more boring than you might imagine.Extras, who play the people in crowds, on streets, or in the background of indoor scenes, can come from all walks of life. Unlike many extras, I'm a trained actor. I do get real speaking roles, but work can be hard to come by if you're not a popular star. Vm registered with an agency that deals only with extras, so I get calls all the time. The agency explains who I'll be - someone in a crowd, a member of a jury, a clerk - and tells me where to go. Call time is usually bright and early, so I try to get to bed at a reasonable hour.Sometimes being an extra is a “hurry up and waif job. In my first extra role, I was one of a group of office workers who come out of a building just as a car explodes in the street. We waited for hours for the scene to be shot, and then went in and out of the building about fifty times, trying to act temfied by an explosion which was not real. Then we had lunch, changed clothes, and spent the afternoons as customers in a department store.It may sound like I don't enjoy the work, but I do. Being part of the background in a convincing way is challenging, and being on a film or TV set is always fascinating. A lot of famous actors don't even notice the extras, but the ones who do make the job a lot of fun for everyone. As for the money, it's nothing compared to what the big actors make, but it pretty much pays the bills. And, as a bonus. I've beaten my high scores on all my phone games, thanks to all the time I spend sitting around, waiting for something to happen.4 .Emily gives standard answers because.A.she is proud of her jobC.she thinks it's unnecessary to explain7.What does Emily think of her job?B.she wants to hide her feelingsD.they are the exact answers to the questionsA.Busy.A.Busy.B.Enjoyable.C.Fashionable.D.Easy.1.1 n the passage, another way to say as a bonus would beA.above expectation B.as a resultA.above expectation B.as a resultC.in generalD.after all9 .According to the passage,.A.the famous actors look down upon the extrasB.being an extra is always a “hurry up and wait” jobC.Emily tells the truth about being a film and TV extraD.those who want to be film or TV extras must be trained10 .We can infer that Emily.A.often pays the bills for othersB.sometimes has to get up very earlyC.has beaten all the phone game playersD.was in face of danger in her first extra role【答案】CBACB【文章大意】本文作者艾米莉是一名临时演员，她讲述了自己对临时演员这份工作的认识，以及自己做临时演员的经历 和感受。【解析】.推理判断题。根据"Emily, is it easy to get work? Isn't it boring? Do you get to meet famous actors? 可知，人 们经常询问艾米莉诸如“找工作容易吗？、报酬高吗？”等问题，艾米莉总是回以简单的回答，故可知她认为 解释这些问题没有必要，所以回答的很标准简短。故选C。6 .推理判断题。根据"The life of an extra is both more interesting and more boring than you might imagine."及“It may sound like I don飞enjoy the work, but I do.”可知，艾米莉喜欢临时演员的工作，她认为临时演员比人们想 象中的要有趣和无聊；故总体来说，她认为这份工作是令人愉快的。故选B。7 .词句猜测题。根据“As for the money, it's nothing compared to what the big actors make, but it pretty much pays the bills."及“I've beaten my high scores on all my phone games, thanks to all the time I spend sitting around, waiting for something to happen.”可知，艾米莉作为一名临时演员，报酬可以支付账单，玩游戏可以得到高分, 这对她来说是一种额外的、超出预期的奖励；故as a bonus意思是说“额外的红利、额外令人高兴的事情”， 结合选项，可知A选项above expectation“超出预期”与之意思相近。故选A。8 .推理判断题。通读全文可知，艾米莉讲述了关于临时演员这份工作的一些真实情况。故选C。9 .推理判断题。根据"Call time is usually bright and early, so I try to get to bed at a reasonable hour.”可知,通告时间通常是大清早，所以艾米莉有时会早早起床。故选B。知识点02并列连词but 教材P12【用法详解】l）but表示“但是，然而，去广，用来连接两个有转折关系的单词，短语或句子。一Would you like to come to the party tonight?一I'd love to, but I have too much homework.2） but与though, although不可以同时用在一个句子里。He was hurt, but he still ran on.=Although/Though he was hurt, he still ran on.【典例讲解】My room Jane's room are tidy,Lucy's room isn't.A. and ; andB. and; orC. and; butD. but; and【答案】c【解析】句意：我的房间和简的房间是整洁的，但是露西的房间不是。考查并列连词。and和，而且，表示并列或顺 承或递进关系；or或者，也不，通常用于否定句和疑问句；but但是，表示转折关系。“My room”和“Jane's room 是并列关系，可知第一个空填and；第二个空前后句之间是转折关系，可知第二个空填but；故选C。知识点03并列连词or 教材P12【用法详解】1）表示选择关系，意为“或者”，用来连接两个或多个对等成分。如果连接两个主语，谓语动词的人称和 数与or后面的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。Are you coming alone or with us together? 你自己来还是跟我们一起？His brother or he is going to tell us a story.他或者他的兄弟将会给我们讲一个故事。常用于否定和疑问句，用于否定句中表示“也不”，用于疑问句中表示“或者”。I dorft like coffee with sugar or milk.我不喜欢咖啡加糖或者牛奶。3）意为“否则”，用于“祈使句or +陈述句（一般将来时）”结构。并列连词or之后的陈述句表示 一个不好的结果，祈使句表示一个条件，可与if引导的（否定）条件句互相转换。Hurry up or you will miss the early bus.=If you don't hurry up, you will miss the early bus.【典例讲解】Don't give up working hard,you will never achieve anything in your life.A. soB. orC. butD. and【答案】B【解析】句意：不要放弃努力工作，否则你将一事无成。考查连词辨析。so因此，表因果；or或者，否则，表选择; but但是，表转折；and和，表顺承；根据"Dorf t give up working hard”可知句子是“祈使句+or+陈述句，结构； 表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”；故选B。知识点04并列连词so 教材P12【用法详解】l)so表示因果关系，意为“所以，因此，于是”。类似的词：therefore。My mother asked me to go home, so I left school early.妈妈让我回家，因此我早早地就离开了学校。2) so与because不可以同时用在一个句子里。Mary was ill, so she didn't go to school today.=Because Mary was ill, she didn't go to school today.【典例讲解】一How is your leg?一It is still painful,I'm going to see a doctor now.A. thoughB. butC. orD. so【答案】D【解析】句意:你的腿怎么样了？还是疼，所以我现在要去看医生。考查连词辨析。though尽管；but但是; or或者；so所以。“It is still painfbl”与Tm going to see a doctor now”是因果关系，因为腿疼，所以要去看医 生。故选D。知识点05 impatient 教材P12【用法详解】impatient adj. =不耐心的反义词：patient adj.耐心的 be patient with sb对某人耐心的patience n.耐心patient n.病人Do not be impatient with patients.不要对病人不耐心。【典例讲解】It's to sleep with lots of noise around.一I can't agree more. Noise makes people.A. possible; impatientB. impossible; impatientC.possible; sleeplessD. impossible; sleepy【答案】B【解析】句意：周围有很多噪音是不可能入睡的。我完全同意。噪音使人不耐烦。考查形容词辨析。possible 可能的；impatient不耐烦的；impossible不可能的;sleepy困倦的;sleepless失眠的;根据"sleep with lots of noise around”可知，如果有很多噪音，入睡是不可能的，排除A/C选项；结合常识可知，噪音会使人感到不 耐烦，故选B。知识点06 both.and 教材P13【用法详解】both . and .：和.两者者E; 既又连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，否定结构为neithernorBoth her mother and she can speak English very well.她的妈妈和她，英语讲得都很好。【典例讲解】Getting enough sleep is good for health study.A. neither; norB. both; andC. either; nor D. neither; or【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：获得足够的睡眠对健康和对学习都有好处。A. neither; nor既不也不；B. both;and和都；CD选项本身错误，根据句意，故选B。知识点 07 not only.but also . 教材 P13【用法详解】not only . but (also):不仅而且,连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数须与but (also)后面的主语保持一 致(就近原则)。Not only his parents but also he is kind to the poor.不仅他的父母而且他对穷人都很好。【典例讲解】Mary her parents take regular exercise in order to keep fit.A. Not only .but also B. Either .or C. Neither.nor D. Not only.as well【答案】A【解析】句意：不仅玛丽而且她的父母为了保持健康也做日常锻练。A. Not only .but also不但而且；B.Either .or 或者或者；C. Neither.nor 既不也不；D. Not only.as well 无止匕搭配；根据句意及语境此题应选A。知识点 08 either.or.教材 P13【用法详解】either . or .：不是就是；要么要么，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数须与or后面的主语保 持一致(就近原则)。We only need one person. Either Mary or Tom is ok.我们只需要一个人， 要么是 Mary,要么是 Tom 都可以。【典例讲解】I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily?-Lily I will go with you because one of us must help our fatherA. Either; norB. Either; orC. Neither; nor D. Both; and【答案】B【解析】句意： 我听说最近有一部新电影，我们一起去看电影好吗，露西和莉莉？ 要么莉莉要么我和你一 起去,因为我们中的一个必须帮助我们的爸爸。A. Either; nor搭配不对；B.Either; or或者或者；C. Neither; nor 既不也不；D. Both; and.和.者E。根据“because one of us must help our father”可知,只能有一个人去，故答案为B。知识点 9 neither.nor 教材 P13【用法详解】neither . nor.：既不也不连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数须与nor后面的主语保持一致（就近原则）。 Neither Mum nor Dad is at home today.妈妈和爸爸今天都不在家。【典例讲解】both Jim and Jane interested in taking photos in High School Affiliated to SWU?I don't think so.Jim Jane shows any interest in that.A. Do; Not only, but alsoB. Are; Not only, but alsoC.Do; Neither, norD. Are; Neither, nor【答案】D【解析】句意：吉姆和简都对在西南大学附属中学拍照感兴趣吗？ 我不这么认为。吉姆和简对那件事都不 感兴趣。考查一般疑问句和连词辨析。Not only, but also不但而且；Neither, nor既不也不be interested in“对 有兴趣”,一般疑问句需要提前be动词，故排除AC；根据“I don't think so.”可知两人 都对此不感兴趣。故选D。田能力拓展一.单项选择1. He was to wait for me for so long. He left alone.A. so impatient B. patient enough C. too patient D. too impatient2.This training program can give you a rise at work,increase your pay by 40%, so you'd better put all your effort into it.A.as well asB.as good asC.as soon asD.as possible as3.Smile at the world,the world will smile back at you.A.butB.andC.asD.or.You don't need to take any cash （现金）when shopping. You may pay by Alipay （支J寸宝）WeChat （微信）.A.either, orB.neither; norC.not; but. Tom, you're all wet. Take off the clothes,you will catch a cold.A.andB.butC.soD.or. Life is like a one-way race,treasure every moment as time cannot be won again.A.soB.andC.orD.but.he get up early,he also goes to bed late.A.Not on